• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Ca supplementation of 1,000mg per day for 53 weeks on lipid, Na, and K metabolism and on blood pressure in postmenopausal women. The subjects were 12 healthy women aged from 60 to 70 years. They were divided into two groups : the placebo(control group) and the Ca supplemented(1,000 mg/day) group(Ca group). Metabolic studies were conducted twice in the 1st and the 53rd weeks. The results were as follows : Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-choesterol levels tended to be decreased after the experiment. Serum VLDL-cholesterol lowering effect was observed with Ca supplementation(p<0.05), and also the significantly elevated HDL/(LDL+VLDL) ratio in Ca supplemented subjects whose average Na intake was as high as 4.9g per day. This phenomena was accompanied with increased Na retention and increased Na excretion in feces, but with decreased urinary Na in Ca supplemented group. However, considering much higher Na reteniton in the control group at the end of experiment(control va Ca ; 1272.3mg vs 732.9mg), Ca supplementation may have some beneficial effects on Na blance. Serum aldosterone level increased significantly in the Ca group after the exsperiment(p<0.05). With these normotensive subjects, there were no level increased significantly in the Ca group after the experiment(p<0.05). With these normotensive subjects, there were no pronounced effect of Ca supplementation on blood pressure, however, decrease in diastolic blood pressure were observed at the 14th week and end of the experiment(p<0.05). In summary, the Ca supplementation on postmenopausal Koran women appears to exert a desirables effect on blood lipid patterns related to the coronary heart diseases and to be beneficial in controlling diastolic blood pressure. Further studies with hypertensive or/and hyperlipidemic subjects are required to clarify the effect of Ca supplementation in Koreans.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-126
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was peformed to evaluate the effect of Kamijoaguiem(JGE) on the bone mass and its related factors. Methods : We used ovariectomized rat as an estrogen-deficient animal model. The model rats of osteoporosis showed a significant decrease in bone density, bone ash density, calcium content of femur bone. At the 7th day after operating ovariectomy, rats were administered with JGE per orally, and continued for 10 weeks. And osteoporosis related parameters were determined to investigate the effect of JGE. Results : Bone density, bone ash density, bone calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was decreased in osteoporotic rats. JGE improved the decreased bone density, bone ash density and the decreased bone magnesium, but JGE didn't improve the decreased bone calcium and phosphorus in osteoporotic rats. Osteocalcin in serum and hydroxy-proline excretion in urine were increased in osteoporotic rats. Their levels were decreased when JGE was administered. ALP activity in serum was increased in osteoporotic rats. JGE didn't induce any significant changes. JGE showed significant increase in serum calcium level, total protein level, albumin level, BUN level, serum LDH activity. JGE didn't show significant increase in serum T-cholesterol density, triglyceride density, HDL-cholesterol density. JGE didn't show significant increase in RBC number, hemoglobin level, platelet number, hematocrit level. JGE showed inhibitory effect on the degradation of bone-matrix in osteoporotic rats, in histological examination to Hematoxylin-eosin stain. Conclusion : JGE might improve bone density due to inhibition of bone resolution in osteoporotic rats. It suggest that JGE may be useful prescription in osteoporosis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate effects of the experimental mixture containing soybean peptides, L-carnitine and Garcinia Cambogia extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) of eight weeks old were raised for four weeks with high fat diet (40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats were feed control (C) diet, containing either 0.16% (+1D), 1.6% (+10D), 8% (+50D) of experimental mixture for eight weeks. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein and albumin concentration were not different among groups. The Body weight gain was significantly lower in experimental mixture diet group compared to control group. Weights of perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad in the +50D group were significantly lower than those in the +1D and +10D groups. Plasma total lipid and liver total cholesterol levels in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. Fecal total lipid and total cholesterol excretions were highest in +50D group. These results suggest that the experimental mixture containing peptides, L-carnitine and Garsinia Canbogia extract is effective for reducing the body weight and adipose tissue weight which may be due to the modulation of lipid metabolism and the increased fecal excretion of lipid.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by exposure to hazardous chemicals. We investigated changes in the symptoms of metabolic syndrome, which is strongly related to CVD, and in levels of other CVD risk factors, with a special emphasis on the roles of catecholamines and oxidative stress. The results revealed that neither body mass index (BMI) nor waist and hip circumferences were associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals. Among metabolic syndrome criteria, only HDL-cholesterol level increased on exposure to hazardous chemicals. Levels of epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NEP) were not influenced by exposure to hazardous chemicals; however, the total antioxidative capacity (TAC) reduced because of increased oxidative stress. Both hazardous chemical exposure level and metabolite excretion were related to EP, NEP, and the oxidative stress index (OSI). Logistic regression analysis with these factors as independent variables and metabolic syndrome criteria as dependent variables revealed that EP was associated with blood pressure, and NEP with metabolic syndrome in the chemical-exposed group. In conclusion, the results suggest that reactive oxygen species generated and oxidative stress due to exposure to hazardous chemicals act as mediators and cause changes in the physiological levels of EP and NEP to increase blood pressure. This ultimately leads to the development of CVD through increase in cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose levels by lipid peroxidation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.960-967
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• 1998

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of sea tangle and hypoglycemic agent on lipid metabolism in normal and dabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawely rats were fed AIN-76 based experimental diets containing 5%(w/w) cellulose or 15%(w/w) sea tangle for 3 weeks, after which diabetic groups were made diabetic by intramuscular injection of streptozotocin(STZ, 45mg/kg BW). Metformin(350mg/kg BW) as a hypoglycemic agent was given once a day using a feeding tube for 5 days. Body weight grains were reduced significantly by STZ treatment, but not influenced by metformin feeding. Blood glucosel levels in sea tangle groups were reduced, compared with those in cellulose groups. Metformin feeding showed the lowering effect of blood glucose. Plasma levels of triglyceride were increased significantly in diabetic rats, but decreased in metformin group by sea tangel feeding. Total cholestero contents showed a similar tendency with triglyceride, but were reduced in diabetic groups without metformin by sea tangle feeding. Plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol were reduced in diabetic rats, compared with those in normal rats. There was a significant increase in fecal weights in diabetic rats fed sea tangle. Fecal contents of cholesterol were lower in diabetic rats than in normal rats. In normal rats, it tended to increase by sea tangle feeding, but not significantly. Fecal excretions of coprostanol and coprostanone were reduced significantly in diabetic rats, compared with those of normal rats. It tended to increase in diabetic rats by simultaneous feeding of sea tangle and metformin, but not significantly. Diabetes reduced fecal excretion of bile acid, but it was increased by sea tangle and metformin feeding.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1595-1603
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 포도박이 고지방식이를 섭취한 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로써 포도박의 생리활성과 자원화에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 48마리를 정상식이 대조군(C), 정상식이에 포도박을 첨가한 군(CP), 고지방식이 대조군(HF), 고지방식이에 포도박을 첨가한 군(HFP)으로 나누어 4주간 실험식이를 급여한 후 간 기능 관련 효소, 혈청과 간조직 및 변 중의 지질 함량, 변으로 배설되는 중성 스테로이드와 담즙산 함량을 측정하였고 간조직의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 식이섭취량은 정상식이군(C, CP)에 비하여 고지방식이군(HF, HFP)이 유의적으로 적은 양을 섭취하였으며 식이효율은 고지방식이군에서 증가하였다. 체중증가량은 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 간 기능을 나타내는 GOT와 GPT 활성은 대조군과 포도박을 첨가한 군 간의 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 혈청 중의 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 고지방식이와 포도박 분말의 급여에 의한 상호작용을 나타내었으며, HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 CP군이 C군보다 유의적으로 증가되었다. 중성지질과 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 정상식이군에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 고지방식이군에서는 HF군에 비하여 HFP군이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 간조직 중의 총 지질 함량과 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 고지방식이와 포도박 분말의 급여에 따른 상호작용을 나타내었으며 중성지질 함량은 대조군에 비하여 포도박을 첨가한 군이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 인지질 함량은 고지방식이군에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 정상식이 군에서는 C군에 비하여 CP군이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 변 중의 총 지질 함량은 C군에 비하여 CP군이 유의적으로 증가하였으며 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 HFP군이 HF군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다. 변 중 중성지질 함량은 대조군에 비하여 포도박 첨가군에서 배설이 증가되었다. 변으로 배설되는 coprostanol 함량은 모든 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Cholesterol과 coprostanone 함량의 합은 정상식이군보다 고지방식이군이 유의적으로 증가하였고, 고지방식이군에서 HF군보다 HFP이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 담즙산의 함량은 HF군과 HFP군 간의 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 C군에 비하여 CP군이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 간조직의 형태학적 관찰결과를 보면 HF군의 간조직 표면이 심한 지방 침착으로 윤기와 탄력성이 저하되었다. HFP군에서는 세포질 내의 지방방울의 크기와 숫자는 유사하였으나 HF군에 비하여 지방세포 비대, 괴사 및 염증현상이 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 식이섬유와 폴리페놀 성분을 다량 함유한 포도박 식이는 혈청과 간조직의 지질 축적을 감소시키고 변으로 배설되는 지질 함량을 증가시켜 줌으로써 지질대사 관련한 만성질환의 예방효과를 가져올 수 있는 것으로 기대되었다. 포도박의 이러한 생리활성에 대한 연구결과는 향후 포도 가공중에 얻어지는 포도박 폐기물을 자원화 할 수 있는 기초자료로써 이용될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1102-1107
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• 2003

본 연구는 작약(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)씨 추출물 및 작약씨에서 분리한 resveratrol의 체내 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 시행되었다. 고콜레스테롤 식이에 작약씨 메탄올 추출물을 0.1%(MP1)와 0.2%(MP2) 첨가시키거나 메탄올 추출물을 탈지시킨 후 에테르로 분획한 에테르가용성 추출물을 0.05%(EP1), 0.1%(EP2), 작약씨 resveratrol은 0.02%씩 각각 첨가시킨 식이를 조제하여 초기체중 120$\pm$11g의 Sprague-Dawley종 숫쥐에게 섭취시켜 3주간 사육하였고, 시험물질을 첨가하지 않은 식이를 섭취시킨 control군과 비교 조사하였다. 사육 후 EP2군은 나머지 5군에 비하여 체중증가량과 식이효율이 떨어지는 경향이었으나 나머지 5군에서 차이가 없었다. 그러나 간 무게(g/100g 체중)는 EP2군이 대조군에 비하여 낮았고 혈청 GOT와 GPT도 5개의 작약군이 대조군에 비하여 차이가 없었다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤은 EP2군과 resveratrol군이 control군에 비하여 유의하게 낮았고, 다른 군들은 차이가 없었으나 HDL-cholesterol은 5군의 작약군이 대부분이 높았으며 HDL-/총 콜레스테롤의 비율은 EP1군을 제외한 나머지 4군의 작약군에서 대조군에 비하여 모두 유의하게 높았다. 그러나 혈청중성지방은 EP2군만이 대조군에 비하여 낮았다. 간조직 콜레스테롤 함량은 5개의 작약군이 모두, 중성지방은 MP2군과 EP1, EP2군이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다. 분변으로의 콜레스테롤 배설은 MP2, EP1 및 EP2군에서 대조군에 비하여 높았으나 담즙산 배설은 차이가 없었으며 EP2군에서는 오히려 낮았다. 본 연구의 결과로서 작약씨에는 체내 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방의 상태를 저하시키는 물질이 있으며 이러한 변화는 HDL-콜레스테롤 대사를 활성화시켜 분변으로의 콜레스테롤 배설을 증가시키는 것이 주요기전으로 판단된다. 이 역할을 하는 성분으로 작약씨에 존재하는 monomer형태의 resveratrol이 일익을 담당하지만 추출물속에 함유된 resveratrol oligomer 및 비 resveratrol 화합물도 작용하였으리라고 사료되어 이에 대한 확인이 필요하다. 작약씨에 함유된 물질들의 지질대사 개선효과는 이미 보고된 항산화기능과 함께 동맥경화 예방에 유효할 것으로 기대되며 기능성 식품에 활용에 대한 연구가 필요하다

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2005

수용성 식이섬유의 섭취는 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하효과가 있으며 , 그 작용기 작으로는 수용성 식이섬유의 점성으로 인한 콜레스테롤과 담즙산 흡수저해, 대장내 미생물 발효로 생성 된 단쇄지방산에 의한 콜레스테롤 합성률 변경 및 담즙산 합성증가 등으로 설명되어진다. 그러나 명확한 작용기전은 규명 되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 간세포 핵내의 CYP7A1의 발현에 호르몬과 식이섬유의 발효로 생성된 단쇄지방산이 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 사람의 간세포(HepG2 세포)의 배양배지에 insulin, dexamethasone 및 triiodothyronine을 각각 $1\;{\mu}M$ 투여하고 24시간 배양하였다. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR기법에 의해 CYP7A1 mRNA발현을 측정한 결과, dexamethasone에서 가장 높아 $173\%$의 증가를 나타내었고, 그 다음으로 insulin에서 $150\%$, triiodothyronine 에서 $141\%$의 증가를 나타내었다. 이처럼 transient transfection을 하지 않은 HepG2 세포에서 생리적 조절자로 알려진 insulin, dexamethasone 및 triiodothyronine이 CYP7A1의 발현을 모두 증가시킨다는 결과는 본 연구에서 처음으로 규명하며, rat gene and/or human gene 발현이 다르게 조절됨을 제안한다. 단쇄지방산에 의한 HepG2 세포에서의 CYP7A1 유전자의 발현 정도를 측정하기 위해서 actetate, propionate 및 butyrate를 각각 1 M농도로 24시간 동안 배양한 결과, 모든 단쇄지방산이 CYP7A1의 발현을 증가시켰다. Acetate와 propionate는 유사한 효과를 나타내어 대조군에 비하여 1.8배의 증가를 나타내었으며 , butyrate는 1.5배의 증가를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 수용성 식이섬유 섭취시 나타나는 콜레스테롤 저하 효과는 수용성 식이섬유의 대장 발효가 대장을 자극함으로써 내인성 호르몬의 변화를 통해서 나타나거나 대장내 발효산물인 actetate, propionate 및 butyrate 등이 흡수되어 간에서의 CYP7A1의 up-regulation에 의한 담즙산 배설증가에 따른 결과로 설명할 수 있을 것이다. 단쇄지방산의 CYP7A1 발현에 미치는 작용은 acetate와 propionate가 butyrate보다 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2003

Dietary counseling is undoubtedly important for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Several dietary counseling methods have been developed and used in Japan to promote healthier diets. However, in Japan, few studies have established effective counseling methods. We developed a computer-assisted tailored dietary counseling system with self-administered diet history questionnaire (DHQ) to assess nutrient intakes and the feedbacks for counseling. We examined the effectiveness of the system in three studies , two among mildly-hypercholesterolemic and one among healthy subjects. We observed significant changes in intakes of targeted nutrients in all three studies. We also observed favorable changes in the corresponding serum and urinary biomarkers in two studies, i.e., non-significant change in serum cholesterol, serum carotene and vitamin C, and a significant change in 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium. In addition, one of the studies observed a significant modified dietary habit for one-year after the intervention was completed. No unfavorable change was observed for non-targeted nutrients in all three studies. The dietary counseling system with DHQ was concluded to be effective among motivated high-risk and healthy subjects. The system's application to other diseases and populations such as children, adolescents, and elderly, should be examined further. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 112-119, 2003)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2018

Ginseng and probiotics have anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Absorption of ginsenoside and colonization of probiotics occur in the intestine. In this study, a mixture of fermented ginseng and two probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum BORI and Lactobacillus paracasei CH88, was administered to HFD-fed mice for 9 weeks. The mixture significantly suppressed weight gain (p < 0.05, n = 8) and lipid deposition in the liver and adipose tissues as well as increased the mice's food intake. The adipocyte size of the adipose tissue was significantly decreased in the mixture-fed group, especially when 0.5% fermented ginseng and $5{\times}10^8/ml$ of the two probiotics were used (p < 0.05, n = 10). The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in adipose tissue was efficiently downregulated in the mixture-fed group (p < 0.05, n = 4). The supplement also improved the mice's fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.05, n = 8) and total cholesterol feces excretion (p < 0.05, n = 8). The mixture of fermented ginseng and B. longum BORI and L. paracasei CH88 could have an anti-obesity effect and suppress lipid deposit in the liver and adipose tissues.