• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.5 s.70
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• pp.865-875
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the angle formed by the Sella-Nasion(SN) plane and Frankfort-Horizontal(FH) plane and evaluate the correlation and difference of the FH plane to other horizontal reference planes. Through this study we hope to present a basis for selecting a horizontal reference plae which can be implemented in cephalometric studies and in surgical orthodontic treatment planning. 600 subjects were chosen following a clinical examination md lateral cephlometric X-rays were taken. According to cephalometric analysis the subjects were classified into 3 groups , Skeletal Class I malocclusion or normal occlusion group(male 50, female 50), Skeletal Class II malocclusion group(male 50, female 65) and Skeletal Class III malocclusion group(male 50, female 50). The results were as follows. 1. The angle formed by the SN plane and FH plane showed no difference among the malocclusion groups, but there was a significant sex difference. For males the angle measured was $7.47^{\circ}{\pm}2.40^{\circ}$ whereas for females it was $8.93^{\circ}{\pm}2.72^{\circ}$. 2. The angle formed by the SN plane or FH plane and Mandibular plane was higher in females for all malocclusion groups. This angle in the Skeletal Class I malocclusion group was lower than in the other two groups. 3. There was no difference among the sexes or malocclusion groups considering the angle formed by the FH plane and Palatal plane. 4. The genial angle in the Skeletal Class III malocclusion group was higher than in the Skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusion groups in both sexes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.352-356
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• 1991

From April, 1981, to April, 1990, 20 male and 7 female patients ranging in age from 17 to 63, were operated on for aortic insufficiency with an aneurysm of the ascending aorta. Ten patients were in New York Heart Association functional class II, 7 in class III, and ten in class IV. The surgical treatment in all cases consisted of total replacement of the ascending aorta with composite graft containing a prosthetic aortic valve and reimplantation of the coronary arteries by an intermediate tube graft. In 15 patients an uncomplicated annulo-aortic ectasia existed, and in 12 an aortic dissection; three of the latter group were operated during the acute phase. 17 patients showed typical Marfan syndrome, and 3 patients showed severe ascending aortic aneurysm secondary to the aortic valve disease. The overall operative mortality was 7%[2 deaths]. Those 2 deaths occurred following emergency operation due to associated aortic dissection, but no death during elective operation. All survivors have been followed-up during a period ranging 1 to 108 month[average 34 months]. There was no late mortality. Among the survivors, clinical improvement is readily apparent[2,3 in class I, 2 in class II ]. In conclusion, the treatment of aortic insufficiency associated with an aneurysm of the ascending aorta by insertion of a composite graft and reimplantation of the coronary arteries through an intermediate Dacron tube is a reliable method with low mortality and excellent results.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2012

As attractive lips are important component of appealing faces, the study was conducted to investigate the association of mouth-breathing and thickness of lower lips in mouth-breathers and nasal-breathers. The subjects were 436 adolescent patients aged 8~18 years who took cephalometrics. The results were as follows. The ratio of lower lip thickness to that of upper lip thickness in mouth breathing and nasal breathing groups were $1.13{\pm}0.14$, $1.02{\pm}0.14$, respectively. According to subjects' skeletal pattern, the ratio in Class I sample was $1.05{\pm}0.09$. Class II subjects showed $1.20{\pm}0.12$, and Class III showed $0.97{\pm}0.11$. Mouth - breathers had higher lower/upper lip ratio than nasal breathers meaning their lower lips were thicker. Skeletal Class II patients group showed the most thickest lower lips among Class I, II, III subgroups.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2002

The use of flowable composite resins as liners in class II packable composite restoration has been suggested by some manufacturers. However, the contributions of this technique are unproven. The purpose of this study was to compare the gingival microleakage in class II packable composite restorations with or without the use of flowable composite resins as liners. Slot cavities were prepared on both proximals of 80 extracted human molars and randomly assigned to 8 groups of 20 each. The gingival margins were located at 1mm above CEJ in 80 cavities (group1-4) and 1mm below CEJ in 80 cavities (group5-8). The prepared teeth were mounted in the customized tray with adjacent teeth to simulate clinical conditions and metallic matrix band (Sectional matrix) and wooden wedges were applied. After acid etching and application of Single Bond, each group was restored with the following materials using incremental placement technique: Group 1,5 (Filtek P60), group 2, 3, 4 and group 6, 7, 8 (AeliteFlo, TetricFlow, Revolution/ Filtek P60). All specimens were thermocycled 500 times between 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$ with 1 mimute dwell time, immersed 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours and then rinsed with tab water. The specimens were embedded in clear resin and sectioned longitudinally through the center of restoration with a low speed diamond saw. Dye penetration at gingival margin was viewed at 20 magnification and analyzed on a scale of 0 to 4. Kruscal-Wallis One way analysis and Mann-Whitney Rank sum test were used to analyze the results. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The leakage values seen at the enamel margin were significantly lower than those seen at the dentin margin(P<0.05). 2. On the enamel margin, packable composite resins with flowable liners showed lower leakage than those without flowable liners, but there were no significant differences among the four groups(P>0.05). 3. On the dentin margin, four groups demonstrated moderate to severe leakage, and there were no significant differences in leakage values(P>0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.235-247
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects and optimal timing for treatment of class II malocclusion with functional appliances in children and adolescents. A group of 30 patients with class II malocclusion were divided into 3 groups according to their use of functional appliance: Twin block, Activator, Fränkel appliance. The group was also divided into 2 groups according to the cervical vertebrae maturation method. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1). Among the functional appliances, treatment with Twin block and Activator showed significant increase in the length of the mandible (Co-Gn) and the lower anterior facial height (ANS to Me), whereas the overjet and overbite were significantly reduced. Treatment with Fränkel appliance showed significant improvement in the relationship of maxilla and mandible. In addition, if the functional appliance was used during the period of pubertal growth peak, there was a significant increase in mandibular length, improvement in the relationship of maxilla and mandible, labial inclination of lower incisors and decrease in overjet compared to the treatment before pubertal growth peak. Therefore, this study indicates that using functional appliances for patients with class II malocclusion is effective and the optimal timing for using functional appliances is during pubertal growth peak.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.515-529
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• 2006

Periodontal regeneration refers to the restoration of bone, cementum and periodontal ligament to their original levels before damage from periodontal disease process. Various surgical techniques to the promotion of periodontal regeneration have been used. Bone graft and guided tissue regeneration have used for the regeneration of furcation involvements which caused by periodontal disease. Fibrin adhesive is agents that have been shown to be effective in periodontal regeneration and biological carrier. Calcium sulfate which is one of the resorbable barrier materials has used for guided tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effects between bone graft using fibrin adhesive and calcium sulfate barrier in the mandibular class II furcation involvement. For the study, twenty-six class II furcation involved teeth were surgically treated. 13 furcation defects(test group) were treated with bonegraft and fibrin adhesive and the others(control group) were treated with bone graft and calcium sulfate barrier. Pocket depth, clinical attachment level and gingival recession were measured at baseline, postoperative 3 and 6 months. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The change of pocket depth and clinical attachment level in both groups was decreased significantly at 3, 6 months than at baseline(p<0.05). 2. The change of gingival recession in both groups was increased significantly at 3, 6 months than at baseline(p<0.05). 3. The change of pocket depth and clinical attachment level in both groups was decreased at 3, 6 months, and the change of gingival recession in both groups was increased at 3, 6 months but there were no statistically or clinically significant differences with both groups. 4. The significant reduction of the pocket depth and clinical attachment level exhibited marked changes at 3 months in both groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that there are no statistically or clinically significant differences between fibrin adhesive and calcium sulfate barrier in the treatment of class II furcations using xenograft.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.405-410
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• 1987

Study population was described at the previously published paper(23). Body Mass Index of 10751, 5th grade students from nation-wide were calculated . From this distribution lowest 10% and highest 10% were selected as group 1 and group 5, respectively. In this paper, between group 1 and group 5 anthropometric data, demographic data and other health related factors were compared. 1) Using Japanese criteria for obesity, the prevalence for obesity at 5 th grade was 5.8% at nation wide and 7.8% at urban area. 2) The proportion of students who skipped breakfasts everyday was 5.8% of whole student surveyed and 8.4% for group 5. The proportion of students who took medicine for health was 29.4% for group and 22.5% for group 5. 3) The students who are at group 5 had larger height and weight velocity than other groups. Group 5 had large increase of BMI by increasing grade, but group 1 had almost no change. 4) In physical fitness examination, group 3 who mean BMI was in the highest class than other groups 5 was in low class.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.269-277
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• 1998

This in vitro study compared the microleakage of 4 lining conditions when used with Gallium alloy GF II and Valiant PhD. Class V cavity was prepared on both buccal and lingual surface of 80 extracted human premolar & molar teeth with one margin in enamel and another in dentin. Before restoration, prepared cavities were applied to no-liner, cavity varnish, Scotchbond multipurpose, and Superbond D-liner II plus according to manufacture's instructions. The restored teeth were stored in saline for 1 week, then thermocycled for 100 times, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 1 day, sectioned, and observed using a light microscope. Following results were obtained. 1. The leakage value of Superbond-lined group showed significantly lower than that of nolined group on both margins of Valiant PhD(p<0.05). 2; There was no significant difference between the 4 lining conditions in Gallium alloy GF II (p>0.05). 3. When We make a comparison between Gallium alloy GF II and Valiant PhD under same lining conditions, the microleakage value of Gallium alloy GF II showed lower than that of Valiant PhD on occlusal & gingival margin(p<0.05) except for Superbond-lined group(p>0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.463-476
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to find out if the analogical role-playing class activity had an effect on the students' academic achievements on cellular respirations as well as their science learning motivation for those who took part in the cellular respiration. To examine the effects of applying the activity, the research was conducted targeting a high school with humanities and social sciences courses, located in Busan. The target was specified as two classes that had selected a Biology II class, with one class (27 students) set as the test group and the other class (28 students) set as the control group. The conclusion drawn from this research was as follows: First, it seemed that the analogical role-playing activity helped the students to take their own parts in cellular respiration and gave them an opportunity to explain the concepts through direct physical activities, enhancing their academic achievements. Second, it was concluded that as the students found confidence and relevance in scientific knowledge as well as obtained a sense of accomplishment, the analogical role-playing class activity increased their level of satisfaction and their science learning motives. Third, as a result of the interviews on the change of the concept, students expressed some dissatisfaction over the new concept, and thought of the analogical role-playing activity as an intelligible alternative. It appeared that the alternative was plausible and fruitful.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.746-751
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• 1994

We reviewed our entire experience of 44 consecutive patients undergoing the arterial switch operation [ASO] for transposition of the great arteries [TGA] since March 1985.There were 28 patients with simple TGA[group I] and 16 with associated ventricular septal defect[VSD] [Group II] There were five hospital deaths[11.4%, 5/44], two related to single right coronary artery anatomy. There have been no late deaths. For group I hospital mortality was 14.3%[4/28], and for group II this was 6.25%[1/16]. Mean follow-up was 3.3 years[range 1 month to 8 years] and was completed for all patients. Actuarial survival at 7 years for hospital survivors was 85 $\pm$ 3.2 % in group I and 94 $\pm$ 3.5% in groupII. One patient has mild asymptomatic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and five patients [12.8 %,5/ 39] have right ventricular outflow tract gradients[RVOTO] exceeding 25 mmHg; only one patient has required reoperation for RVOTO. Mild neoaortic regurgitation is present in one patient. All survivors are currently in NYHA class I without medicalion, and all are in sinus rhythm. The ASO is associated with low operative risk and excellent medium-term outcome in most subsets of patients undergoing this operation. With more experience, improved results can be expected also in those patients currently at higher risk.