• 미국학
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.113-135
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• 2021

The Civil War is widely accepted as the single most meaningful event in American history that overcame the most fatal crisis of internal division of the nation with much success. That meaningfulness in turn glorifies the North's triumph over the South and justifies hierarchical differences between the two. Yet, as shown in the studies of Civil War literature, such glorification and justification relies too much on the North-centered historical paradigm. This essay aims to offer a way of rectifying it by examining a short story by one of the persistently obscured writers of the period: Elizabeth Stoddard. The essay follows the cue of Alice Fahs's cultural-studies methodology of using popular wartime periodicals as the main resource of the war literature, and reads Stoddard's "Sally's Choice" as one of the examples that expose the hegemonic bias inside the North-directed discourse of the time. This essay is expected to demonstrate the necessity of expanding and deepening our conception of 'literature,' 'the Civil War,' and 'Civil War literature' in an ever-flexible and ever-changeable manner.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.2492-2500
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 베트남전 참전 군인 중 고엽제 후유(의)증 환자와 한국전쟁 참전 상이군인을 대상으로 전반적인 심리적 특성을 파악하기 위해 로샤 검사를 실시하고 반응결과를 한국전 참전 재향 군인 집단과 비교분석하였다. 이를 위해 베트남 참전 군인 중 고엽제 후유의증 환자 20명과 한국전쟁 참전 재향군인 21명을 대상으로 개별적으로 로샤 검사를 실시했다. 각각의 변인들을 Exner 종합체계(2006)의 구조적 요약의 대표적 군집들을 중심으로 비교분석하였다. 즉 핵심영역, 반응결정인, 결정적 특수지표에서의 차이를 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 베트남 참전 집단은 6.25 참전집단에 비해 (1)인지적 경직성 (2) 문제해결에 있어서의 비효율성, (3)정서억압 (4)과잉경계 (5)불안 (6)우울 등의 가능성이 더 높은 것으로 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들은 베트남전쟁 참전 재향군인에서 과거 전쟁 경험에서의 정신적 외상과 관련된 후유증이 지속되고 있을 가능성을 보여주는 것이다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-54
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• 2021

1996년 12월 29일 과테말라 정부와 게릴라 단체인 "과테말라민족혁명연합"(Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemala: URNG) 지도자가 "과테말라평화협정"에 서명함으로써, 36년간(1960-1996) 과테말라에서 지속되었던 내전이 종식되었다. 36년 내전 동안에 사망자나 실종자는 20만 명에 이르렀고, 40만 명의 과테말라 인이 내전으로 인해서 과테말라를 떠났다. 1954년 6월 미국의 도움으로 과테말라에서 아르마스(Carlos Castillo Armas, 1954-1957)가 쿠데타를 일으켜서 당시의 아르벤즈(Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán, 1950-1954) 정부를 전복시켰다. 이후 아르마스는 과테말라의 대통령이 되었다. 1957년 아르마스는 암살되었고 1958년부터 보수 세력 출신인 이디고라스(Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, 1958-1963)가 대통령에 당선되면서 36년 동안의 내전이 시작되었다. 이디고라스는 미국기업의 이익을 위한 미국의 꼭두각시 대통령으로 평가되었다. 과테말라의 36년간 내전은 이디고라스 정부에서 시작되었지만, 보다 근본적으로 보자면 1954년 쿠데타가 36년간 내전의 원인이라 볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 과테말라에서 1954년에 발생한 쿠데타의 배경과 특징을 살펴보는 것이다.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.41-67
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• 2011

El Salvador had suffered some 75,000 casualties, mostly civilian, from violent civil conflict(1980-92). In 1992, after negotiations, the government and FMLN signed a historic comprehensive peace accord which brought an end to the war and instituted wide-reaching political and social reforms. Many scholars call it as Transitional Justice in El Salvador. Transitional Justice in El salvador has had two identifiable stages. In the First stage, institutional reforms, such as DDR(disarmament, demobilization, reintegration), and a truth commission were implemented. The second phase corresponds to the period subsequent to the truth commission report, with the failure to implement the commission's recommendations, including those related to reparations and justice. This essay explain how was transitional justice in El salvador different from the other cases, and what was the purpose of extraordinary transitional justice in El Salvador. In detail, the first section of this essay examines the history of the civil war and peace process in El Salvador, and then explores the relationships between cold war and transitional justice in El Salvador. Finally, this essay suggests that truth commission's mandate which investigate 'serious acts of violence that have occurred since 1980' was very important role to accomplish peace and transitional justice in El Salvador.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-51
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• 2018

This paper focuses on historical instances of iconoclasm after the Reformation to reveal how iconoclasm had greatly contributed to the formation of the Protestant mindset in the early modern times. During the English civil war, when iconoclastic campaigns and movements were in full tide, the paper argues that the notions of novelty and progress were more positively accepted among radical religious groups. To put it in another way, the paper suggests a different way of looking the formation of Protestant habitus by giving accounts of how iconoclastic impulses spurred diverse religious groups during the civil war to break the mold of conservative thinking and to revolutionize the print culture hitherto based on patronage and served as a buttress for status-quo. From this analysis, then, we are ledto the different portrait of the protestant in the seventeenth century, whose mindset was not quite as solitary and guilt ridden as Max Weber would have us believe.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권8호
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• pp.169-238
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• 2010

The year 2010 is the 60th anniversary commemorating the Korean War. China intervened in the Korean War with the logics such as "To Resist the U.S.'s Aggression and Aid North Korea," "Save Endangered Home & defend Nation," and "If the Lips Are Gone, the Teeth Will Be Exposed to the Cold or If One of Them Falls, the Other is in Danger." However, China had a deep and long connection with North Korea through 1st Chinese Civil War, war against Japan imperialism, and 2nd Chinese Civil War. China has consulted with Kim Il-sung on his invasion of South Korea at the initial stage of development and played a casting vote role in the execution of the invasion plan. During the Korean War, the PLA supported the North Korea's regime by its action, and made the Korea Peninsula divide into two semi-permanently. Even after the war, China continues to maintain relations with North Korea by helping North Korea build the Kim Il-sung's Kingdom. Currently, whenever any issue related to North Korea rises in the international society, China definitely gets involved in those issues and exercises its power. Conditionally 'either armed aggression or, and wartime' in North Korea, China would follow the "Clause of Military Auto Intervention." In addition, China is very likely to establish refugee camps for North Koreans in the Northeastern-Three-Province and to provide rear bases or guerrilla camps for pro-Chinese sects. Furthermore, voluntarily playing a role as spokesman of North Korean Regime in the international society, China will exercise enormous influence on the reunification of the Korean Peninsula.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

The military remains have a social and historic value in holding up a true mirror to modern history of war and suffering, and will be used for historic place in Korea. This study is to research these modern military remains as cultural properties in Korea. They are classified with three types, namely military sites, installations of civil structures and buildings. The military remains have the historic sites of the righteous army and Korean war, and most of them are battle fields located in a mountainous area rather than urban area. There are fortresses, bridges and tunnels, and watchtowers of civil structures. The fortresses were constructed with Japanese military installations in the end of the Pacific War, and are most located in Sangmo-ri, Daejeong-eup, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, Korea. The bridges were to be destroyed and constructed during the war, and the watchtowers as military defence were to be constructed in inland area. There are arsenals, barracks, and headquarters of buildings. The weapon factory of Gigiguk (arsenal bureau) constructed in the late 19th century are present, and also the army training center, barracks, and church, etc are in Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, Korea. There are old headquarters constructed in 1910s at Jinhae Gyeongnam, and buildings to testify about the horrors of the Korean war around Cheorwon, Gangwon.

• 영미문화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.49-72
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• 2010

As the first of Philip Roth's recent series of novels that delve into American Cold War history deeply entwined with the post-war Jewish American experience, American Pastoral traces the tragic fall of a third-generation Jewish American named Seymour "Swede" Levov, whose dream of complete assimilation to the post-ethnic American paradise is irrecoverably disrupted when his young daughter blows up the local post office to protest against the Vietnam War. This essay proposes to examine Swede Levov's interrupted pursuit of the American dream by locating it within specific Cold War contexts and national imaginaries propagated particularly during the years from John F. Kennedy to Lyndon B. Johnson. In so doing, I will argue that Roth presents a paradoxical vision of Jewish American identity that could be acquired by performing perpetual self-effacement and submergence into the non-place of anonymity and doubleness, a mythic location of the post-ethnic Cold War American family. Levov's life becomes true part of the mythic narrative of American history when he realizes that his life, just like the nation's history, is a series of temporalities radically discontinued without any manageable detour ot divine bypass to cross over. Rather than indicating Roth's retraction from the postmodern understanding of subjectivity, the novel's historical realism, I will argue, serves to illuminate the postmodern conditions of American Cold War history and ethnic identity.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.179-197
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• 2004

이라크 전에서도 알 수 있듯이, 현대전에서 항공력은 신속성과 정확성이라는 특성으로 매우 큰 파괴력을 지니고 군사작전의 필수요소이다. 그러므로 향상된 공군 전력은 평시에 전쟁을 억지하는 핵심 전력이 된다. 또한 항공산업은 국가의 중추 미래산업으로서 그 중요성이 날로 증대하고 있다. 따라서 제한된 항공 자원을 국가 이익에 최대한으로 부합시키기 위해서 민간항공 정책 부서인 건교부와 국가 안보를 책임지는 국방부와의 유기적이고 상시적인 협력체계가 필요하다. 이는 평시에 국가 방위를 저해하지 않는 범위 내에서 민간항공 산업을 증진시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색 할 수 있고, 또한 유사시에 국가 항공 자원이 효과적으로 국가 방위 임무에 부합하도록 전활 될 수 있는 체계를 구축할 수 있다. 분단된 좁은 국토에서 북한과 대치하고 있는 우리로서 항공산업의 진흥을 통한 국가 경쟁력 강화와 군 작전의 효율성 보장 및 전력 강화라는 두가지 과제를 갈등과 상충이 아닌 조화와 태협을 통해 성취할 수 있는방안을 모색해야 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1501-1509
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• 2017

야구선수들의 능력을 측정하는 많은 세이버메트릭스 통계량들 중에서 대체선수대비승수 (WAR)은 가장 많이 사용되는 통계량이다. WAR의 장점은 투수와 타자처럼 서로 다른 포지션임에도 불구하고 선수들의 WAR을 비교할 수 있다는 점이다. 하지만 WAR은 복잡한 형태로 일반적으로 제공되는 기록만으로 구하기 어렵다. 따라서 지난 연구 (Lee와 Kim, 2016)에서는 2013-2015년 KBG 기록을 바탕으로 WAR에 가장 근접한 타자의 타격능력지수를 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 모형을 바탕으로 2016년 KBO 데이터를 적용하여 2016년 최고타자를 선출하고, BAI에 따른 타자들의 전체 순위를 살펴보았다. 그리고 죄근 선수를 평가함에 있어 가장 각광받고 있는 WAR과 BAI의 비교를 통해 BAI가 매우 뛰어남을 확인하였다.