• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.118-138
• /
• 1996

Because of accelerated urbanization public body visiting nursing project that started according as matter of health on urban class in the lower brackets of income was concentrated on Social interests has a unsatisfied points to propel project efficiently from the lack of rating materials. Therefore centering around written contents in documentary literature of citizen health by household in five years from starting year of project to now. visiting frequency by medical manpower was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in aspect of management hereupon. for the sake of giving a basic materials for public health project of this field. This research presents documentary literature of citizen health which become materials is that as one person's charged region of nurse in duty scale. district is Kang-Buck Gu. the object is resident in the lower brackets of income grounded livelihood protection law and who is admitted by the head of organ~chief of health care). and the number of material centering around the head of a household is 415 copy. The result of research is summarized. as follow. 1. Average visiting frequency examinated by medical manpower show difference according to valuables of supervision characteristics namely average visiting. Frequency of nurse has long term residence in case registration season is early and supervision season is the first year and is high incase a kind of house is unlicdnsed mountain town. Average visiting frequency with doctor is high incase supervision season is the first year and the medical insurance system is admitted by chief of health care. That shows that a man of discomfort behavior left alone are yet many in local society. The meaning of this result shows that the continuity of official relation about class in the lowest brackets of income of long term residence goes well between househole who is a user of visiting nursing service of the object according to midway income under management influences a given duty of nurse s and so causes quantitative decrease. 2. In case behavier and condition of health that nurse diagnoses are bad. as the type matter is a lack of health and the number of patient is large. the average visiting frequency of nurse is high. because average visiting frequency with doctor is high as the condition of health is bad and the number of patient is large. That is similar with that of nurse. CD Average visiting frequency of nurse s seen by matter of disease is very high only in apoplexy by 39.50 and is confined within limits from 7.63 to 11.36 in other disease. But average visiting frequency with doctor is double as many as that of nurse but defined in apoplexy hypertension and articulate. (1) Average visiting frequency of nurse by existence in inoculation of hepatitis is low by 6.73 in unidentified group and very high by 26.89 in group of non-inoculation and the case of the antigenic positive man of B type hepatitis or epileptic who can't be inoculated shows 13.00 and that even family nursing service is needed to them. That result shows that though one person nurse of local charge has a large scale of duty. as visting nursing service is given a class who has a large demand preferentially by respectively accurate nursing diagnosis. the number of diagnosis service is similar with it. 3. During five years. average visiting frequency of nurse is 10.84 and average visiting frequency with doctor is 76.50 seeing from the official scale of nurse. visiting by household is performed two more per year to the average. Seeing this by type of service. average visiting frequency of nurse is higher in indirectly nursing than in directly nursing and that suggests that at the time of visiting household nurse performs education of protection lively save patient but at the time of contrastedly visiting with doctor. directly nursing is more contents of service show no difference by man power and medication dressing by demand is 14.3 and 18.6 the aid of hardship term of doctor and nurse is high by 18.7 and 17.00 in the request of hospitalization when seeing by demands. 4. Action by turns exemplified 1994 is well in sequence of 2/4 turn. 3/4 turn. 1/4 turn. 4/4 turn. When seen by average visiting frequency of nurse but gradually is even. Without difference by turns. average visiting frequency of doctor is much higher in 1/4 turn than other turns. Type of service by turns is all even but directly nursing is inactive in 4/4 and indirectly nursing. Very increases in 4/4 and so. Nurse's quantity of duty is plentiful that shows that by evaluation of last turn and plan of project. Contents of service follows that medication and dressing is the highest by' 5.57 in 1/4turn. goes down gradually by turn. becomes 3.57 in 3/4 turn. and increases again by 4.83 in 4/4 turn. the rest service is higher in 2/4 turn than other turns. 5. Total visiting frequency of nurse is explained to total $37.5\%$ by six valuables of visiting frequency of doctor. nursing demand. demand of diagnosis. condition of behavior. year. Special terms and magnitude of influential power is the same as sequence of enumerated valuables. Namely. the higher the visiting frequency of doctor. the bigger nursing and demand of diagnosis is. the worse the condition of behavior is. the older the object is and the more the household of special terms is. the high total visiting frequency of nurse is.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.451-462
• /
• 2020

According to the online learning environment, learning activities using mobile technology have emerged as a major concern. The features of mobile technology show potential supporting the emergence of learners' agencies in science education. In this study, 22 research literature on mobile activities in science teaching and learning published in Korea from 2011 to April 2020 were selected. First, the framework of Suarez et al. (2018) was revised and the types of mobile activities were categorized and investigated. Second, the emergence of agencies was examined in the context of science teaching and learning. And also, the relevance of mobile activity types ('Access to content', 'Data collection', 'Peer-to-peer communication', 'Contextual support') to support learners' agency dimension ('goals', 'content', 'action', 'strategy', 'reflection', 'monitoring') was analyzed. The first analysis show that science teaching and learning through mobile activities are changing from traditional to student-centered. Through these activities, students become more involved in learning and get the opportunity to become agents of learning. As a result of the second analysis, it has been confirmed that the emergence of learners' agencies has been supported and strengthened through mobile activities. Whereas, it needs to look upon the relationship between learners' agency and mobile activities in the overall context of science class. This consideration led to implications for the use of mobile technology in future science education and the transition to student-centered education.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.355-384
• /
• 2017

In Korea, a Law on Airport Noise Prevention and Noise Control Area Support has been in effect since 2010. And also, airport noise measures project and residents support project conducted following the Law on Airport Noise Prevention and Noise Control Area Support. However, a Law on Airport Noise Prevention and Noise Control Area Support does not apply to military airfield. Many city residents already complain about military airport noise, but there are no countermeasures. They claim the noise from the military airfield is an intrusion on their lives, and some people brought a class action against the government. In the 20th National Assembly, some congressmen already proposed some legislations that aims to support residents adjacent to the military airfield. Nevertheless, relevant legislations are currently pending at the 20th National Assembly. Legislation preventing aircraft noise and providing support measures is essential to residents life who near by military airfield. At first, this study looked at legislations proposed by congressmen in the 20th National Assembly. And also, this study looked at A Law on the Improvement of Living Environment around the Defence Facilities of Japan. Based on this study, we did an analysis of the problem of legislation and proposed improvement suggestion. I hope so that this study could someday help congressmen make a legislation about military airfield noise. We hope the 20th National Assembly will pass the legislation finally to help the residents who near by military airfield relieve their pain by noise and restore their human dignity.

• Journal of Information Management
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.133-159
• /
• 2010

Books in libraries can be highly refined information. Google invests digitization of books in libraries. But the digitization of books that has a variety of interests, coupled with several problems, including class action, in addition the many critical discussions are underway. Korea pushed the national digitization projects, what are libraries' digitizing their collection of many books. Of course, in publishing and digitization of the target is limited to books published ahead of Google. However, the Library Act was amended for the reposition of online materials, but only in the ways that Google's case is different. Library Act permits collection of online resources through the library to allow, the legislation can be considered as leading act. However, online data is publicly not available through the Internet, so this service hae limited means and range unlike Google. This paper, the digitization of books in the library due to copyright, examines the legal issues looking for the desirable solution. Physical library's main role had been kept the book, but we use the book in terms of policies needed to consider. To overcome these limitations of Copyright Act, this paper researches the relation of Google Book Search in our Copyright Act, and considers introduction as the fair use doctrine and the digital repository system.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 1994

The binding properties of oxomemazine to muscarinic receptors using the ability of oxomemazine to inhibit $[^3H]QNB$ binding in membrane fractions of rat cerebrum and guinea pig ventricle and ileum were investigated. $[^3H]QNB$ bound to a single class of muscarinic receptors with a dissociation constant of approximately 60 pM in three tissue preparations. Pirenzepine and oxomemazine inhibited $[^3H]QNB$ binding in cerebrum with a Hill coefficient lower than unity, and the inhibition data were best described by a two-site model. The relative densities of the high $(M_1)\;and\;low\;(M_2)$ affinity sites for pirenzepine were 60 and 40%, with corresponding Ki values of 16 and 431 nM, and those $(O_H\;and\;O_L)$ for oxomemazine 40 and 60%, with corresponding Ki values of 80 and 1350 nM. However, the inhibition data of both drugs vs $[^3H]QNB$ in ventricle and ileum appeared to obey the law of mass-action (Hill coefficient close to 1). The apparent Ki values of pirenzepine were 850 and 250 nM, and those of oxomemazine 1460 and 570 nM in ventricle and ileum, respectively. Thus, oxomemazine like pirenzepine has high affinity for cerebrum, moderate affinity for ileum and low affinity for ventricle. These results suggest that oxomemazine could recognize the muscarinic receptor subtypes with a high affinity for the $M_1$ sites.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.30
• /
• pp.236-262
• /
• 2012

Morgenthau claims that in international relations, there are the economic, political, and military powers that enable a nation to achieve its political and diplomatic goals. This paper explores the possibility of resolving international conflicts with naval power. First, the theoretical and historical perspective, naval power was used as a final resort to force a nation's political or diplomatic objective on an enemy nation when negotiations failed, and this was done through the physical and psychological destruction of the enemy by naval power. But as the use of military power has decreased because of the invention of the nuclear weapon, the existence of a large and capable navy deterrent has become one of the most useful military options among a nation's diplomatic measures. In other words, he focused on the political usefulness of naval power as a deterrent and coercive diplomatic tool for persuading other nations to acquiesce, rather than using naval power and actual military action as a final resort. The reason for this is that compared to army and air force, navy's flexibility, continuity, and the ability to deter are greater. The navy provides excellent accessibility through its wide mobility on the sea, and it has been shown through research that the navy possesses a political usefulness that facilitates the solution of conflicts through presence, naval intervention, and naval blockade. On the other hand, among the factors that could improve the influence of the navy are alliance relations, a reliable and powerful navy, carrots and sticks that it would have to deal with in the case of successful or unsuccessful negotiations, and support from international opinion. On this paper I introduce E.N.Luttwak's naval suasion theory. By the his theory, there are two mode of naval suasion. One is latent naval suasion the other is active suasion. Latent suasion there are deterrent mode and supportive mode. Active naval suasion there are coercive mode and supportive mode. Coercive mode has positive and negative. The limitations of naval suasion have been identified as follows. First, because the objective of the use of naval power is persuading enemy nations, the results are unpredictable. Second, the leaders of all countries possess limited understanding on the complexities of naval power and therefore lack understanding of the usefulness of naval power when choosing options. Third, in case of failure through naval suasion, prestige and reputation of a nation can be damaged. Finally, the following are additional possible research topic. First, a research on the decision making process of choosing naval power as a measure to resolve conflicts is needed. Lastly, research on the size of the navy and types of ships required for efficient naval suasion is needed. Today's world requires cooperative security regime so that middle class navy also requires political use of naval power in solving international conflicts. Therefore, additional research on this topic is needed.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.58-71
• /
• 1999

Nursing process is an essential part for nursing practice. Nursing faculty members must focus on the clinical application for students and try to identify the possible problems that students might face in the fields. The purpose of this study is to examine the actual condition of nursing process education in curricula and to investigate the response of students in clinical experience of nursing process. From 462 students in the 6 associate programs(ADN) and the 6 baccalaureate programs (BSN) data was collected by questionnaire. The results were as followed. 1. Seven programs (58.3%) opened the nursing process in mainly sophomore (BSN) or freshman(ADN). If not opened, the nursing process was taught at the major subjects(espcially fundamental nursing or adult nursing). 2. All Students responded they we supposed to use nursing process in preparing the case report. The majority(94.6%) used NANDA lists for nursing diagnosis and 55.7% of subjects consulted the Korean terms by KNA when translating. The tutors for nursing process in clinical settings were the professor in charge of the subject (68.6) or clinical instructors (48.1%) , assistants(34%). 3. The problems in clinical application that students experienced consisted of 17 items and the mean was 2.27. The biggest problem was 'the lack of the model for RN of applying the nursing process in clinical settings'(2.97). Next the big problem was 'the lack of the competency for implementing the established nursing plans'(2.69). All items were significantly different according to the level of educational programs(ADN or BSN). ADN students had more problems in applying the each step of nursing process and BSN students perceived the NANDA as a guidance of nursing diagnosis and the inconsistency of advices from several instructors or practicum to be mere problematic. 4. The mean of merits after application of nursing process was relatively fair (2.82). The best merit was 'they can identify nursing problems more exactly'(3.07). The second high merit was 'they can study the rational of nursing action' (3.03). BSN than ADN and the subjects of second year than of one year in clinical experience perceived the use of nursing process to be better. Based on this results we need to enforce the application of nursing diagnosis in the class. The use of sample cases can be the efficient method. Students can identify the possible health problems for patient from the cases in imaginary world and discuss them each other. Also we can use the discussion session after practice every other day or as needed. All this is on the good interaction between tutor and student. We must consider to have enough time for student to seize the essence of the nursing process.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.214-221
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to inquire into the effects of teaching methods in the class on the conceptual change of atmospheric pressure for middle school students. After analyzing the concept of atmospheric pressure in the middle school science textbooks on the present 7th Curriculum, classes were performed adopting classified Method A and Method 3. For Method A, the textbook is used to explain the concept in the view of weight. For Method B, the textbook is used to approach the concept in the views of molecular movement as well as of weight. This study consists of four classes in the third grade students of middle school in Busan, where they were divided into the Method A group and the Method B group. These study was carried out with pre-post on each of these classes on the learning achievement and on the conceptual change of atmospheric pressure. The results of this study were as follows: First, the effect on the learning achievement was displayed the average score of the Method B was showing a meaningful difference comparing to the Method A. Second, the effect on the conceptual change measured by verifying the score for the difference among the averages for each sub-scale three out of four conceptual factors,'the direction of atmospheric influence and the reason','the principle of atmospheric action' and 'the atmospheric changes by the temperature rise on the surface of the earth and the reason', showed meaningful improvement. But, the one left factor,'the distribution of atmospheric pressure by altitudes and the reason', displayed no meaningful difference. Third, The concept of atmospheric pressure is better defined as the pressure created by the movement of air particles, in the view of kinetic theory of gas, rather than explained by the notion of the weight of air.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.106-117
• /
• 2006

We measured the concentrations of organic matter and metallic elements (Al, Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor (in the southern sea, Korea) to evaluate the geochemical characters of sediment and the pollutions by organic matter and metallic elements. The mean grain size of the surface sediments in the study area ranged from $5.6{\phi}$ to $7.8{\phi}$, indicating silt sediment. The water content of the surface sediments exceeded 60% except at some stations. The contents of ignition loss (IL), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 7.2-14.3%, 1.2-3.2%, and 0.10-0.28%, respectively. Based on the C/N ratios, the organic matter in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor may originate from terrigenous sources including fluvial inputs (mainly sewage in urban areas). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) ranged from $11.3-29.9\;mgO_2/g\;dry$ and 0.20-4.47 mgS/g dry, respectively, and low concentrations were observed near a shipping route. In addition, the concentrations of metallic elements showed large spatial variations in Masan Harbor and the distributions of metallic elements were also comparable to those of organic matter. This implies that the distributions of organic matter and metallic elements in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor are mainly controlled by biogenic matter and artificial action (mainly dredging). In addition, we calculated the enrichment facto. (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) in order to evaluate pollution by metallic elements. The enrichment of metallic elements relative to Al was three to eighteen times higher at the study sites, compared to levels in the Earth's crust except for Fe, Ni and Mn. In addition, the Igeo class indicated that the surface sediments in the study area were moderately to strongly polluted in terms of metallic elements.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.895-905
• /
• 2015

Citizens should be sensitive to the complex and controversial SSIs (Socioscientific Issues), be able to make a responsible decision with evidence and empathy, and furthermore take political action for the larger welfare. The premise of this research is that understanding the nature of science (NOS) takes an important role when students and adults participate in the discourse on SSIs because SSI reasoning requires individuals to examine information and counter-information with skepticism. We therefore designed SSI programs that were incorporated with NOS by adapting a contextualized-reflective approach. The leading research question was to what extent SSI contexts contributed to promoting students' understanding of NOS. A total of 71 11th grade students participated in this program. The school was located in an urban city near the capital city of Seoul, South Korea. We designed SSI programs to cover the issues of genetically modified organisms, climate change, and nuclear energy. Each issue required four to six class periods to complete. We conducted pre- and post-program tests using the revised VNOS-C, recorded group discussions or debates and collected student worksheets to observe the increase of student NOS understanding. As a result of this program, students showed moderate improvement in their understanding of NOS.