• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.371-378
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of childhood obesity, the association between the undesirable lifestyles and socioeconomic factors, the association between childhood obesity and various risk factors, including socioeconomic factors, and the agreement between the body mass index (BMI) classification and the body fat percentage. Methods: The study subjects were all the 5th grade students from all the elementary schools in Gunpo City, Kyunggi Province, South Korea (4043 children at 22 schools). The subjects were measured for their height, weight and percent body fat etc. and they were also surveyed by questionnaire from March 18th to April 25th, 2005. To determine whether the children were within normal limits or not, standardized BMIs for each age group were used. The data was analyzed by logistic regression analysis using SAS 9.0 version. Results: The prevalence of childhood obesity prevalence was 25.1 %. Boys had a higher prevalence of obesity (27.5%) than did the girls (22.5%). Children had tendencies of having undesirable lifestyles and getting obese if they had a lower socioeconomic status. The risk factors for childhood obesity were low paternal education (OR: 1.17, 95% CI : 0.97-1.42) and non-parental caregivers (OR: 1.34, 95% CI : 0.98-1.82). Other risk factors for childhood obesity were a high birth-weight, longer TV/computer-using time, a lower fruit-eating frequency, short sleeping hours and parental obesity. The agreement rate between the BMI classification and the body fat percentage was 93.1 %. Conclusions: This study showed the children had a higher prevalence of obesity: further, not only individual lifestyles, but also socioeconomic factors could influence childhood obesity. Childhood obesity was especially more problematic for children with a low socioeconomic status.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.233-243
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• 2020

This study determined the relationship between organizational conflicts and job satisfaction of administrative staff members employed in university hospitals. The sample consisted of 232 hospital administrators working at four different college hospitals located in D city. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire during the period from January 10th 2019 to February 15th 2019. As a result of the study, the job satisfaction levels were significantly different according to age, education, BMI, subjective sleep evaluation, subjective health status, job position, monthly income, physical burden of work, sense of satisfaction at work, fit to the job and consideration to quit the job. The job satisfaction levels according to the organizational conflicts were significantly lower with higher organizational conflicts. Further, the job satisfaction level showed a significant negative correlation with organizational conflicts. The risk ratio of lower job satisfaction significantly increased for the group with higher organizational conflict scores than that of the group with lower organizational conflict scores. The results suggest that job satisfaction of administrative staff at university hospitals is significantly related with organizational conflicts. It is necessary to present specific measures to resolve conflicts within an organization in order to enhance job satisfaction for administrative staff at university hospitals.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.31-40
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• 2013

Purpose - The Northeast Asian Logistic Hub strategy was established to create a national competitive advantage in northeast Asia. Countries in this region are competing fiercely to become the central base distribution port as the volume of container shipping continues to increase due to the northeast Asian (especially Chinese) economic growth. The primary method by which shippers are improving their customer service and distribution is enhancing profits by minimizing call ports on the key route through strategic affiliations and the use of large vessels. Each nation is planning large-scale investments in the construction of sea ports that can accommodate large vessels. This paper proposes ways by which the logistical strategies of domestic corporations can keep pace with changes in government policy concerning the Northeast Asian Business Hub policy. It examines the logistics system in the Northeast Asian region, analyzes the government's Northeast Asian Business Hub policy, and suggests logistical strategies for domestic corporations through an analysis based on a questionnaire designed to grasp domestic firms' needs and goals. Research design, data and methodology - The purpose of this study is to determine how shipping companies establish partnerships with third-party logistics providers and draws out the implications of the results. The survey methods used were personal interviews and questionnaires distributed to a sample population through e-mail, fax, mail, and telephone. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, of which 165 were returned. Among these, ten were excluded due to insufficient content; ultimately, 155 were used for the sample. The statistical data collection process was analyzed through data coating and a statistical package program. Results - This study argues that greater flexibility in policies, administration, and systems will be needed to significantly improve established business practices. In this dissertation, we primarily identify that in order to become a center of northeast Asian logistics, Korea must adopt a new paradigm and abandon the existing systems that are based on the economic and social systems that have stemmed from bureaucracy, inflexibility, chauvinism, and equalitarianism. Flexible policies, administration, and systems will be necessary to improve business practices. Domestic corporations must establish a strategic logistics hub and related network while simultaneously pursuing value-added logistics businesses by increasing their manpower and building a logistics information system. This will strengthen their competitive edge and lead to system improvements. Conclusions - Domestic corporations must adopt a new paradigm and use more reasonable business laws, systems, and policies that are based on market-driven flexibility and transparency. Moreover, social norms and regulations should be established to help ensure political and social security. Korea must also develop a culture of tolerance for foreign companies. Finally, the paradigm defining the policy governing the development of the capital city and its satellite cities in this context must be changed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.433-442
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• 2020

This study established the relationship between job stress and burn-out syndrome of firefighters. The research targets were 582 firefighters who worked at five fire stations in the D metropolitan city. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire during the period from July 1st 2019 to September 30, 2019. On the correlation analysis, burn-out showed a significant positive correlation with job stress. On the results of the logistic regression anaylsis, the risk ratio of high levels of burn-out was significantly higher in the very high stress groups than that in the groups with low job stress. According to the multiple regression analysis, the factors having an influence on burn-out were gender, age, the specific level of job career, shift work, the physical burden of work, the sense of satisfaction with the work, consideration for quitting the job and job stress. These findings suggest that the job stress of firefighters is closely related to burn-out. This demands the development and implementation of programs that can properly control and curb the factors of job-stress.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.111-120
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• 2020

This study examined the factors affecting the readmission of patients with liver cirrhosis, and focused on self-care, social support, and drinking refusal self-efficacy. The subjects were 75 cirrhosis patients who were admitted to medium-sized hospitals at S-city for two months from May 2019 to June 2019. The data was analyzed with the SPSS (Version 25) program, and logistic regression analysis was performed on the factors affecting readmission. The results were self-care (27.49±0.53 out of 60), social support (52.80±16.44 out of 90), and drinking refusal self-efficacy (42.39±22.76 out of 80). The readmission method was classified into planned and unplanned admissions. Unplanned readmission was found to differ depending on the drinking experience (OR: 4.16) and the presence of complications (OR: 5.11) within a month of discharge rather than that of the planned readmissions, accounted for 19.7%. It will be very important to reduce the occurrence of complications by early management of patients with cirrhosis, and increase the drinking refusal self-efficacy, and so reduce unplanned readmission and prevent the progression and deterioration of cirrhosis. The drinking experience and the occurrence of complications can be reduced through interventions that increase self-care, social support, and drinking refusal self-efficacy. Nursing interventions are needed to prevent patients with cirrhosis from drinking and to manage the complications due to relapse into alcoholism.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.341-350
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• 2011

This study aims at providing basic data on organ donation by analyzing factors of influencing toward intention to organ donation and further at improving people's consciousness on organ donation, subject to citizens of Busan City. The data was collected for 47 days from 14 July to 31 August, 2009. Among a total of 2200 cases of the questionaries, only 2042 cases were used. For data analysis, SPSS 17.0 was used, and for the specific analysis method frequency analysis to understand general characteristics of the participants. In addition, examination on T-test and ANOVA analysis were conducted after analyzing the factors for participants' consciousness on organ donation, and logistic regression analysis for understanding of relations between participants' will to donate organs and general characteristics. The results of this study are summarized as follows; First, among the participants, those who have heard about organ donations were 71.6%. Second, the factors that general characteristics influence on the attitudes towards organ donation include gender, chronic diseases or incurable diseases in the respondents or their family, religion, acceptive attitude factor, exclusive attitude factor and positive attitude factor towards organ donation. Based on the results, in order to raise people's consciousness on organ donation and form social sympathy, more than anything else, public mass media like broadcasting is important. In addition, as organ donation centers and related institutions prepare nationwide events, we should endeavor to prepare the opportunities in various ways to converse people's consciousness on organ donation and further put organ donation into practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.362-373
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between interest in smoking cessation and factors that define this interest. The study subjects were 593 male civil servants who work at D metropolitan city and were smokers at the time of the survey. The research method was a survey using a self-administered questionnaire in October 2015. Interest in smoking cessation of study subjects showed that 28.3% had no interest in smoking cessation, 45.7% were interested in smoking cessation, but had no intention to quit within six months, and 26.0% were interested in smoking cessation and intended to quit within six months. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the factors influencing interest in smoking cessation with explanatory powers of 23.6% were employment type, age when first starting smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, time from when you wake up until you smoke your first cigarette, recognition of susceptibility to lung cancer, and benefits to smoking cessation. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio of recognition of susceptibility for lung cancer, benefits to smoking cessation, and barriers to smoking cessation were significantly increased in the group with interest in smoking cessation and intention to quit within six months vs. the group with no interest in smoking cessation. Taken together, these results suggest that cancer prevention due to smoking and awareness of the seriousness of health problems caused by smoking were factors increasing interest in smoking cessation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.2 s.38
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• pp.148-156
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• 1992

A case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between blood cadmium, blood zinc and cadmium/zinc ratio and hypertension. Eighty-three hypertensive and seventy-seven normotensive study subjects matched for age and sex were selected from the workers who had no history of job-related cadmium exposure, in Ulsan city and it's vincinity, Korea. The blood cadmium in hypertensive group was $2.90{\eta}g/mL$, which was significantly higher than that of control group, $1.99{\eta}g/mL$(P<0.01). After stratifing for smoking and age variables, the relationship was still remained. The blood cadmium/zinc ratio in hypertensive group was 2.46, which was significantly higher than that of control group, 1.65(P<0.01), After stratifing for smoking and age variables, the relationship was still remained. There was no significant differance in blood zinc between hypertensive and control group. On multiple logistic regression analysis, the blood cadmium/zinc ratio is highly significant than blood cadmium. In conclusion, there is the possible relationship between blood cadmium level which has been known to be within normal limits and hypertension. But, futrher cohort studies to define the effect of cadmium on human hypertension are required.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.298-304
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the association of blood pressure levels with the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and carotid plaques. Methods : Data were obtained from 2,635 subjects, aged 50 years and over, who participated in the Community Health Survey (a population-based, cross-sectional study) in Dong-gu, Gwangju city between 2007 and 2008. Participants were categorized into three groups according to blood pressure levels; normotensives (<120/80 mmHg), prehypertensives (120-139/80-89 mmHg), and hypertensives ($\geq$140/90 mmHg). Prehypertensives were further categorized as low prehypertensives (120-129/80-84 mmHg) and high prehypertensives (130-139/85-89 mmHg). Carotid intima-media thickness and plaques were evaluated with a high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test, ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression. Results : Prehypertensives had significantly greater maximal CCA-IMT values than normotensives, with a multivariate adjusted odds ratio of 1.78 (95% CI=1.36-2.32) for abnormal CCA-IMT (maximal CCA-IMT$\geq$1.0 mm), and 1.45 (95% CI=1.19-1.77) for carotid plaques. The multivariate adjusted odds ratio of low prehypertensives was 1.64 (95% CI=1.21-2.21) for abnormal CCA-IMT, and 1.30 (95% CI=1.04-1.63) for carotid plaques compared with normotensives. Subject with hypertension had higher frequency of abnormal CCA-IMT (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% CI=1.49-3.18), and carotid plaques (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% CI=1.46-2.67) compared with normotensives after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions : Our results indicate that there is a significant increase in the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with prehypertension (even in low prehypertensives) compared with normotensive subjects. Further studies are required to confirm the benefits and role of carotid ultrasonography in persons with prehypertension.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1373-1377
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• 2016

Background: We vigorously reviewed patients' operation record who had adhesion of the Denonvilliers' fascia and found out most of these patients had prostatic bleeding after prostatic gland biopsies. We examined the magnitude of prostatic bleeding and frequency after biopsies and the relationship with oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 285 patients were selected for the final analyses. Inclusion criteria were as follows: receiving MRI three weeks after biopsiesand laparoscopic radical prostatectomy within 300 days after biopsy. We divided the patients into two groups with (group A) or without (group B) prostatic bleeding. We examined the magnitude of prostatic bleeding after biopsies and the relationship with operation time (OT), positive surgical margin (PSM), biochemical recurrence (BCR) and other factors. Furthermore, we created a logistic-regression model to derive a propensity score for prostatic bleeding after biopsies, which included all patient and hospital characteristics as well as selected interaction terms, and we examined the relationship with PSM and BCR. Results: In all patients, the OT in the group B was shorter than the group A (p < 0.001). Prostatic bleeding was associated with PSM (p=0.000) and BCR (p=0.036). In this propensity-matched cohort, 11 of 116 patients in the group B had PSM as compared with 36 of 116 patients from group A (match-adjusted odds ratio, 4.30; 95%CI confidence interval, 2.06 to 8.96; P=0.000). In addition, eight of 116 patients in group B encountered BCR, as compared with 18 of 116 patients in group A (match-adjusted odds ratio, 2.48; 95%CI, 1.03 to 5.96; P=0.042). Kaplan-Meier analysis in the propensity matching cohort showed a significant biochemical recurrence-free survival advantage for being free of prostate bleeding after biopsies. Conclusions: Our findings in the present cohort should help equip surgeons to pay attention to careful excision especially for those who experienced deferred prostatic bleeding.