• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was designed to examine the effects of Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. on lowering lipid and anti-oxidation using hyperlipidemic rat. Methods : Male rats weighting $195.21{\pm}4.93g$ were divided into 4 groups and fed high fat diet for 8 weeks. Each of 7 rats was divided into a control and sample group. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Polygonatum odoratum(100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of anti-oxidative activity and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$). Results : 1. Concentration of plasma free fatty acid, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride showed a significant decrement in all Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. However, concentration of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was not significantly different in all the treatment groups. 2. Concentration of liver total cholesterol showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. Concentration of liver triglyceride(TG) showed a significant decrement in all Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. 3. Concentration of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. 4. The values of glutathione peroxidase activity showed a significant increment in all Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. The values of superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity showed a significant increment in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. 5. The values of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were not significantly different in all treatment groups. 6. Concentration of liver $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. Conclusions : Based on the results in this study, the Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. showed a positive effect in lowering lipid and anti-oxidation.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2006

To investigate the effects of yellow soybean powder on serum lipid level and enzyme activities, male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were given hyperlipidemic diets for 6 weeks. Rats(n=8) were divided into three groups consisting the normal group(N), hyperlipidemic diets group(C) and hyperlipidemic diets and yellow soybean powder group(YSP). YSP group lowered triglyceride, total lipid, phospholpid, ester-cholesterol and free-cholesterl than control group. YSP group lowered total-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol but increased HDL-cholesterol of the serum compared to the control group. Athergenic Index(AI) and LHR(LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio) of YSP group was decreased by control group (p<0.05). On the other hand, glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GTP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDHase) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) enzymes activities were decreased by hyperlipidemic diets group (C). These results suggest that yellow soybean powder fed a lipid lowering effect in serum of rats.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.632-637
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of red pericarp glutinous rice rich in polyphenols (Jakwangchalbyeo, red rice) on serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and hepatic protein expression linked to synthesis and degradation of cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic mice diet as compared with brown rice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 each), which were fed different diets for a period of 12 weeks: American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet, AIN-93G diet with 2% cholesterol, brown rice with 2% cholesterol, or red rice with 2% cholesterol. RESULT: Consumption of red rice resulted in a significant decrease in serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic levels of triglyceride and total-cholesterol. Expression of acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was decreased, while expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK ratio, cholesterol 7-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7a1), and sterol 12-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP8b1) was increased in mice fed red rice. Brown rice had similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, but the effect of red rice was significantly greater than that of brown rice. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggested that red rice had a hypocholesterolemic effect by lowering hepatic cholesterol synthesis through ACAT-2, HMG-CoA reductase, and SREBP-2, and by enhancing hepatic cholesterol degradation through CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 in mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1646-1654
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to develop cholesterol-reduced and gamma linolenic acid (GLA)-added butter and to examine the changes in chemical and sensory properties, and cholesterol lowering effect of GLA addition. The cholesterol removal rate reached 93.2% by $\beta$-cyclodextrin in butter before GLA addition. The thiobarbituric acid value of cholesterol-reduced and GLA-added butter increased slowly up to 4 week and plauteaued thereafter. TBA value was significantly increased with 2% GLA addition, compared with no GLA addition. The production of short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) increased with storage in all treatments. From 4 weeks storage, the amount of short-chain FFA in 2% GLA-added group was significantly higher than those in other groups. Among sensory characteristics, color, greasiness and overall acceptability were mostly affected by GLA addition, however, the rancidity value of 2% GLA addition was significantly different from those of control and GLA-unadded and cholesterol-reduced butter at 0, 6 and 8 week storage. Among groups, no difference was found in texture in all storage periods. The smallest increase of total blood cholesterol in rats was found in the group fed 2% GLA-added and cholesterol-reduced butter for 8 week, compared with that in controls. The present results showed the possibility of cholesterol-reduced and GLA-added butter development without much difference in chemical, rheological and sensory properties, and indicated a slow increase effect on blood total cholesterol in rats.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.747-751
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• 2004

콜레스테롤 식이로 유발시킨 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐에 유산균 발효유(요구르트) 및 해양식물인 함초(Salicornia herbacea) 추출물 첨가 유산균 발효유(함초 요구르트)를 식이중에 5% (w/w)수준으로 첨가하여 지질농도에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 콜레스테롤 식이군에 비해 함초 요구르트 및 요구르트 식이군에서 각각 유의적으로 감소하였다. 동맥경화 지수(atherogenic index)도 콜레스테롤 식이군에 비해 함초 요구르트 및 요구르트 식이군에서 각각 유의적으로 감소하여 항동맥경화 작용이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 함초 요구르트에 의한 콜레스테롤 감소 효과는 콜레스테롤로부터 담즙산 합성 증가에 의한 혈청 중의 담즙산 농도 증가와 장내 흡수 저해에 의한 분변 중으로의 증가에 의한 것으로 사료되었다. 혈중 유리 지방산 농도는 함초 요구르트 식이군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈당치는 함초 요구르트 식이에서만 유의적으로 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실험 결과로부터 함초 추출물 첨가 요구르트는 혈청 콜레스테롤 감소에 의한 항동맥경화 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 해양식물 유래 신기능성 식품 개발 가능성이 대두되었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.539-543
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• 2005

Elevated level of serum cholesterol in humans is a risk factor correlated with the development of coronary heart disease. We have screened lactic acid bacteria from pig and human feces for the development of probiotics which have an anti-cholesterol effect. We have used special media to isolate only lactic acid bacteria and they were subjected to the experiments such as oxgal test, carbohydrate fermentation test. Results from the acid tolerance test and growth test in the presence of oxgal demonstrated that some strains would likely survive in thuman stomach, where acidity is high, and in small intestine, where bile fluid is present. In conclusion, we were able to screen lactic acid bacteria which were tolerant against bile acid and supposed to be prominent to lower the cholesterol level in human serum.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2000

Curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric, curry and mustard, has anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. In this study; we investigated the hypocholesterolemic and anti-atherogenic effect of curcumin in rabbits. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding high cholesterol diet to male rabbits for 30 days, and the animals were then fed high cholesterol diet containing 0.1% (w/w) or 0.5% (w/w) curcumin for additional 30 days. Supplementation of 0.l% curcumin tended to lower serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and inhibit serum lipid peroxidation. In the 0.5% curcumin-supplemented group, serum total cholesterol was significantly lowered by 11.7%, LDL-cholesterol by 12.8% and lipid peroxidation by 47.9% compared to the control group. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents were also significantly lowered by 50.6% and 37.4%, respectively compared to the control group. Lipid staining of the arteries isolated from the curcumin-treated rabbits showed that curcumin significantly decreased formation of fatty streaks and atheromatous plaques on the intima of the arteries. These results demonstrated that curcumin lowered serum cholesterol concentration, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and accumulation of cholesterol in the artery These cholesterol lowering effects of curcumin, together with its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, may play some important roles in preventing atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.296-306
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• 1996

The ultimate aim of this study is to find high-fiber sources among Korean common foods and to develop a high-fiber supplement which can be useful in the therapeutic diet for the diabetic patients. For this purpose the effect of four kinds of seaweeds(mixture of purple laver & sea lettuce : MPS, sea tanle : ST, sea mustard : SM, agar agar : AA) on the glucose and lipid mtabolism were examined. Seven groups of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed dietary fiber-free control diet or one of experimental diets containing 7% of one of four seaweeds for six weeks. The effects of seaweeds were campared with the effects of fiber-free diet or pectin diet. ST, SM, and AA showed a tendency of improving glucose tolerance improvement by those seaweeds, however, was less than that by pectin. MPS was found to possess a serum cholesterol-lowering effect which is comparable to that of pectin. All the supplementations of seaweeds induced significant increase in fecal steroids excretion. The amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion follwing in feeding of MPS and SM were as high as the level cause by pectin. The excretion of bile acids in the MPS group was much higher than that in the pectin group. Based on its effects of alleviating the diabetic symptoms in the previous study and of improving the glucose tolerance, sea mustard seems to have a benefical effect on glucose metabolism. The serum cholesterol-lowering effect of MPS possibly due to the significant increase in fecal steroids excretion suggests that MPS may be effective in improving abnormalities of lipid metabolism. Therefore, sea tangle and mixture of purple laver & sea lettuce seem to be promising as an effective source of high-fiber supplement for the diabetic patients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2005

본 연구는 고콜레스테롤을 급여한 흰쥐 에 키토산 올리고당의 첨가 수준을 달리한 식이가 흰쥐의 지방대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 체중이 174.7$\pm$6.3 g인 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷 흰쥐에게 고콜레스테롤혈증을 유발시키기 위하여 콜레스테롤을 식 이 무게의 0.5%를 급여하고 키토산 올리고당을 식이 무게의 1.0%와 2.0%로 하여 총 3군으로 나누어 4주간 사육하였다. 식이섭취량과 체중증가량은 식이에 의한 영향이 없었다. 혈청 중 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방은 대조군에 비해 2.0% 키 토산 올리고당을 첨가한 군에서 유의적으로 그 농도가 크게 감소하였으며 HDL-콜레스테롤/총콜레스테롤 비는 키토산 올리고당 첨가에 의해 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 간 조직 중 TBARS 함량은 키토산 올리고당을 첨가하였을 경우 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며 SOD와 catalase의 활성은 키토산 올리고당을 첨가한 군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 키토산 올리고당은 체내 지방대사에 있어 총콜레스테롤과 LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방 및 TBARS 함량을 낮추고 HDL-콜레스테롤/총 콜레스테롤 비는 높이는 효과를 나타냈으며, 또한 생체내 고콜레스테롤에 의한 산화적 스트레스로부터 간을 보호하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.418-423
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Spirulina, a blue-green alga, is widely produced and commercialized as a dietary supplement with bio- and immune-modulatory functions. We have previously shown that spirulina had favorable effects on lipid profiles, immune functions, and antioxidant capacity in healthy Korean elderly. Despite favorable effect of spirulina supplementation, some sub-populations have shown a poor response to supplementation. Obesity is a factor related to poor-response. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the immuno-modulation, antioxidant capacity, and lipid-lowering effect of spirulina in obese and non-obese Korean elderly. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 78 elderly aged 60-87 years. In a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects were fed either placebo or spirulina daily, at 8 g for 12 weeks. Subjects were divided into the non-obese group and the obese group based on body mass index (BMI) criteria for Asians suggested by the International Obesity Task Force: $BMI<25kg/m^2$ (non-obese) and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ (obese). RESULTS: In the non-obese group, spirulina supplementation showed a significant lowering effect on plasma concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-2 concentration (P < 0.01) and a significant increment (P < 0.05) in IL-2/IL-6 ratio, and a significant increase in total antioxidant status level and a significant decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level. However, these effects were not observed in the obese group. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that blood lipid lowering and immune and antioxidant improving response for spirulina supplement was affected by obesity in Korean elderly.