• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.224-230
• /
• 2006

Microbial contamination levels and legal preservative appropriation in child foods sampled from the neighborhood of elementary schools were investigated. Contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria in seasoned dried fish slices, bread and snacks, sausages, sugar products and dumplings were $1.70\~6.91,\;1.40\~6.66$, 4.50, $3.48\~5.88$, and $4.79\~4.82\;log_{10}$ CFU/g, respectively. Coliforms in four kinds of foods except for dumplings were $2.30\~6.60,\;4.22\~~5.98$, 2.00, and $2.78\;log_{10}$ CFU/g, respectively. Yeasts and molds in those foods were $0.10\~4.23,\;1.66\~4.91,\;1.46\~1.91,\;1.56\~4.26$, and $1.12\~1.84\;log_{10}$ CFU/g, respectively. S. aureus was isolated in $18\%$ of seasoned dried fish slices ($1.00\~2.84\;log_{10}$ CFU/g), $33\%$ of bread and snacks ($1.70\~1.79\;log_{10}$ CFU/g), $50\%$ of sausages ($3.28\;log_{10}$ CFU/g), $22\%$ of sugar products ($2.16\~2.88\;log_{10}$ CFU/g), and $100\%$ of dumplings $(1.18\~3.31\;log_{10}\;CFU/g)$ B. cereus was isolated in $21\%$ of seasoned dried fish slices $(0.70\~2.48\;log_{10}\;CFU/g)$, $50\%$ of bread and snacks $(0.70\;log_{10}\;CFU/g)$, and $11\%$ of sugar products $(0.30\;log_{10}\;CFU/g)$. Both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were not isolated in all samples. Preservative was only labeled on four products among 15 products but preservative on 13 products including 4 products haying an indication of preservative were not detected. Moreover, $0.30\%$ of sorbic acid was detected in one of Squid products . The results of this study indicated that the hygienic level of child foods in Gyeonggi and Incheon was very poor and need to be improved.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.598-607
• /
• 2006

The following study has been conducted by carrying out the nutrition education program for preschool children and measuring the change in their food preference and nutritional knowledge. The 28 boys and 22 girls with the average height of $117.4{\pm}5.1cm$ and weight $21.8{\pm}3.5kg$ participated in the study. The favorite foods of the children were: meat (51.1%) being the highest, fruits (38.3%), carbohydrates (23.4%), while the least favored food was vegetables (75%). It indicated that 36.2% of the children were having unbalanced diets. The change in food preference after the implementation of the nutrition education program was the significant increase in preference in vegetables and fruits (p<0.01) and proteins such as meat, fish, eggs and beans (p<0.05). The differences in food preference among boys and girls were that the boys showed significant increase in vegetables and fruits (p<0.01) while there was a decrease in the simple sugar groups (p<0.01). Regarding girls, there were significant increases in vegetables and fruits as well as protein groups of meat, fish, eggs and beans (p<0.01). The changes in the nutritional knowledge of the preschool children after the implementation of the nutrition education program were scores for the fruits and vegetables group and carbohydrates group showed a significant increase while the scores for the oil and nuts group had decreased considerably. The average score on nutritional knowledge has significantly increased from 9.07 to 10.17 (p<0.01) and the score on the roles of the nutrients increased from 3.02 to 3.48 (p<0.05). The changes in eating habits of the children after the nutrition education were the answer for the change in eating habits of the children after the nutrition education was 'slight change' 61.4%. Also, the change in food preference was 'slight change' 61.4% and the improvement in nutrition education was 'slightly' 50%. According to the results of this study, it is evident that the change in eating habits and the acquisition of nutritional knowledge is very difficult, thus requiring consistent and prolonged education. Therefore, it seems to be best to include a more systematic and professional nutrition education program in preschool education. Also, the education for the parents should be implemented since the effect of education on children is greater when it is closely connected with the education at home.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.866-873
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current dietary habits, health related behaviors, nutrition knowledge and body indices, and to investigate the changes in nutrition knowledge for designing and monitoring nutrition education program among preschool children. The subjects were 1,200 preschool children, aged $4{\sim}6$ years. A measurement of the height and weight was conducted. The general home environment, the dietary habit of children and nutrition knowledge were collected using a questionnaire that included information about family income, parent's education and occupations. Using the PIBW, 14.6% of the preschool children were under weight, 54.4% were normal, and 31.0% were overweight or obese. We regarded to food habit score, the highest score was in the regularity of breakfast, while the lowest score was in consumption of yellow-green vegetables such as spinach and carrots. Result in food behavior showed that 69.1% of preschool children had a unbalanced diet, and their favorite snack was fast food like pizza and hamburger then followed soft drink and fried foods (chicken of potato). After nutrition education, there was somewhat improvement in the nutrition knowledge score of preschool children from $7.7{\pm}1.7$ point to $8.9{\pm}1.5$ point. These results suggest that nutrition education help preschool children change their nutrition knowledge. Therefore, it would be needed that new appropriate nutrition education to improve dietary habits and health status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.52-61
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of excessive sugar, sodium, cholesterol, and saturated fat consumptions by elementary school students through processed food's intake. A survey study was conducted with 384 fourth and sixth grade students and their mothers from two schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The data were analyzed for the frequency analysis, chi-square test and Pearson correlation using the SPSS/Windows (ver. 15.0). Results showed that students consumed high amounts of sugars through processed milk and carbonated beverages, and yogurt. Additionally, they had high sodium and saturated fat levels in their diet through Ramen. There was significant correlation (p<0.01) between mothers' purchasing and students' intake of processed food. Overall, both students and mothers had some knowledge on the impact of sodium on human health. About 50 percent of the respondents did not have accurate information about cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat. More than 50 percent of students and mothers had no nutritional education on the risk of excessive intake of sugar, sodium, cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat. Top twenty percent of the students had 39.7 g of sugar, 940.1 mg of sodium, 17.8 mg of cholesterol, and 11.2 g of saturated fat through processed foods per day on the average. These results suggest that execution of nutritional education about processed food is needed for high risk group of elementary school students and their mothers. Moreover, government must enact the regulation and policy for the food industry to reduce the risky nutrients from children's favorite processed food.