• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 1991

This study was designed to obseve the effect of defatted perilla as a dietary fiber on lipid components of serum feces and liver in rats. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride were signfican-ly decreased in defatty perilla added groups. total lipid cholesterol and triglyceride of feces were significantly increased in defatted perilla added groups. Liver phospholipid content was higher in the defatted perilla added groups. The other lipid components of the liver were not affected by the defatted perilla administration. These results suggest the possibitlity that defatted perilla have a reducing effect of serum cholesterol and triglyceride through the incre-ment of feacal excretion of lipid component and phospholipid in liver.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1993

This study was performed observe the effect of vegetable oil on the liver of 0.5% cholesterol-fed rats. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats were divided into 5groups which were fed differently either for 8 weeks: basal diet, 20% sunflower oil diet, 20% soybean oil diet, 20% rapeseed oil diet.,20% coconut oil diet. The total cholesterol, triglyceride level in the liver were showed tendency of increase with increasing of P/S ratios. Bile acid excretion in the fecal increased with increasing of P/S ratios. The value of TBA in the serum and liver were increased in proportion to the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The liver fatty acid of coconut-fed group showed larger variation than fatty acid of the cocount oil. The fat chang of sunflower oil diet in the liver showed the largest change.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 성숙한 흰쥐에게 동물성 포화지방(식이중 beef tallow로서 18%)과 식이에 콜레스테롤을 첨가하지 않은 조건과 첨가한 조건(1%) 하에서 식이칼슘을 수준별로(식이에 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.5% 첨가) 4주간 동안 급여한 후 혈액과 조직의 지질함량, 소장내용물 중 지질의 분포 및 분중 지질배설량 등이 측정되었다. 그 결과, 콜레스테롤 무첨가의 고지방식을 4주간 급여한 경우에는 고콜레스테롤혈증은 유발되지 않았으며, 식이칼슘의 투여효과도 인정되지 않았다. 한편 콜레스테롤 첨가 고지방식을 급여한 경우에는 고콜레스테롤혈증의 유발이 가능하였다. 이때 식이칼슘의 투여효과는 식이칼슘의 수준 증가에 따라 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도가 저하하는 경향을 보였다. 즉 식이칼슘 섭취 부족에 따른 혈중 콜레스테롤 상승효과(hypercholesterolemic effect)와 칼슘섭취 증가에 따른 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하효과(hypocholesterolemic effect)가 인정되었다. 또 칼슘 섭취가 체내 지질대사에 미치는 효과에 대한 하나의 작용메카니즘으로서 콜레스테롤의 소화율과 장관내 흡수양상이 검토되었는데, 이때 분중 지질성분의 배설량은 고칼슘식이군에서 유의적으로 높았고 콜레스테롤의 소화율은 저칼슘식이군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 이것은 칼슘이 지질 성분의 배설을 촉진하므로서 지질 성분의 흡수를 저하시킨다고 하는 장관내 지질 흡수 메카니즘에 대한 “지질-칼슘 soap 형성”으로 칼슘의 역할이 설명될 수 있다. 본 과제에서 처음으로 시도된 소장내용물의 지질과 칼슘성분의 존재양상은 지질 흡수와 칼슘의 상호작용을 보다 직접적인 방법으로 측정할 수 있었으나, 얻어진 결과에 대한 해석에는 아직 어려움이 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.861-868
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• 2013

유전적으로 제2형 당뇨병이 유발되는 db/db 생쥐에 OF를 5% 수준으로 4주간 급여한 결과 지방 대사를 개선시켜, 혈장 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, VLDL-콜레스테롤과 중성지방을 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소시켰고, HDL-콜레스테롤은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈장 총콜레스테롤의 감소는 간에서 HMG-CoA-R의 감소에 의한 콜레스테롤의 생성이 줄어든 것이고, 또한 콜레스테롤을 담즙산으로 합성하는 CYP7A1을 증가시켜 콜레스테롤을 담즙산의 형태로 배설시켰기 때문이다. 이 결과 분변 중 담즙산의 함량이 증가하였다. LDL-콜레스테롤의 감소는 LDL-콜레스테롤을 세포로 이동시켜 분해를 촉진하는 LDL-R의 증가로 확인할 수 있었다. db/db mice에서는 비만뿐 아니라 심각한 지방간이 유발되는데 OF의 급여로 AST와 ALT를 낮추어 간세포의 파괴를 완화시켰으며, 간 조직의 H&E 염색 소견에서도 지방간의 완화를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 대조군으로 C57 생쥐에게 5% 수준으로 OF를 급여한 결과 OF를 급여하지 않은 대조군과 OF를 급여한 실험군의 혈장 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, VLDL-콜레스테롤, AST와 ALT 함량의 차이가 없었으며, 간조직 관찰에서도 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, OF는 당뇨병이 유발되지 않은 정상혈당의 생쥐에서는 지질대사에 아무런 영향을 주지 않았으며, 제2형 당뇨병인 db/db mice의 당뇨병 합병증인 지질대사 이상을 개선하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되며, OF의 어떤 성분이 이와 같은 효과를 나타냈는지 보다 구체적인 성분 분석과 세부적인 연구를 통한 확인이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2003

Fruits and vegetables reportedly have a protective effect against hyperlipidemia and oxidative disease. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effect and antioxidative capacity of persimmon leaf extract (PLE) in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Male rats were fed a high-cholesterol (1% wt/wt) or high-cholesterol diet supplemented with Lovastatin (0.02% wt/wt) or PLE (0.2% wt/wt) for 5 weeks. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol was significantly lower in the PLE group than in the lovastatin group. However, the concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol (%) were significantly higher in the PLE group than in the control group. The PLE supplement also significantly lowered the contents of hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride. In comparing fecal sterol contents, the PLE group saw a significant increase of both neutral and acidic sterol compared to the other groups. The PLE supplement significantly lowered plasma GOT and GPT activity, which ave indices of hepatic toxicity. Plasma TBARS concentration was significantly lower in the PLE group than in the control group, while hepatic TBARS level was not significantly different between the groups. In a comparison of hepatic antioxidant parameters, SOD, catalase and GSH-Px activity were significantly higher in the PLE group than in the control group. However, the PLE supplement significantly towered antioxidant enzyme activity in the erythrocyte. Furthermore, these results suggest that supplementation of PLE promoted the excretion of fecal sterols, thereby leading to decreased absorption of dietary cholesterol. In addition, PLE may play an important role in regulating antioxidative capacities by altering SOD and ChT activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Natto supplementation on lipid metabolism in rats. Male rats were fed on casein(CON group), steamed soybean(SS group), conventional Natto(N-1 group), garlic(2%) added Natto(N-2 group), red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) added Natto(N-3 group) and galic(2%) and red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) added Natto(N-4 group) as a protein source for 4 weeks. Serum and liver cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control group. Especially, dietary N-2, N-3 and N-4, compared with CON, reduced markedly the concentration of serum cholesterol. The concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol was higher markedly in the N-4 group than in the control group. The concentration of serum triglyceride was significantly lower in the N-1, N-2, N-3 and N-4 groups than in the control group. Garlic and red pepper added Natto fed groups(N-2, N-3, N-4) showed more excreion of fecal bile acid when compared with those values of casein fed group. The results indicate that spice added Natto supplementation may have more beneficial roles in lipid metabolism through reduced cholesterol levels and increased fecal bile acid excretion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.492-503
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• 1990

This study was performed to investigate nutritional effect of various dietary fibers on lead absorption, and protein and lipid metabolisms in growing rats. Sixty male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 140$\pm$1.1g were blocked into 10 groups according to body weight and fed 10 kinds of diet different with fiber sources [non-fiber, cellulose, pectin, guar gum or carboxymethylcellulose(CMC)] and lead levels (0 or 1%) for 4 weeks. Results were summerized as follows : 1) Food intake, weight gain, FER and PER were remarkably decreased in lead(Pb)-added groups. Weight gain, FER and PER in Pb-added pectin group were significantly lower than those in Pb-added non-fiber group. 2) Liver and kidney weights, femur weight and length, hematocrit and hemoglobin content were decreased in Pb-added groups. Especially femur and liver weights in pectin groups were the lowest among groups. 3) Total protein content in serum was significantly decreased in Pb-added groups but was not different with dietary fiber sources. Total lipid content in serum was not different with dietary Pb levels and fiber sources, but cholesterol content in serum of guar gum group was significantly decreased by Pb addition. 4) Nitrogen, lipid and cholesteol contents in liver were significantly decreased in Pb-added groups, and lipid content in liver of pectin and CMC groups was lower than other groups. 5) Daily urinary and fecal excretions of nitrogen, kipid and cholesterol were decreased in Pb-added groups, and fecal nitrogen was significantly increased in Pb-added groups, and fecal nitrogen of cellulose and guar gum groups was significantly higher than other groups. Fecal excretions of lipid and cholesterol were increased by dietary fibers, and especially fecal lipid was remarkably increased in pectin and guar hum group. 6) Pb contents in liver and femur were decreased by dietary fibers. Especially Pb contents in liver, kidney and femur were significantly decreased in guar gum group. 7) Daily urinary and fecal excretions of Pb were significantly increased in cellulose and guar gum groups, and fecla excretion of Pb in guar gum group was twice of non-fiber group. Pb absorption ratio was significantly decreased in guar gum group. In conclusion, dietary fibers have effect on protein and lipid metabolisms, and decreased intestinal absorption of Pb by increasing fecal excretion. But the degree of effect was different with dietary fiber sources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.511-513
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• 2004

Effects of the dietary supplementation of Codonopsis lanceolata root on triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the serum, liver, breast muscle and bile in male Cobb$\times$Cobb chicks were investigated. The chicks (15-42 days old) were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.25 and 0.5% Codonopsis lanceolata root. No differences were observed in body weight, feed conversion ratio, gall bladder weight or abdominal fat deposition among the control group and the two treatment groups. Liver weights were higher in chicks fed a 0.5% Codonopsis lanceolata diet than in those fed the control diet (p<0.05). However, serum levels of both glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were not different among the three groups. Broiler chicks fed either 0.25% or 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root showed decreased serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to the control group (p<0.05). Supplementation with either 0.25% or 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root decreased the triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in liver and breast muscle compared to the control group (p<0.05). Biliary cholesterol increased by 15% in chicks fed 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root, suggesting that the biliary excretion of cholesterol had been elevated by dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root can decrease triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the serum, liver and breast muscle of broilers.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2003

동충하초(C. militaris)의 균사체 액체배양액이 고지방 식이를 섭취한 성숙한 암쥐의 생리활성에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자, 생후 30주령의 흰쥐에 표준식이를 급여한 정상군, 표준식이에 15% 돈지와 1% 콜레스테롤을 첨가한 식이를 급여한 고지방군, 고지방 식이에 균사체 액체배양액을 각각 10%, 20% 및 30%씩 음료수에 혼합하여 급여한 군 등 5군으로 나누어 5주간 사육하였다. 실험동물의 체중증가, 식이효율, 및 간의 무게는 고지방군과 각 수준별 균사체 배양액군이 비슷한 수준을 보였으나 정상군 보다는 유의하게 증가되었다. 간의 총 지질 농도, 간과 혈청의 중성지질 농도 및 동맥경화지수는 고지방군에 비하여 20%와 30% 균사체 배양액군이 유의하게 감소시키는 효과가 나타났다. 혈청의 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 고지방군에 비하여 각 수준별 균사체 배양액군이 유의하게 증가시키는 효과가 나타났다. 분중 중성지질 배설량은 고지방군에 비하여 20%와 30% 균사체 배양액군이 유의하게 증가되었다. 간과 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤 농도, 혈청의 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도, 분의 콜레스테롤 배설량, 및 혈청의 GPT와 ALP의 활성은 고지방군과 각 수준별 균사체 배양액군이 비슷한 경향으로 나타났으나 정상군 보다는 유의하게 증가되었다. 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤 비율은 정상군에 비하여 각 실험군이 유의하게 감소되었다. 혈당, 혈청의 총 단백질과 알부민 농도, 알부민/글로불린 비율, 신장과 대퇴골의 무게, 혈청의 COT와 ${\gamma}$-CTP의 활성은 정상군과 각 실험군이 비슷하여 정상 수준을 유지하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 고지방 식이에 20% 및 30% 동충하초의 균사체 액체배양액 섭취가 간의 총 지질, 간과 혈청의 중성지질 농도 및 동맥경화지수를 낮추는 효과가 있고, HDL- 콜레스테롤 농도를 증가시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.229-243
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary fibers from tangerine peels on lipid and cadmium metabolism. And effects were compared with those of commercial dietary fibers($\alpha$-cellulose, citrus pectin). Sixty male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 186.7$\pm$2.6g were blocked into 12 groups according to body weight, and were raised for 2 weeks. Cadmium chloride was given at the levels of 0 of 400 ppm in diet. Various dietary fibers were given at the level of 0 or 4%(w/w) of diet. The results are summarized as follow. In lipid metabolism, insoluble fibers[insoluble dietary fibers from tangerine peels(IDE), $\alpha$-celluolse] increased fecal excretion of lipids by inhcreasing feces weight, and decreased the concentrations of serum triglyceride and liver lipids. Soluble dietary fibers from tangerine peels(SDF) decreased the concentrations of serum cholesterol and liver lipids by increasing fecal lipids, too. In cadmium metabolism, soluble fivers(SDF, pectin) inhibited Cd absorption by increasing fecal Cd excretion and decreased Cd concentrations of intestion, liver and kidney. In conclusion, among the extracted fibers, SDF were more effective on lipid and Cd lowering activity and IDF had effect of increasing fecal lipid excretion. This result is useful to reduce food waste and utilize waste products.