• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

양송이 수확후 배지에서 분리한 Pantoea rodasill LH-1와 Burkholderia stabilis HS-7간의 단일 접종 및 동시접종에 따른 인산가용화능과 상추생육효과를 조사하였다. NBRIP액체 배지에 분리균을 접종하고 배지에 함유된 인산칼슘으로부터 해리된 가용인산(soluble phosphorus)함량을 측정한 결과, P. rodasill LH-1는 $736.59{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, B. stabilis HS-7은 $743.90{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, 그리고 B. stabilis HS-7와 P. rodasill LH-1을 동시 접종한 배지는 $783.41{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$로 가장 높았지만 유의수준의 시너지 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 배지 내pH는 초기 pH 7.0에서 배양 3일 후 모든 접종구에서 pH 4.3수준으로 감소하였으며, 또한 배지 내 잔류 당 감소율은 P. rodasill LH-1 31.7%, B. stabilis HS-7은 53.7%, 동시 접종한 배지에서는 87.1%로 가장 높은 감소율을 나타냈다. 분리균에 의해 생성한 배지 내유기산을 분석한 결과, gluconic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, citric acid 이 검출되었으며, 이 중 citric acid가 주요 유기산으로 동시 접종한 배지에서 $0.96mg\;mL^{-1}$로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 상추 재배 실험결과 동시 접종구가 대조구에 비해 잎의 길이는 7.7%, 뿌리길이는 15.5% 생육증진효과를 보였다. 이 결과들을 바탕으로 B. stabilis HS-7 와 Pantoea rodasill LH-1이 동시접종에 의해 유의수준의 인산가용화 시너지 효과는 관찰되지 않았지만, 무 접종구에 비하여 배지 내 인산가용화능과 작물의 생장이 크게 촉진되는 결과를 보임으로서 인산가용화균을 이용한 미생물 비료의 공급으로 염류집적토양의 인산가용화능과 작물의 생육을 향상시킬 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 야생 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y28을 이용하여 참다래-대봉감 혼합과실주 제조를 위해 과즙의 효소 처리 조건 확립, 참다래-대봉감 비율별 알코올 발효 특성 및 향기성분 분석을 조사하였다. 최적 효소 처리 조건은 참다래는 0.3%, 1시간이었고 대봉감은 0.3%, 3시간이었다. 참다래-대봉감 혼합과실주의 pH는 발효 후 3.69-3.77로 거의 변화가 없었고, 산도는 발효 후 증가하여 1.51-2.07%로 있었으나, 대봉감 첨가량이 증가할수록 산도는 낮았다. Brix 및 환원당은 발효 후 감소하여 각각 $8.8-9.6^{\circ}brix$ 및 6.07-6.90 g/L 있었다. 혼합과일주의 주요 유기산은 tartaric acid, malic acid 및 citric acid 있었고, 유리당 sucrose 및 glucose은 미량 검출되었다. 발효 후 수용성 phenolics 함량 감소하고 상대적으로 갈변도는 증가하여 각각 1.00-1.25 g/L 및 0.212-0.412 수준이었다. 주요 향기성분으로 ethyl acetate와 hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl가 있으며 장미와 유사한 향을 가지는 phenylethyl alcohol 또한 모든 시료에서 검출되었다. 관능평가 결과, 참다래:대봉감(7:3) 혼합과실주가 다른 비율 혼합과실주보다는 기호성이 약간 우수하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

Bacrillus sp. b01 균주를 사용한 청국장 제조 시 yucca 추출물의 첨가가 청국장의 숙성에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 청국장 숙성 과정중의 아미노태 질소, 암모니아태 질소, amylase 활성, protease 활성, 유기산 및 향기성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 청국장 숙성 중 yucca 첨가구에서 아미노태 질소 함량은 증가하였으며, 암모니아태 질소는 감소하였다. Amylase 활성은 yucca 첨가구들이 대조구와 비교 시 높게 나타났지만 yucca 추출물을 1 mg/g 첨가 시 감소함을 보였다. Protease 활성은 yucca 추출물 첨가구가 무 첨가구보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 청국장에서의 유기산을 citric acid, acetic acid, malic acid가 검출되었고, yucca 첨가구에서 대조구에 비하여 그 함량이 다소 높았다. 또한 yucca 추출물 첨가 시 2,5-dimethylpyrazine과 2,6-dimethylpyrazine은 증가하였고, tetramethylpyrazine이 숙성 기간 중 감소함을 보였다. 관능검사에서도 yucca 추출물 0.5 mg/g을 첨가시 무 첨가구보다 유의적으로 맛과 향이 우수하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1050-1057
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• 1997

Microbial counts, enzyme activities and taste components of traditional kochujangs prepared with the powders from 4 different varieties of red pepper, were investigated during 90 days fermentation for the industrial production of traditional kochujang. The viable cell counts of anaerobic bacteria in kochujangs did not change remarkably during fermentation, however, aerobic bacterial counts showed a rapid increase up to 90 days of aging. The yeasts in all kochujang samples increased until 60 days of aging and than decreased. After 90 days of aging, the count of aerobic bacteria in Kumtop kochujang was higher than those of others. The activities of liquefying amylase decreased during the aging, but those of saccharogenic amylase increased at 60 days of aging. The activities of neutral protease were higher than those of acidic protease, and increased during the middle and last period of aging. The major free sugars of kochujang were maltose and glucose, and their contents were higher in Hongkwang kochujang. The major organic acids of kochujang were succinic, formic and citric acid, followed by lactic acid. Succinic acid content in kochujang decreased during fermentation, whereas formic and citirc acids were increased. The major free amino acids were serine, proline, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine. Kumtop kochujang contained the highest amount of total free amino acids. Among the nucleotides and related components in kochujang, cytidine-5-monophosphate was the most abundant component at the begining of aging period, while hypoxanthine increased remarkably during fermentation. Hanwang kochujang was higher in the content of nucleotides than others. Capsaicin contents of kochujang decreased during aging and those of Jangter kochujang was higher than that of others. Sensory evaluation showed that Jangter kochujang was significantly better than Kumtop kochujang in overall acceptability, but there were no appreciable differences in color and flavor.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권4호
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• pp.436-444
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• 1991

이 연구(硏究)는 참나무류(類) 목재(木材)(수피(樹皮)포함)를 핀칩(pinchip)과 톱밥으로 만들어 이용(利用)하므로 목재 이용율(利用率)을 80%이상으로 활용할 수 있으며 이것에 표고버섯균의 활성(活性)을 조장(助長)시켜 버섯을 보다 효율적(效率的)으로 증수(增收)하고 가축(家畜)의 조사료(粗飼料)로 버섯재배 폐잔사(廢殘査)를 볏짚과 대체가능성(代替可能性)을 조사(調査) 연구(硏究)한 것이다. 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 참나무류 칩을 이용한 버섯재배에서 버섯의 품질(品質)을 높이는 방법(方法)으로 유기산(有機酸)(탄닌산, 구연산)을 배양기(培養基)에 첨가(添加)하는 것은 균사발율(菌絲發育)과 품질(品質)에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 참나무류 칩이나 톱밥 재배는 종균(種菌) 접종(接種) 후(後) 6개월부터 제1차기 버섯수확(收穫)이 가능하면서 품질(品質)에서도 각처리구간(各處理區間)에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 목재(木材)의 조단백질 함양은 0.7%인데 버섯재배 잔사는 1.82-4.55%까지 향상되었으며 총가소화(總可消化) 영양소율(營養素率)도 버섯재배잔사는 44.0-46.0%로 향상되어 볏짚 48.0%와 유의차(有意差)가 없었다. 4. 잔사중에 함유된 필수아미노산 함량을 조사한 바, 탄닌산처리 핀칩 및 톱밥잔사는 methionine이 그리고 무처리 핀칩 및 톱밥잔사의 경우는 isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine 등이 비교구에 비하여 증가하였다. 반면에 threonine, valine, arginine 등은 비교구에 비하여 감소 추세였으며 특히 폐골목에서는 더욱 심한 현상을 보여주었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2018

The main objective of this experiment was to investigate effects of two different feeding systems on body weight, milk yield, milk composition, and mineral and fatty acids content of Holstein dairy cows' milk. Sixteen of 25 months-old Holstein dairy cows were assigned to two groups (n=8) to study effects of the feeding system for 150 days. Two feeding systems were compared for five months; Group 1 was housed indoors and mainly fed a concentrate diet, Group 2 was maintained outdoors for five-seven hours/day on various kinds grass in a pasture. The experiment was conducted June-October 2017. Results revealed the indoor-fed cows had higher body weight, that was significant compared with the outdoor-based feeding system of Holstein dairy cows (p<0.05). Indoor-raised milking cows had higher milk yield (32.45 kg) as compared with pasture-raised milk yield (26.44 kg). Cows fed indoors significantly increased milk yield, total protein content, lactose, citric acid level, and lowered level of total solid and free fatty acids relative to the pasture-fed milking cows (p>0.05). There were higher levels of mineral content and fatty acid content in the milk of indoor-fed dairy cows than the pasture-raised dairy cows (p>0.05). Our study results demonstrated the potential benefits of the indoor feeding system for increased body weight, milk yield, mineral and fatty acids content summer through autumn when low pasture growth rates and quality may otherwise limit production.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.479-487
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• 2016

본 연구는 미숙과 '백가하' 매실의 저장성 향상을 위한 1-MCP 및 에틸렌 흡착제의 효과를 조사하였다. 매실을 선별 후 Plastic-box(Cont), LDPE 필름포장(Cont-P) 및 에틸렌 흡착제(Cont-PE)를 첨가 후 포장하였으며, 1-MCP 처리구는 1.0 ppm 농도를 24시간 처리 후 동일한 방법(MCP-P, MCP-PE)으로 포장하여 $1^{\circ}C$에서 8주간 저장하며 2주 간격으로 품질특성을 분석하였다. 중량감소율의 경우 포장처리구는 저장 중 중량감소율이 1% 이하였으며, 가용성 고형분 함량은 증가 후 감소하였으나, 총산도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 대조구의 부패율은 저장 4주차에 80%를 나타내었으나, 포장구들은 6주차까지 10%이하를 나타내었다. 저장 8주차 MCP-P구는 5%를 나타낸 반면, 이외 처리구들은 46%이상의 부패율을 나타내었다. 저장기간이 길어질수록 L값은 감소하였으나, a값은 증가하였으며, 과피 및 과육의 경도는 지속적으로 감소하였다. 호흡률은 저장 중 증가하였으나 처리구별 유의적 차이는 없었으며, 에틸렌 발생량은 1-MCP처리 직후 $0.02{\mu}L/kg/h$을 나타내어 대조구 $0.05{\mu}L/kg/h$h 보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 저장 4주차까지 1-MCP처리구의 에틸렌 발생량은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 유기산 함량의 경우 저장 중 oxalic acid 및 malic acid는 감소하는 반면 citric acid는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유리당 함량의 경우 sucrose는 저장 중 증가 후 8주차에 감소하는 반면 glucose 및 fructose 함량은 지속적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과는 미숙과 '백가하' 매실을 1-MCP 처리 후 밀봉하여 $1^{\circ}C$에서 저장 할 경우 8주 동안 선도유지가 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2011

Cryopreservation protocols induce partially irreversible damage to mammalian sperm plasma membranes. Previous studies have indicated that adding cholesterol to the plasma membrane, as cholesterol-loaded-cyclodextrins, improves cryosurvival of sperm. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if treating sperm of Markhoz bucks with cholesterol-loaded-cyclodextrins (CLC) (0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3 mg/ml diluted $240{\times}10^6$ sperm/ml) in Tris-citric acid-glucose diluents with and without egg yolk (containing 5% glycerol) would improve the post-thaw sperm quality. The motion characteristics were evaluated with a Computer Assisted System Analyzer (CASA); acrosome integrity and vitality were measured with the triple-stain technique. Samples were recovered before and after freezing by means of putting straws into $37^{\circ}C$ water for 30 sec and then parameters were assessed. The results showed that the treatments significantly affected motility, progressive motility, recovery rate, curvilinear velocity, beat cross frequency, live sperm with reacted acrosome, live sperm with unreacted acrosome, dead sperm with reacted acrosorne, and dead sperm with unreacted acrosome during freezing (p<0.05). However; no significant differences were found for average path velocity, straight line velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement, straightness and linearity (p>0.05). The best results were observed for extender containing 2.25 mg/ml ($240{\times}10^6$ sperm/ml) CLC supplemented with 2.6% egg yolk. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate improved Markhoz sperm viability and motility following treatment in the presence of egg yolk.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.537-542
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• 2009

For a period of over 6 years, more than 160,000 milk samples were collected and analyzed to determine the influence of different seasonal temperatures and geographic regional location on milk composition in South Korea. Fat, protein, lactose, non fat milk solids (NFMS) and total solids (TS) contents were significantly higher among dairy cows milked in winter season than other seasons (p<0.05). In contrast, freezing point (FP), milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and somatic cell count (SCC) were significantly higher in summer season than other seasons (p<0.05). The average SCC in the autumn season was $358{\times}10^3$/ml, which was lower than any other seasons (p<0.05). These results may be due to the changes in temperature during different seasons. Meanwhile, milk produced by dairy cows in central region had higher fat, protein, lactose, NFMS, TS and MUN and had lower SCC compared to other regions (p<0.05). Fat, TS, FP, MUN and citric acid in northeast region were lower than other regions (p<0.05). The SCC was significantly higher in southeast region than those of other regions (p<0.05). As a result, it might be possible that the differences in feeding management in each different region may affect the milk composition. In conclusion, present results indicated that milk composition is clearly influenced by both season and regional location. Therefore, based on these results, development of different feeding systems, according to season and region is needed to produce high quality and satiable milk production.

• 운동과학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2017

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the Glycolysis mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) $Ca^{2+}$ signal regulates mitochondria $Ca^{2+}$ during skeletal muscle contraction by using glycolysis inhibitor. METHODS: To examine the effect of Glycolysis inhibitor on SR and mitochondria $Ca^{2+}$ content, we used skeletal muscle fiber from gastrocnemius muscle. 2-deoxy glucose and 3-bromo pyruvate used as glycolysis inhibitor, it applied to electrically stimulated muscle contraction experiment. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ content, SR, mitochondria $Ca^{2+}$ level and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was detected by confocal microscope. Mitochondrial energy metabolism related enzyme, citric acid synthase activity also examined for mitochondrial function during the muscle contraction. RESULTS: Treatment of 2-DG and 3BP decreased the muscle contraction induced SR $Ca^{2+}$ increase however the mitochondria $Ca^{2+}$ level was increased by treatment of inhibitors and showed and overloading as compared with the control group. Glycolysis inhibitor and thapsigargin treatment showed a significant decrease in MPP of skeletal muscle cells compared to the control group. CS activity significantly decreased after pretreatment of glycolysis inhibitor during skeletal muscle contraction. These results suggest that regulation of mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ levels by glycolysis is an important factor in mitochondrial energy production during skeletal muscle contraction CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that mitochondria $Ca^{2+}$ level can be regulated by SR $Ca^{2+}$ level and glycolytic regulation of intraocular $Ca^{2+}$ signal play pivotal role in regulation of mitochondria energy metabolism during the muscle contraction.