• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 1995

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can effectively control cancer but can also cause new second cancers to develop as long-term complications especially in childhood cancer. We experienced two patients with second malignant solid neoplasm who had been treated with radiation and chemotherapy for childhood cancers One female patient with rhabdomyosarcoma of the right popliteal fossa was treated with radiotherapy at total dose of 54Gy Three years and seven months later, osteosarcoma developed in the field of radiation therapy The other male patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small bowel was treated with radiotherapy and leiomyosarcoma developed in the field of radiotherapy 18 years later. We reviewed the literature of the second malignant neoplasm in children in respect of risk factors. The risk for a second primary cancer following radiotherapy or chemotherapy emphasizes the need for life long follow-up of patients receiving such treatments, particularly patients treated for childhood cancers.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.162-173
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• 2006

Purpose : To report the decreasing indicence of HBV(Hepatitis B virus)-associated membranous nephropathy in children after HBV vaccination and to elucidate the clinical course and treatment strategies of IMN(Idiopathic membranous nephropathy). Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinico-pathological findings of HBV-MN and IMN patients who underwent a renal biopsy from 1986 to 2005. We compared the HBV-MN and the IMN groups and the remission and the non-remission groups of patients with IMN. Results : Among 24 cases of MN patients, HBV-MN comprised 6 cases(25%) and IMN 18 cases(75%). Clinical masnifestations were nephrotic syndrome(3 cases, 50%), nephritic syndrome(1 case, 16.7%), asymptomatic(2 cases, 33.4%) in the HBV-MN group, asymptomatic(10 cases, 55.5%), nephrotic syndrome(5 cases, 27.8%), and gross hematuria(3 cases, 16.7%) in the IMN groups. From 1996 to 2000, there were 2 cases(28%) of HBV-MN and 5 cases(72%) of IMN. After 2001 all 10 cases were IMN. In the HBV-MN group, 4 cases(66.7%) received interferon and 1 cases received methylprednisolone pulse therapy. In the IMN group, 16 cases(88.9%) received methylprednisolone, 8 cases(44.4%) were in complete remission, 2 cases(11.1%) were in partial remission, 2 cases(11.1%) were in chronic renal failure, and 5 cases(27.8%) were lost to follow-up with sustained proteinuria, 1 case(5.6%) continued to have frequent relapse of nephrotic syndrome without renal insufficiency. In the comparison between remission and non-remission groups, nephrotic range proteinuria and hypertension were more significantly common in the non-remission group(P<0.05). Conclusion : With HBV vaccination, HBV-MN has decreased markedly. IMN is a rare glomerular disease in children. Because the prognosis for patients with nephrotic range proteinuria is poor this group needs more aggressive treatment.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.227-231
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• 1999

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a clinical syndrome with various etiology and pathogenesis. And pneumococcal neuraminidase has been known to play a pathogenetic role in some cases with this syndrome. We experienced two children with hemolytic uremic syndrome complicated by pneumococcal infection. One was 21-month-old girl with pneumococcal pneumonia, and the other was 7-month-old girl with pneumococcal meningitis and sepsis. Both of them showed typical clinical manifestations of hemolytic uremic syndrome with prolonged anuria during the course of pneumococcal infection. The renal functions of both cases did not recovered after resolution of acute hemolytic episode and chronic renal failure developed.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 1997

Polycystic kidney disease is defined as a heritable disorder with diffuse involvement of both kidneys without dysplasia other than cysts. The major clinical entities of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease have a considerable overlap in clinical presentations and radiographic features in the pediatric population. We experienced three cases of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease of neonate who expired within 24 hours due to respiratory difficulty and the other case was detected by gross hematuria. So we report four cases with brief review of literatures.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1134-1140
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• 2002

Purpose : Childhood accidents have been increasing recently. Accidents rank as the leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. We performed this study to evaluate the causes of childhood accidents. Methods : The authors analysed retrospectively the medical records of 6,410 cases of childhood accidental injuries who visited the emergency room of Asan Medical Center from January 1990 to December 1999. Results : The most common type of accidents was trauma which accounted for 5,038 cases of the total accidents, followed by falls, burns, foreign body aspiration, and poisoning. The most common age of foreign body aspiration was under two years old and the male to female ratio was 2 to 1. The most common site of foreign body aspiration was the esophagus and the stomach, followed by the respiratory tract. In airways, the right and left main bronchus were the most common site for foreign body aspiration and were accompanied by the highest mortality. The most common foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract were coins and peanuts, respectively. Conclusion : The most common cause of accidents was trauma, followed by falls, burns, foreign body aspiration, and poisoning. The incidence of foreign body aspiration and poisoning is increasing in infants. In cases of foreign bodies in airways, proper management is needed because of the high mortality rate.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 1996

Although nonoperative reduction plays a major role in the management of uncomplicated intussusception in the pediatric age group, surgical treatment is still a necessary alternative when nonoperative reduction is unsuccessful. The author analyzed the clinical features of 68 patients requiring operation in order to identify factors which might influence the type of operative management. A nine-year experience at Ewha Womans University Hospital was reviewed, and the findings compared to previous reports. Barium was used for the initial reduction attempt in 33 cases, saline in 35. Manual reduction by milking at operation achieved success in 41 cases(60.3%). Fifteen cases(22.1%) required resection of bowel, and 12 patients(17.6%) were found to have spontaneous and complete reduction of the intussusception at operation. Two cases had pathologic leading points. There were no perforations due to nonoperative reduction. There were no significant differences in demographic data, clinical findings, laboratory data, and anatomic type of intussusception between barium and saline reduction groups. However, a significant number of cases with spontaneous reduction were in saline reduction group(p<0.05). There was a slight chance of spontaneous reduction in infants under 6 month of age(p<0.001). Age under 6 month. body temperature over $38^{\circ}C$, symptom over 24 hours, and ileo-colic and ileo-ileo-colic intussusception contributed significantly to the necessity for bowel resection(p<0.05-0.001). The author believes that the age, body temperature, duration of illness, and anatomic type of intussusception strongly influence operative management.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the process of framing child abuse cases through the news coverage after the enforcement of mandatory CCTV installation policy which was initiated in 2015. Methods: The research uses the revised and supplemented frame analysis tools developed by Iyengar (1990) and Semetko and Valkenburg (2000) to investigate 25 broadcasting news reported by KBS, from September 2015 to December 2017. Results: First, according to the formal analysis, the reports on abuse cases prove to be either a mixed or episodic frame which covers the cases heavily based on a particular incident rather than holistically looks into the situation. Second, in content analysis, child abuse news is delivered mainly through "human interest frame." Conclusion/Implications: The study identifies three dominant discourses formed as a result of the child abuse CCTV news: 'CCTV is a all-around player' discourse, 'preschool teachers as potential criminals' discourse and 'preschool teachers as nonprofessionals' discourse. This study is significant in that it presents that mass media do not always say the truth, but frame social issues within an ideological delivery system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6663-6668
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• 2015

Background: Treatment failure in leukemia is due to either pharmacokinetic resistance or cell resistance to drugs. Materials and Methods: Gene expression of multiple drug resistance protein (MDR-1), multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP) and low resistance protein (LRP) was assessed in 45 pediatric ALL cases and 7 healthy controls by real time PCR. The expression was scored as negative, weak, moderate and strong. Results: The male female ratio of cases was 2.75:1 and the mean age was 5.2 years. Some 26/45 (58%) were in standard risk, 17/45(38%) intermediate and 2/45 (4%) in high risk categorie, 42/45 (93%) being B-ALL and recurrent translocations being noted in 5/45 (11.0%). Rapid early response (RER) at day 14 was seen in 37/45 (82.3%) and slow early response (SER) in 8/45 (17.7%) cases. Positive expression of MDR-1, LRP and MRP was noted in 14/45 (31%), 15/45 (33%) and 27/45 (60%) cases and strong expression in 3/14 (21%), 11/27 (40.7%) and 8/15 (53.3%) cases respectively. Dual or more gene positivity was noted in 17/45 (38%) cases. 46.5 % (7/15) of LRP positive cases at day 14 were in RER as compared to 100% (30/30) of LRP negative cases (p<0.05). All 8 (100%) LRP positive cases in SER had strong LRP expression (p=<0.05). Moreover, only 53.3% of LRP positive cases were in haematological remission at day 30 as compared to 100% of LRP negative cases (p=<0.05). Conclusions: Our study indicated that increased LRP expression at diagnosis in pediatric ALL predicts poor response to early treatment and hence can be used as a prognostic marker. However, larger prospective studies with longer follow up are needed, to understand the clinical relevance of drug resistance proteins.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2006

Leukemias are common worldwide. Wilms'tumor1 (WT1) protein is highly expressed in leukemic blast cells of myeloid and lymphoid origin. Thus, WT1 mRNA serves as a tumor marker for leukemias detection and monitoring disease progression. Curcumin is well known for its anticancer property. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on WT1 gene expression in patient leukemic cells. The leukemic cells were collected from 70 childhood leukemia patients admitted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, in the period July 2003 to February 2005. There were 58 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 10 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), and 2 cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). There were 41 males and 29 females ranging from 1 to 15 years old. Leukemic cells were cultured in the presence or absence of 10 mM curcumin for 48 h. WT1 mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. The result showed that curcumin reduced WT1 gene expression in the cells from 35 patients (50%). It affected the WT1 gene expression in 4 of 8 relapsed cases (50%), 12 of 24 cases of drug maintenance (50%), 7 of 16 cases of completed treatment (44%), and 12 of 22 cases of new patients (54%). The basal expression levels of WT1 gene in leukemic patient cells as compared to that of K562 cells were classified as low level (1-20%) in 6 of 20 cases (30%), medium level (21-60%) in 12 of 21 cases (57%), and high level (61-100%) in 17 of 23 cases (74%). In summary, curcumin decreased WT1 mRNA in patient leukemic cells. Thus, curcumin treatment may provide a lead for clinical treatment in leukemic patients in the future.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 1998

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, a gram-negative coccobacillus, is a member of the enterobacteriaceae family, and the illness has fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, mesenteric lymphadenitis, terminal ileitis, arthropathy, erythema nodosum. Specially in children, it is known as an important cause of acute renal failure due to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. It has been recognized in a worldwide distribution. For the first time, the cases of acute renal failure caused by this organism were reported in Japan in 1980's. In Korea, the first case accompanying with ARF was reported in 1988. Since that, many cases have been reported in Seoul area, but no case in other places. So we report 2 cases of Y.P. infection accompanying with ARF in Pusan area, for the first time in other place than Seoul area.