• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2015

Ailanthus altissima, which is recognized as an invasive tree in the Western world, has been widely observed in Japan. To investigate how A. altissima expanded within-population and to new populations within a region, 446 A. altissima trees were sampled from three separate sites (A, B, and C) including 35 distantly positioned patches, with three chloroplast DNA markers and nine nuclear microsatellite markers. We detected 2, 2, and 3 chloroplast haplotypes in sites A, B, and C, respectively. In addition, 271, 40, and 41 nuclear genotypes were detected in sites A, B, and C, respectively. The clonal richness value was 0.85, 0.78, and 0.53 in sites A, B, and C, respectively. Most trees with the same genotypes were distributed in the same patch, indicating that range expansion by asexual reproduction was limited to a maximum of 45 meters. According to autocorrelation analysis, the extent of nonrandom spatial genetic structure was approximately 0-2 km in sites A and C. KINGROUP analyses showed that 812, 74, and 111 nuclear genotype pairs were detected to have kinship in sites A, B, and C, respectively. Most nuclear genotype pairs were detected within the same patches or sites. These results indicate that the number of A. altissima trees gradually increased from seeds, some of which were produced by trees within sites, meaning that this species could regenerate naturally. This shows the need for the future management of A. altissima as an invasive species in Japan.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.847-853
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• 2013

원추리속 식물은 초본류이며 이 속의 일부 종은 약용으로 중요하다. 이 속의 8개 분류군에 대해 엽록체의 rps16-trnK 부위로 계통관계를 평가하였다. 배당된 서열은 원추리(H. aurantiaca)에서 729 핵산 수로 가장 적었으며 왕원추리(H. fulva var. kwanso)에서 742 핵산 수로 가장 많았다. 그 차이는 염기 삽입에 기인하였다. 비록 일부 인델(indel)과 20개 염기의 삽입이 발견되었지만 서열 내 변이는 염기 치환이 많았다. rps16 - trnK에 의한 한국내 원추리속 분류군들은 높은 지지도로 잘 분리되었다. 애기원추리(H. minor)와 홍도원추리(H. littorea)는 높은 지지도로 같은 분지군을 형성하였으며 이 분지군은 노랑원원추리와 자매군을 형성하였다. 염색체의 수는 기존 보고된 RAPD의 결과와는 일치하지 않으나 본 연구와는 일치하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2000

To increase thennotolerance of forage crops, transgenic rice plants as a model for transformation of monocots were generated. A cDNA encoding the chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein (small HSP) of rice, Oshsp21, was introduced into rice plants via Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer system. Calli induced from scutella were co-cultivated with a A. tumefaciens strain EHAlOl canying a plasmid, pIGhsp21. A large number of transgenic plants were regenerated on a medium containing hygromycin. Integration of Oshsp2l gene was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses with genomic DNA. Northern blot and immunoblot analyses revealed that the Oshsp21 gene was constitutively expressed and accumulated as mature protein in transgenic plants. Effects of constitutive expression of the OshspZl on thermotolerance were first probed with the chlorophyll fluorescence. Results indicate that inactivation of electron transport reactions in photosystem I1 (PSII), were mitigated by constitutive expression of the Oshsp21. These results suggest that the chloroplast small HSP plays an important role in protecting photosynthetic machinery during heat stress. (Key words : Thermotolerance, Rice, Transgenic, cDNA)

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 1995

The formation of osmiophilic globules related to the granal lysis has been investigated with a shade plant ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) exposed to full sunlight. The changes of chloroplast were examined as a function of time over 9 days under full sunlight exposure. The ultrastructure of ginseng leaf showed swelling of the granal thylakoid during an early stage of the light exposure. The thylakoid membrane faded and small electron-opaque dots were aggregated on the edges of the granal thylakoid membrane when the exposure time was increased over 1 day. Then, the sahpe of the grana changed into round. After the exposure over 3 days, there appeared many osmiophilic globules with multi-lamellated concentric structure. The globules at this stage were partly accumulated with osmiophilic substances. The outermost membrane of these multi-lamellated osmiophilic globules was attached to the stromal thylakoid membrane connecting to the deforming grana. The osmiophilic globules were elongated after 9 days. In this stage, the multi-lamellated structure was difficult to identify due to severe accumulation of osmiophilic substances. The number of the osmiophilic globules also increased along with the full sunlight exposure time. This observation leads us to believe that the multi-lamellated osmiophilic globules came from the deformation of grana.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.315-318
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• 1998

약배양 유래 녹색꽃양배추의 유식물 순화율 및 배수성을 조사하였다. 7가지 공시 품종중 순화율에 있어 Marathon은 80.8∼100%, Landmark는 79.2∼100%, Mariner는 71.4∼79.2%로 나타나 평균 순화율은 83.6%∼86.1% 이였다. 소포자 배에서 생성된 식물체의 배수성은 공변세포내 엽연체수 측정으로도 가능했으며, 또한 배수성의 조기측정을 위해 I-KI용액을 사용하여 엽록체의 즉시염색 관찰이 가능했다. 관찰된 평균 엽녹체수는 반수체가 8.5, 2배체는 13.5, 그리고 4배체는 18.5개로 나타 났으며 이를 기초로 분류한 재분화개체의 배수성은 반수체 47.1∼51.3%, 2배체 47.9∼51.7%, 4배체 0.8∼l.2% 로서 반수체와 2배체가 각각 반씩이고 4배체가 극히 적게 분포하며 인위적인 염색체 배가 없이도 상당수의 자연 배가된 2배체를 얻을 수 있었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2004

Ten taxa of the genus Spirogyra (Zygnemataceae, Chlorophyta) in Korea were examined for morphology and taxonomic category with field as well as cultured materials: S. africana (Fritsch) Czurda, S. decimina (Muller) Kutzing, S. distenta Transeau, S. dubia Kutzing, S. ellipsospora Transeau, S. ellipsospora var. crassoidea Transeau, S. gracilis (Hassall) Kutzing, S. submajuscula Kutzing, S. peipingensis Jao and S. variformis Transeau. Features of vegetative cell and female gametangium, shape of septum, chloroplast number, sexuality, size and shape of zygospore, and ornamentation of spore wall were major characteristics used for determination of the species. All of them were described for the first time in Korea.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.481-486
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• 1995

염분농도가 상이한 1/2 Hoagland 수용액에 보리 유식물을 생육시켰을 때 수경액의 염분농도가 높아짐에 따른 몇가지 변화의 양상을 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지상부나 지하부의 생육량은 수경액에 25mM정도 NaCl이 함유된 때에 오히려 많았으나, NaCl 농도가 50mM 이상일 때에는 현저하게 감소하기 시작했다. 2. 식물체내의 수분함량은 수경액의 NaCl농도가 높아질수록 낮아져 염생식물과는 달리 식물체내에 있는 NaCl이 삼투압 조절물질로 작용하지는 않았다. 3. 수경액의 NaCl의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 초엽에 있어서 단위 면적당($cm^2$) 기공의 수는 많았으나(무처리;3,683, 100mM NaCl처리;5,153) 길이가 짧아져 약간씩 감소하였다. 4. 뿌리의 생장점은 수경액의 NaCl 농도가 75mM 이상인 경우에 핵분열이 심하게 저해되었다. 5. 수경액의 ,NaCl 농도가 75mM 이하의 경우 엽록체는 NaCl에 의해 stress를 받지 않아 형태적인 면에서 변화가 없었으나 근단 생장점의 Mitochondria가 파괴되는 현상을 볼 수 있었고 NaCl 75mM구에서 불규칙한 고형물질이 세포벽쪽에 밀집한 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권2호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2019

본 연구는 한국 전나무(Abies holophylla) 및 2종의 일본 전나무(A. firma 및 A. homolepis), 그리고 우리나라 법정 보호 전나무 간의 구별을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행하였다. 각각 조사대상목의 잎 끝의 형태적 특성을 분석한 결과, A. holophylla는 뾰족한 형태를 보였고, 반면에 A. firma와 A. homolepis는 미요두(微凹頭) 형태를 보였다. 그리고 법정 보호 전나무의 잎 끝은 원두(圓頭) 형태를 보였다. 각각 전나무 종들 간의 잎 기공수를 비교한 결과, A. holophylla와 A. firma의 잎 기공수는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, A. homolepis와 법정 보호 전나무의 잎 기공수는 매우 유사한 것으로 보였다. 엽록체 DNA 바코드(matK, atpF-atpH, rpoC2-rps2, rpoC1, psbA-trnH)를 이용하여 전나무 종간 유전적 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, atpF-atpH와 psbA-trnH 영역에서 A. firma와 다른 전나무 종들 간의 분명한 염기서열의 차이가 있었다. 하지만, 종명이 분명히 다른 한국 전나무(A. holophylla)와 일본 전나무(A. homolepis)간에 엽록체 염기 서열차이가 전혀 없으며, 또한 법정 보호 전나무와도 차이가 없었다. 따라서 이들 종간의 유전적 차이에 대한 구체적인 연구의 진행이 필요하다고 본다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2006

In the present study we studied the growth, photosynthetic traits and protective mechanisms against oxidative stress in the primary loaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings with or without UV-B treatment. Cucumber seedings were irradiated with UV-B for 10 days in environment-controlled growth chambers. The primary leaves irradiated with UV-B showed reduction in leaf length and decreased biomass production. The reduced biomass production seemed to be due to a negative effect of UV-B radiation on the photosynthetic process. Changes in chemical properties of leaf, such as chi a/b ratio affected photosynthesis. UV-B significantly affected chl b content compared with chi a in the light harvesting complex resulting reduced photosynthetic activity Fv/Fm decreased with an UV-B stress, suggesting that the photosynthetic apparatus, and particularly, PS II was damaged under UV-B stress. Malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration which represents the state of membrane lipid peroxidation Increased significantly under UV-B stress confirming an oxidative stress. UV-B exposure with SA solution(0.1-1.0 mM) can partially ameliorated some of the detrimental effects of UV-B stress. Leaf injuries including loss of chlorophyll and decreased ratio of Fv/Fm were reduced with combined application of UV-B and SA. ABA and JA showed similar mode of action in physiological effects on photosynthetic activities though the levels were lower than those from SA treated plants. Chloroplast ultrastructure was also affected by UV-B exposure. The thickness of leaf tissue components decreased and the number of grana and thylakoids was reduced in chloroplast applied UV-B or SA alone. At combined stress granal and stromal thylakoids were less affected. The leaves under combined stress acquired a significant tolerance to oxidative stress. From these results, it can be suggested that SA may have involved a protective role against UV-B induced oxidative damage.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1999

The expressed sequence tags(ESTs) from immature seed of rice, Oryza sativa cv Milyang 23, were partially sequenced and analyzed by homology. As of 1998, the partial sequences of about 6,600 cDNA clones were analyzed from normal and normalized immature seed cDNA libraries. About 2,200 ESTs were putatively identified by BLASTX deduced amino acid sequence homology analysis. About 20% of them were putatively identified as storage proteins. Also the clones were highly homologous to genes involved particularly in starch biosynthesis, glycolysis, signal transduction and defenses. Compared to 35% of redundancy in the ESTs of normal cDNA library, that from the substracted library was 15%. The Korea Rice Genome Network is maintained to provide the updated information of sequences, their homologies and sequence alignments of ESTs. For the stable expression of transgene in rice, diverse vectors were developed for overexpression, targeting and gene dosage effect with transit peptides (Tp) and matrix attachment region (MAR) sequence from chicken lysozyme locus. The rice calli were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404(pSB1) with the triparental mating technique and selected by herbicide resistance. The green fluorescent protein(GFP) gene in expression vector under the control of rbcS promoter-Tp was overexpressed upto 10 % of the total soluble protein. In addition, the Tp-sGFP fusion protein was properly processed during translocation into chloroplast. The expression of sGFP in the presence of MAR sequences was analyzed with Northern and immunoblot analysis. All the lines in which sGFP transgene with MAR sequence, showed position independent and copy number-dependent expression, while the lines without MAR showed the varied level of expression with the integration site. Thus the MAR sequence significantly reduced the variation in transgene expression between independent transformants.