• 제목/요약/키워드: chromosomal aberration assay

검색결과 81건 처리시간 0.02초

Antimutagenic Effects of Ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ in the CHO-K1 Cells by Benzo[a]pyrene with Chromosomal Aberration Test and Comet Assay

  • Kim, Jong-Kyu;Kim, Soo-Jin;Rim, Kyung-Taek;Cho, Hae-Won;Kim, Hyeon-Yeong;Yang, Jeong-Sun
    • Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.126-132
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    • 2009
  • The usage and types of chemicals are advancing, specializing, large-scaled increasing, and new chemical exposed workers are concerning to occupational disease. The generation of reactive oxygen in the body from carcinogen, mutation and DNA damage in cancer is protected by natural antioxidants (phytochemicals) with antimutagenic effect. There were many reports of ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ grievances of the genetic mutation to suppress the effect confirm the genetic toxicity test with chromosomal aberration test and the Comet (SCGE) assay confirmed the suppression effect occurring chromosomal DNA damage. We had wanted to evaluate the compatibility and sensitivity between the chromosomal aberration (CA) test and the Comet assay. We used the CA test and Comet assay to evaluate the anti-genotoxicity of ginsenoside Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$, in CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast) cell in vitro, composed negative control (solvent), positive control (benzo[a]pyrene), test group (carcinogen+variety concentration of ginsenoside) group. The positive control was benzo[a]pyrene (50 $\mu$M), well-known carcinogen, and the negative control was the 1 % DMSO solvent. The test group was a variety concentration of ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ with 10$^{-8}$%, 10$^{-6}$%, 10$^{-4}$%, 10$^{-2}$%, 1%, 10%. In chromo-somal aberration test, we measured the number of cells with abnormally structured chromosome. In Comet assay, the Olive tail moment (OTM) and Tail length (TL) values were measured. The ratio of cell proliferation was increased 8.3% in 10$^{-8}$%, 10$^{-6}$%, 10$^{-4}$%, 10$^{-2}$%, 1%, 10% Rb$_1$ treated groups, and increased 10.4% in 10$^{-10}$%, 10$^{-8}$%, 10$^{-6}$%, 10$^{-4}$%, 10$^{-2}$%, 1% Rg$_1$ treated groups. In the CA test, the number of chromosomal aberration was decreased all the Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$ treated groups. In the Comet assay, the OTM values were decreased in all the Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$ treated groups. To evaluate the compatibility between CA and Comet assay, we compared the reducing ratio of chromosomal abnormalities with its OTM values, it was identified the antimutagenicity of ginsenoside, but it was more sensitive the CA test than the Comet assay. Ginsenoside Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$ significantly decrease the number of cells with chromosomal aberration, and decrease the extent of DNA migration. Therefore, ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ are thought as an antioxidant phytochemicals to protect mutagenicity. The in vitro Comet assay seems to be less sensitive than the in vitro chromosomal aberration test.

감마선조사 새우젓의 유전독성학적 안전성평가 (Genotoxicological Safety of Gamma Irradiated Salted and Fermented Shrimp)

  • 강일준;정차권;이영숙;오성훈;변명우
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.193-198
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    • 2001
  • Gamma irradiation at 20 kGy was apploed to salted and fermented shrimps to evaluate its possible genotoxicity. The genotoxicity of irradiated salted and fermented shrimps was evaluated by Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, chromosomal aberration test and in vivo micronucleus assay. The results were negative in the bacterial reversion assay with S. typhimurium TA98, TA100. No mutagenicity was detected in the assay both with and without metabolic activation. In chromosomal aberration tests with CHL cells and in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, no significant difference in the incidences of chromosomal aberration and micronuclei was observed between nonirradiated and 20 kGy-irradiated salted and fermented shrimps. These results indicate that salted and fermented shrimps irradiated at 20 kGy did not show any genotoxic effects under these experimental conditions.

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감마선조사에 의한 돈육의 위생화 및 유전독성학적 안전성 평가 (Hygienic Quality and Genotoxicological Safety of Gamma Irradiated Pork)

  • 강일준;윤정한;강영희;이효구;변명우
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.1092-1098
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    • 1999
  • Gamma irradiation was applied to pork for improving its hygienic quality and evaluating its possible genotoxicity. The effective dose of irradiation was 3 kGy in pork for the sterilization of all contaminated microorganisms tested. After 8 weeks of storage at 5oC, no growth of microorganisms except for psychrophile and total aerobic bacteria was observed in the more than 3 kGy irradiated pork. The genotoxicity of high dose irradiated pork(30 kGy) was evaluated by Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, chromosomal aberration test and in vivo micronucleus assay. The results were negative in the bacterial reversion assay with S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537. In chromosomal aberration tests with CHL cells and in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, no significant difference in the incidences of chromosomal aberration and micronuclei was seen between nonirradiated and 30 kGy irradiated porks. These results indicate that 30 kGy irradiated pork did not show any genotoxic effects under these experimental conditions.

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두릅나무 추출물의 유전독성평가 (Genotoxicity study of Aralia elata extract in bacterial and mammalian cell system)

  • 정영신;이석종;최선아;이장하;류재천;홍은경
    • 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.319-323
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    • 2002
  • In order to investigate the safety of Aralia elata extract causing the reduction in the blood glucose level and oxidative stress in diabetes animals, these genotoxicity studies in bacterial and mammalian cell assay system such as Ames bacterial reverse mutation test and chromosomal aberration assay were performed. As results, in Ames bacterial reversion assay the extract in the range of 5,000-625 ug/plate did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 strains with and without metabolic activation of S-9 mixture. For chromosomal aberration assay, $IC_{50}$ (50% inhibition concentration of cell growth) of the extract were determined; 792 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ without and 524 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ with S-9 mixture in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cell culture. Any significant chromosomal aberration was not observed in CHL cells treated with the extract at the concentrations of 792, 396 and 198 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ or 524, 262 and 131 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in the absence or presence of S-9 metabolic activation, respectively. From these results, Aralia elata extract did not induce any harmful effects on the gene in bacteria and mammalian cell system used in these experiments.

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Genotoxicity in B6C3F1 Mice Following 0.5 ppm Ozone Inhalation

  • Kim, Min-Young;Son, Jang-Won;Cho, Myung-Haing
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2001
  • To determine whether ozone is genotoxic at environmentally relevant exposure level, B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone for 12 weeks, 6 hr/day. Chromosomal aberration, supravital micronucleus and hprt mutation assays were performed. The percentage of abnormal cells was significantly increased at 0.5 ppm ozone when compared to unexposed control in chromosome aberration assay. Significant increase in the frequencies of micro nucleated reticulocytes and 6-thioguanine-resistant ($TG^r$) lymphocytes was also observed in supravital micronucleus assay using peripheral blood and lymphocyte hprt mutation assay, respectively. The results indicate, that under our experimental conditions, 0.5 ppm ozone are genotoxic in exposed B6C3F1 mice.

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Mutagenicity and Genotoxicity Assessment of Leuconostoc lactis DMLL10 Isolated from Kimchi

  • Heejung Park;Seoyeon Lee;Sojeong Heo;Do-Won Jeong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제34권9호
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    • pp.1803-1809
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    • 2024
  • Leuconostoc lactis DMLL10 is a microorganism specific to kimchi fermentation. In this study, we sought to evaluate the toxicity of this strain, which was newly isolated from kimchi, to determine its safety as a food ingredient. Bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberration assay, and mammalian cell in vitro micronucleus assay were performed to assess the genetic toxicity of Leu. lactis DMLL10. The strain did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, or Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, with or without metabolic activation of S9 mixture. The oral administration of Leu. lactis DMLL10 also did not significantly increase the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, or the mean ratio of polychromatic to total erythrocytes. Additionally, Leu. lactis DMLL10 did not cause a significant chromosomal aberration in CHU/IL cells in the presence or absence of S9 activation. Therefore, Leu. lactis DMLL10 can be suggested as a functional food ingredient with reliability and safety.

Genotoxicity Study of AS6, a Triterpenoid Derivatives

  • Kwon, Jung;Lee, Michael;Cha, Kyung-Hoi;Kim, Jong-Choon;Han, Jung-Hee
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.190-195
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    • 2003
  • To assess the genotoxicity of AS6, several classical toxicological tests were performed. In Ames test, AS6 did not show any transformation of revertant with or without S-9 metabolic activating system, indicating the lack of mutagenic effect of the compound. To assess clastogenic effect, in vivo micronucleus and in vitro chromosomal aberration assays were performed using male ICR mice and Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells, respectively. Chromosomal aberration was not induced regardless of the presence of S-9 metabolic activating system. In addition, AS6 did not cause any increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes at any of the dose levels, suggesting little clastogenicity in vitro or in vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AS-6 has no mutagenic effect in our test system.

Genotoxicity Study of Sophoricoside, a Constituent of Sophora japonica, in Bacterial and Mammalian Cell System

  • Kim, Youn-Jung;Park, Hyo-Joung;Kim, Young-Soo;Kim, Mi-Kyung;Lee, Seung-Ho;Jung, Sang-Hun;Ryu, Jae-Chun
    • 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2001
  • Sophoricoside was isolated as the inhibitor of IL-5 bioactivity from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae). It has been reported to has an anti-inflammatory effect on rat paw edema model. To develope as an anti-allergic drug, genotoxicity of sophoricoside was investigated in bacterial and mammalian cell system such as Ames bacterial reversion test, chromosomal aberration assay and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. As results, in the range of 1,250~40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate sophoricoside concentrations was not shown significant mutagenic effects in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 strains in Ames test. The 80% cell growth inhibition concentration (IC/SUB 80/) of sophoricoside was determined as above 5,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cell and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line for the chromosomal aberration and comet assay, respectively. Sophoricoside was not induced chromosomal aberration in CHL fibroblast cell at concentrations of 700, 350 and 175 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ or 600, 300 and 150 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in the absence or presence of S-9 metabolic activation system, respectively. Also, in the comet assay, the induction of DNA damage was not observed in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line both in the absence or presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. From these results, no genotoxic effects of sophoricoside were observed in bacterial and mammalian cell systems used in these experiments.

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Genotoxicity Study of Water Extract of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Phellodendron amurense in Bacterial and Mammalian Cell Systems

  • Chung, Young-Shin;Lee, Seok-Jong;Choi, Sun-A;Lee, Jang-Ha;Ryu, Jae-Chun;Hong, Eun-Kyung
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 2004
  • In order to investigate the safety of a water extract (ADP) of 1 : 1 mixture of Anemarrhena rhizoma and Phellodendron cortex for alleviating benign prostate hyperplasia, genotoxicity studies in bacterial and mammalian cell assay systems, namely, the Ames bacterial reverse mutation and chromosomal aberration assays were performed. As shown by the results of the Ames bacterial reversion assay, ADP in the range of 625-5000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 strains in the absence or in the presence of S9 (the microsomal fraction of rat liver homogenate) metabolic activation. The $IC_{50}$ (50% cell growth inhibition concentration) values of ADP for the chromosomal aberration assay were determined; these were 2425 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in the absence and 8126 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in the presence of S9 metabolic activation in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cell culture. No chromosomal aberration was observed in CHL cells treated with ADP at 2425, 1212.5 and 606.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in the absence, or at 8126, 4063 and 2031.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in the presence of S9 metabolic activation. These results show that under the conditions used, ADP does not harmfully affect the bacterial or mammalian cell system at the gene level.

In Vitro Studies on the Genotoxic Effects of Wood Smoke Flavors

  • Chung, Young-Shin;Ahn, Jun-Ho; Eum, Ki-Hwan;Choi, Seon-A;Oh, Se-Wook;Kim, Yun-Ji;Park, Sue-Nie;Yum, Young-Na;Kim, Joo-Hwan;Lee, Michael
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.321-328
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    • 2008
  • Smoke flavors based on the thermal decomposition of wood have been applied to a variety of food products as an alternative for traditional smoking. Despite its increasing use, the available genotoxicity data on wood smoke flavors (WSF) are still controversial. Thus, potential genotoxic effects of WSF in four short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays were investigated, which included the Ames assay, chromosomal aberration assay, micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay. WSF did not cause any mutation in the Ames assay using five tester strains at six concentrations of 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 ${\mu}l/plate$. To assess clastogenic effect, the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells. No statistically significant increase in the number of metaphases with structural aberrations was observed at the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 ${\mu}l/ml$. The in vitro comet assay and micronucleus test results obtained on L5178Y cells also revealed that WSF has no genotoxicity potential, although there was a marginal increase in micronuclei frequencies and DNA damage in the respective micronucleus and comet assays. Taken together, based on the results obtained from these four in vitro studies, it is concluded that WSF is not a mutagenic agent in bacterial cells and causes no chromosomal and DNA damage in mammalian cells in vitro.