• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.211-220
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• 2022

This paper proposes a green closed-loop supply chain network (GCSN) for optimizing closed-loop supply chains. The GCSN focuses on the application of the recycling express box in logistics circulation, accelerates the standardization of logistics operations and the use of express packaging in e-commerce companies, and promotes the reduction and greening of recycling express box in the e-commerce industry. The GCSN is represented as a mathematical formulation and implemented using LINGO. Greening, environmental protection, and wisdom are the general trends for promoting the growth of the e-commerce industry. Meanwhile, the price of raw materials has increased owing to a shortage of resources, which emphasizes the need for e-commerce enterprises to develop green packaging. Therefore, this study considers the shared circular packaging launched by e-commerce enterprises as the research object, and integrates the problem of facility positioning and path planning in the logistics system. The conclusion summarizes the significance of this study.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.7-11
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of variability of training on the acquisition of motor skill of closed loop type tracking task using Rotary Pursuit, and to determine if there was a bilateral transfer effect to the non-dominant hand following practice with the dominant hand. Twelve healthy volunteer students (5 males and 7 females, aged 25 to 37) were randomly divided into a constant practice group and a variable practice group. A photoelectric rotary pursuit apparatus with stop clock and repeat cycle timer by Lafayette Instrumentation Co. was used for this study. Rotary pursuit is a closed loop task in which a subject attempts to keep a photoelectric stylus on a lighted target in motion. Subjects performed the clockwise circular pursuit task while standing. Experimental procedure was divided into three sessions, namely, pre-test, training, and post-test. The constant group practiced all 60 trials at 30 rpm. Variable practice group did a varied practice session with 15 trials at speeds of 20 rpm, 26 rpm, 34 rpm, and 46 rpm. No one in either group practiced with their non-dominant arm. A Mann-Whitney test and a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were used for statistical analyses. The results of this study showed no different training effect between groups on the post-test with the dominant hand. However, bilateral transfer effect of rotary pursuit task between hands was demonstrated. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.13-21
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• 2000

In this paper, we investigate the performance improvement by applying flow control to LonWorks-based network systems which support various communication media together with interpretable class of systems. To this end, we introduce a circular queue at each node of industrial network systems usually operated in open loop. Then we utilize the feedback information of the number of data in a queue, the data arriving interval in a queue and channel error to make the overall industrial network system in closed loop. We verify the improved performance of the network systems in view of throughput and fairness measures via the experimental results conducted in several field situation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2006

Helices 4 and 5 of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Ba $\delta$-endotoxin have been shown to be important determinants for mosquito-larvicidal activity, likely being involved in membrane-pore formation. In this study, the Cry4Ba mutant protein containing an additional engineered tryptic cleavage site was used to produce the $\alpha4$-$\alpha5$ hairpin peptide by an efficient alternative strategy. Upon solubilization of toxin inclusions expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequent digestion with trypsin, the 130-kDa mutant protoxin was processed to protease-resistant fragments of ca. 47, 10 and 7 kDa. The 7-kDa fragment was identified as the $\alpha4$-loop-$\alpha5$ hairpin via N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry, and was successfully purified by size-exclusion FPLC and reversed-phase HPLC. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, the 7-kDa peptide was found to exist predominantly as an $\alpha$-helical structure. Membrane perturbation studies by using fluorimetric calcein-release assays revealed that the 7-kDa helical hairpin is highly active against unilamellar liposomes compared with the 65-kDa activated full-length toxin. These results directly support the role of the $\alpha4$-loop-$\alpha5$ hairpin in membrane perturbation and pore formation of the full-length Cry4Ba toxin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2008

This study aims to identify the structure and system to make close relationship among planning elements, legal regulation and evaluation index toward sustainable development in the ecological housing estate. Through these close relationships the ecological housing estate could get more sustainability. With this consideration, this study consists of following three parts. First, we review the key issues of sustainability in ecological housing which are focused on the energy-efficient planning. Second, we extract the planning elements, legal regulation and evaluation index using the qualitative system dynamics that is found out all phenomenons from viewpoint of closed loop thinking and circular feedback system. Third, we analyse the correlationship among them in terms of energy efficient planning in the ecological housing estate. Finally, we summarize the findings toward sustainability in ecological housing estate through these analysis.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.130-135
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• 2000

To enhance heat transfer characteristics of water, fine ice was added to it. The convective heat transfer characteristics of the ice slurry were investigated in a flow loop with a constant heat flux test section. The Nusselt number and Fanning friction coefficient of water flow were found to be similar to the expected curve by Petukhov. The Nusselt number of the ice sin flow was higher than the Nusselt number of water. Effective thermal capacity of the 10.84% ice slurry was found to have 2.39 times of the thermal capacity of water.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.1146-1152
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• 2005

Now many metropolitan electric railways are being constructed on the metropolitan area. But railways now in service have some inefficiency. These railways are operated like subways, for example, all slow trains and fixed train set. So this paper proposes the methods of improvement. For making rapid train, it is showed ' philosophy of rapid train ' that makes rapid train to be main service. And for effective operation, it is introduced flexible train set and 'separation-unification operation'. And for smart railway tracks, it is introduced making loop track and direct connection track between radiating and circular railways. By these methods, a master plan of improvement of metropolitan electric railways is made and vision of the railways becomes common to passengers.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.771-781
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• 1998

A highly compact and thermally efficient water cooled oil cooler for automotive use without offset strip fin and casing is developed in this study. The study result has shown that eliminating the fin and casing in the oil cooler the manufacturing process and cost and can be simplified and reduced greatly without sacrificing the thermal capacity. The oil cooler developed in the study uses the dimply type heat transfer core element design instead of offset strip fin and eliminates the outer casing for coolant water flow by applying specially made parallel loop flow design. In the study the thermal design program for the present oil cooler also was developed and validated experimentally.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.277-282
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• 1996

An asymmetrical cross-coupled compensator to improve the contouring performance is proposed. This is a refinement of the structure suggested by Koren. The position loop is closed with a proportional controller as in the uncoupled system. An additional input term proportional to the component of the contour error along the corresponding axis Is included. The controller gains are chosen to give an appropriate frequency response and an optimum range for the damping ratio. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is studied by means of digital simulations of the dynamics of the drives and the controller for 3 types of command trajectories; straight line contour, cornering contour, circular contour. Substantial improvement in contouring performance is obtained for a range of contouring conditions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07b
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• pp.431-433
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• 1997

In this paper, we consider the robust pole assignment inside the circular region for linear systems with time-varing uncertainty. The considered uncertainties are the norm bounded uncertainty and the matrix polytopes type uncertainty. Since the considered uncertainties are time-varying, it should remind that the closed loop system be time-varing system. Therefore, we should consider not only the pole assignment but also the stability. We present new conditions that guarantee the robust pole assignment and the robust stability. Finally, we show the usefulness of our results by an example.