• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.265-265
• /
• 2015

Zinc Oxide 층은 역구조 유기 태양전지(Inverted Organic Photovoltaics, IOPV)에서 전자 수집 층으로 사용되는데, 전자 수집 및 전기 전도도 증가를 위하여 일반적으로 3차원 나노 구조체 및 양이온이 도핑된 Zinc Oxide 층이 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 저온 3차원 나노 구조체 및 음이온이 도핑된 Zinc Oxide 층을 적용하였으며, 그 결과 전자 수집 향상, 전기 전도도의 증가에 의하여 광전변환 효율(Power Conversion Efficiency, PCE)이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.383-393
• /
• 2020

The corrosion behavior of Hastelloy C-276 was investigated to identify its applicability for carbon-anode-based oxide reduction (OR), in which Cl₂ and O₂ are simultaneously evolved at the anode. Under a 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 170 mL·min^-1 Ar flow, the corrosion rate was less than 1 g·m^-2·h^-1 up to 500℃, whereas the rate increased exponentially from 500 to 700℃. The effects of the Cl₂-O₂ composition on the corrosion rate at flow rates of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂, 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂, and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂ with a constant 170 mL·min^-1 Ar flow rate at 600℃ was analyzed. Based on the data from an 8 h reaction, the fastest corrosion rate was observed for the 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂ case, followed by 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂. The effects of the chlorine flow rate on the corrosion rate were negligible within the 5-30 mL·min^-1 range. A surface morphology analysis revealed the formation of vertical scratches in specimens that reacted under the Cl₂-O₂ mixed gas condition.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.844-849
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 천연물질유래 살균소독제인 CaO가 깻잎 중 존재하는 자연균총, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium에 미치는 저해효과를 알아보았고 chlorine, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide 등과 같은 주요 chemical sanitizer와 비교하였다. CaO를 농도별(0.05-0.2%), 시간별(2-10분) 처리했을 때 총호기성균은 $0.55-1.49\;log_{10}CFU/g$, 대장균은 $0.85-2.56\;log_{10}CFU/g$, E. coli는 $0.16-1.08\;log_{10}CFU/g$, L. monocytogenes는 $0.30-1.14\;log_{10}CFU/g$, S. typhimurium은 $0.19-1.07\;log_{10}CFU/g$의 감소를 보였으며, 특히 0.2%에서는 일반적으로 사용되는 100 ppm의 chlorine, 20% 이내의 ethanol, 1%의 hydrogen peroxide만큼 우수한 살균효과를 보였다. 본 연구에 따라 CaO는 기존의 화학적 살균제를 대체할 수 있는 좋은 천연물질유래 살균소독제로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.310-315
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 시멘트 제조 시 발생하는 CBS-dust의 새로운 활용방법을 모색하고자 일련의 연구를 진행하는데, CBS-dust의 물리 및 화학적 특성 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저, 물리적 성질로 밀도는 2.40g/㎤으로 시멘트보다 가볍고, pH는 12.50으로 강알칼리성이며, 입도의 경우는 시멘트보다 미세한 11.70㎛로 나타났다. 화학적 특성으로는 산화칼슘(CaO) 성분이 35.10%로 가장 많은 량을 나타내고, 산화칼륨(K₂O)이 32.43%, 염화칼륨(KCl)이 19.46% 삼산화황(SO₃)이 6.81%이며, 그 이외의 화학성분으로 SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, MgO, 기타 등이었다. 따라서, CBS-dust를 철근이 없는 혼화재를 다량 사용하는 콘크리트 2차 제품에 알칼리 활성화재로 사용한다면, 알칼리 자극제로 콘크리트의 강도증진 및 한중시공 시 초기동해 방지 등에 효과적인 활용법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• 제4권6호
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 2003

This paper describes the effect of halogenic gettering during oxide passivation of commercial solar cell with the $N^{+}$-P-$N^{+}$ structure. In order to study the effect of halogenic gettering on $N^{+}$-P-$N^{+}$ structure mono-crystalline silicon solar cell, we performed conventional POCl$_3$ diffusion for emitter formation and oxide passivation in the presence of HCl vapors. The $N^{+}$-P-$N^{+}$ structure based silicon solar cells were found to have higher short circuit current and minority carrier lifetime. Their performance was also found to be superior than the conventional $N^{+}$-P-$N^{+}$ structure based mono-crystalline silicon solar cell. The cell parameters of the $n^{+}$-p-$p^{+}$ and $n^{+}$-p-$n^{+}$ structure based cells, passivated by HCl assisted oxidation were measured. The improvement in $I_{sc}$ was attributed to the effect of the increased diffusion length of minority carriers, which came from the halogenic gettering effect during the growth of passivating oxide. The presence of chlorine caused gettering of the cells by removing the heavy metals, if any. The other advantage of the presence of chlorine was the removal of the diffusion induced (in oxygen environment) stacking faults and line defects from the surfaces of the silicon wafers. All these effects caused the improvement of the minority carrier lifetime, which in-turn helped to improve the quality of the solar cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.639-642
• /
• 2006

This study aimed to identify effective washing and sanitation programs to minimize the contamination of cooked rice by B. cereus. As such, the effectiveness of five sanitizers, including QAC, alcohol, chlorine, CaO, and $H_2O_2$, was evaluated in relation to the survivability of B. cereus spores in cooked rice and resulting sensory properties of the rice. The water-treated cooked rice showed remaining B. cereus spores at 1.09 $log_{10}CFU/g$. In contrast, treatment with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the sanitizers, such as 200 ppm of QAC, 50% of alcohol, 100 ppm of chlorine, 650 ppm of CaO, and 500 ppm of $H_2O_2$, destroyed all the spores in the cooked rice below a non-detection limit (ND< 0.15 CFU/g). The sensory properties of the sanitizer-treated (1,000 ppm of $H_2O_2$, 100 ppm of chlorine, and 800 ppm of CaO) cooked rice did not differ significantly from those of the water-treated cooked rice. As a result, 500 ppm of $H_2O_2$, 650 ppm of CaO, and 100 ppm of chlorine were found to effectively eliminate B. cereus spores in rice while cooking.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2018

Many countries have conducted extensive studies for biomass co-firing to enhance the durability of reactor on high-temperature corrosion. However, due to the complicated mechanisms of biomass co-firing, there have been limitations in accurately determining the current state of corrosion and predicting the potential risk of corrosion of power plant. In order to solve this issue, this study introduced Lab-scale corrosion system to analyze the corrosion characteristics of the A213 T91 material under the biomass co-firing conditions. The corrosion status of the samples was characterized using SEM/EDS analysis and mass loss measurement according to various biomass co-firing conditions such as corrosion temperature, $SO_2$ concentration, and corrosion time. As a result, the corrosion severity of A213 T91 material was gradually increased with the increase of $SO_2$ concentration in the reactor. When $SO_2$ concentration was changed from 0 ppm to 500 ppm, both corrosion severity and oxide layer thickness were proportionally increased by 15% and 130%, respectively. The minimum corrosion was observed when the corrosion temperature was $450^{\circ}C$. As the temperature was increased up to $650^{\circ}C$, the faster corrosion behavior of A213 T91 was observed. A213 T91 was observed to be more severely corroded by the effect of chlorine, resulting in faster corrosion rate and thicker oxide layer. Interestingly, corrosion resistance of A213 T91 tended to gradually decrease rather than increases as the oxide layer was formed. The results of this study is expected to provide necessary research data on boiler corrosion in biomass co-firing power plants.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.813-822
• /
• 2006

Soluble manganese removal was analyzed as a function of filter media, filter depth, presence or absence of chlorination, and surface manganese oxide concentration in water treatment processes. Sand, manganese oxide coated sand (MOCS), sand+MOCS, and granular activated carbon(GAC) were used as filter media. Manganese removal, surface manganese oxide concentration, turbidity removal, and regeneration of MOCS in various filter media were investigated. Results indicated that soluble manganese removal in MOCS was rapid and efficient, and most of the removal happened at the top of the filter. When filter influent (residual chlorine 1.0mg/L) with an average manganese concentration of 0.204mg/L was fed through a filter column, the sand+MOCS and MOCS columns can remove 98.9% and 99.2% of manganese respectively on an annual basis. On the other hand, manganese removal in sand and the GAC column was minimal during the initial stage of filtration, but after 8 months of filter run they removed 99% and 35% of manganese, respectively. Sand turned into MOCS after a certain period of filtration, while GAC did not. In MOCS, the manganese adsorption rate on the filter media was inversely proportional to the filter depth, while the density of media was proportional to the filter depth.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.490-495
• /
• 1996

Organocyclosiloxane oligomer[$(R_2SiO)_n$, n=2, 3, 4, 5]와 dimethyldichlorosilane을 Pyridine N-oxide 촉매 존재하에서 개환 반응시켜 linear chlorine terminated siloxane(yields;71.2~86.5%)를 얻었다. $0^{\circ}C$에서 linear chlorine terminated siloxane과 dimethylamine을 반응시켜 amino terminated siloxane oligomer(yields;76.2~85.3%)를 얻은 후 이 화합물들과 1,4-bis(dimethylhydroxysilyl)benzene을 반응시켜 공중합체들(yields;58.0~71.0%)을 합성하였다. 이들 공중합체의 구조는 FT-IR 및 $^1H$-NMR로 확인하였으며, DSC 및 TGA thermogram을 통하여 이들 중합체들의 열적특성을 조사하였다. TGA thermogram으로부터 polymer I (n=2)의 초기분해온도는 $476^{\circ}C$로 가장 낮았고, polymer IV(n=5)가 $485^{\circ}C$로 가장 높았다. n의 수가 증가할수록 열안정성은 다소 우수한 것으로 관찰되었고, DSC thermogram에서 중합체들의 유리전이온도는 polymr IV (n=5)가 $-76^{\circ}C$로 가장 낮았으며, n의 수가 감소할수록 높게 나타났음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국섬유공학회 2003년도 The Korea-Japan Joint Symposium
• /
• pp.85-86
• /
• 2003

Shrink-proofing processing of wool fabrics is practically carried out by means of oxidation of wool with choline and/or covering of wool surface with resins. But, these are not necessarily environmentally friendly process causing a waste fluid containing organic chlorine compounds. Development of alternative method using more environmentally friendly process is desired. In this study, utilization of titanium oxide, TiO$_2$, photocatalytic reaction for the shrink-proofing of wool has been examined. It was found that the treatment of wool by TiO$_2$ photocatalytic reaction gave good shrink-proofing characteristics to wool fabrics.