• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2014

목적 본 연구의 목적은 영유아의 구강건강 관리 실태를 파악하기 위해 구강건강에 대한 부모의 지식, 태도 및 실천을 분석하여 영유아 구강건강 유지 및 증진을 위한 프로그램의 기초자료를 마련하기 위함이다. 방법 본 연구는 서술적 조사연구로, 서울시의 행정 5개 권역별 1세 아동의 수에 따라 비례표집하여 5개 소아청소년과와 2개 보건소에 방문한 생후 11개월부터 16개월 사이의 영유아 부모 380명을 대상으로 한국 영유아 구강건강 평가도구를 사용하여 설문조사하였다. 2010년 10월 11일부터 29일까지 자료수집을 하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 17.0 program을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 영유아 부모는 주로 인터넷, 육아서적, 지인을 통해 자녀의 구강 건강에 대한 정보를 얻었다. 영유아 부모는 자녀의 구강건강에 대해 올바른 태도를 가지고 있지만 구강건강에 대한 지식이 부족하고 실천 정도가 낮았다. 영유아 구강건강 지식과 태도는 정적상관관계가 있었다. 영유아 구강건강 지식은 부모의 연령, 학력, 수입, 영유아 월령에 따라 차이가 있었고, 태도는 부모의 학력과 수입에 따라 차이가 있었다. 실천은 부모의 나이, 수입, 주 돌봄자, 영유아 월령에 따라 차이가 있었다. 결론 영유아 구강건강 유지 및 증진을 위해서 영유아 부모와 주 돌봄자를 대상으로 지식 함양과 자신감을 향상시키고 구강건강 실천을 효과적으로 할 수 있도록 영유아 구강건강에 대해 정확한 정보를 제공하고 구강 건강관리 방법에 대해 구체적인 방법을 교육하는 중재가 필요하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 1968

Introduction In order to improve medical education through the introduction of a concept of comprehensive health care of a community, an area surrounding the University Campus was chosen for the Community Health Service Project. It has been on operation for last 4 years with its major emphasis on family planning services, and maternal and child health care. The major objectives of this survey at the area are to obtain: 1) The demographic data, 2) The health need and trend of medical care, 3) The attitude and practice in maternity care to be used for further improvement of the planning and the services of the project. Population and Survey Method Out of three Dongs of the Community Health Service Area, only two Dongs namely Changchun and Yonhee were selected for the survey. Total number of households and population in the area studied was 3,683 and 21,857 respectively. An interview was performed with questionnaire schedule which was recorded by interviewers. This includes the degree of utilization of health services provided by the Community Health Service Program such as family planning, prenatal care during their last pregnancy, delivery history and complications of the delivery as well as the incidence of illnesses in general. Prior to the interview, all interviewers were trained for interviewing technique for two days. The survey was carried out during the period from October December 1967. Results 1) Demographic Data : 41.3% of the population studied were children under age 15 and only 3.5% were over 60 years of age. Crude birth rate and crude death rate of this area studied during the period of November 1966-October 1967 were 20.5 and 7.7 respectively. Infant mortality rate during the same period was 35.9. 50.4% of the 2,832 households fell into the category of middle class, 39.8% to the lower class and 9.5% to the upper class in economic condition. 19.8% of 2,832 householders had no formal education, 22.7% primary school, and 57.5% middle or higher school education. 2) Health Status and Utilization of the Community Health Service: Those who suffered from many illnesses during the month of October, 1967 were 690(4.6% of 14,891 persons). Classification of these patients into the type of disease shown respiratory diseases 27.4%, gastrointestinal diseases 18.1%, tuberculosis 10.9%, skin and genitourethral diseases 4.5% and gynecologic patients 4.5%. Only 55.9% of the patients received medical care at hospital or doctor's clinic. But among TB and gynecologic patients, 70.7% and 72.4% were treated at medical facilities. 10.6% of 2,832 householders interviewed has ever utilized the Community Health Service Program provided by the Yonsei Medical School, Classifying these clients into the type of service, 35.9% utilized the wellbaby clinic, 31.0% the family planning clinic, 14.7% the home delivery care, and the rest utilized other services such as the premarital guidance cinlic and the sanitary inspection service. 3) Maternity Care: 23.6% of 2,151 deliveries were done at medical facilities such as hospital, private clinic, while 76.4% were done at home. Acceptance rate of prenatal care was 32.6% as whole, but 49.6 of 774 women who had the prenatal care service had their deliveries at medical facility. 45.1% of total deliveries were attended by medical and or paramedical personnel. 75.8% of the deliveries of those received prenatal care were attended by medical and or paramedical personnel while only 27.8% of the deliveries of those who did not have prenatal care attended by medical and or paramedical personnel. 49.8% of deliveries of the upper class, 29.8% of the middle class and 9.9% of the lower class were attended by medical and or paramedical personnel. 6.2, 3.3% and 24.8% of mothers reported about their xeperience of edema, coma and fever during the period of trimester of pregnancy and puerperium. 4) Family Planning: The rate of practice of family planning was 27.9%. 31.7% of them were by IUD, 2.9% by oral pill, 15.2% by sterilization and the rest by traditional methods. Those women who had 3 to 4 children had highest(30.2%). Practice rate among the various methods of family planning, oral pill was the most popular method to whom had 2 or less children. In relation between the practicing rate of family planning and living standard, the upper, middle and lower class practiced 37.5, 29.4 and 19.9% respectively.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.413-431
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of the family whose child has died of cancer The qualitative re-search method used was grounded theory. The interviewees were 17 mothers who had cared for a child who had died of cancer Traditionally in Korea, mothers are the care givers in the family and are considered sensitive to the family's thoughts, feelings. The data were collected through in-depth interviews by the investigator over a period of nine months. The data were analyzed simultaniously by a constant comparative method in which new data are continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. The 16 concepts which were found as a result of analyzing the grounded data were, -left over time, the empty place, meaninglessness, inner sadness, situational sadness, heartache, physical pain, guilt, resentment, regret, support / stigmatization, finding meaning in the death, changing attitudes about life and living, changing attitudes about health, changing religious practice and changing family relations. Five categories emerged from the analysis. They were emptiness, consisting of left over time, the empty place and meaninglessness ; sadness, consisting of inner sadness and situational sadness ; pain, consisting of heartache and physical pain ; bitterness, consisting of guilt, resentment, regret, sup-port / stigmatization and finding meaning in the death : and transition, consisiting of changing attitudes about life and living, changing attitudes about health, changing religious practice and changing family relations. These categories were synthesized into the core concept, -the process of filling the empty space. The core phenomenon was emptiness. Emptiness varied with the passing of time, was perceived differently according to support / stigmatization and finding meaning in the death, was followed by sad-ness, pain, and bitterness, and finally resulted in changes in attitudes about life and living and about health, and in changes in religious practice and family relations. The process of filling the empty space proceeded by ① accepting realty, ② searching for the reason for the child's death, ③ controlling the bitter feelings, ④ reconstructing the relationships ameng death, illness and health and ⑤ filling the emptiness by resolving causes of child's death, adopting, having another child or with work. Six hypotheses were derived from the analysis. ① The longer the bereavement, the mere the empty space becomes filled. ② The longer the hospitalization, the more sup-port the family needs. ③ The more the sadness, pain and bitterness are expressed, the mere positive changes emerge. ④ Family support faciliates the process of filling the empty space. ⑤ Higher family cohesiveness faciliates the process of filling the empty space. ⑥ The greater the variety of reasons attributed to the child's death, the greater the variety of patterns of change. Four propositions related to emptiness and bitter-ness were developed. ① When the sense of emptiness is great and bitterness is manifested by severe feelings of guilt and resentment, the longer the process of fill-ing the empty space. ② When the sense of emptiness is great and the family is highly motivated to get rid of the bitterness, the shorter the process of filling the empty space. ③ When the sense of emptiness is less and bitter-ness is manifested by severe feelings of guilt and resentment, the process of filling the empty space is delayed. ④ When the sense of emptiness is less and the family is highly motivated to get rid of the bitterness, the process of filling the empty space goes on to completion. Through this substantive theory, nurses under-stand the importance of emptiness and bitterness in helping the family that has lost a child through cancer fill the empty space. Further research to build substantive theories to explain other losses may con-tribute to a formal theory of how family health is restored after human tragedies are experienced.

• 한국인구학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.97-116
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• 2007

저출산 현상의 지속과 심화, 그리고 그것이 갖는 사회적 파장이 부각됨에 따라 출산관련연구가 다시 활기를 띠고 있다. 특히 최근에는 IMF 위기라는 전사회적 현상 속에서 개인의 출산행위가 어떻게 변화하는가에 대한 연구들이 주목을 받고 있다. 이 연구는 기존연구들을 바탕으로 출산행위에 관련된 요소들을 사회인구학적 변수와 경제적 상황, 출산관련 생활사건변수, 시부모 및 친정부모 생존여부, 현존자녀 및 이상자녀변수 등으로 파악하였다. 그러나 기존연구들과는 달리 출산아수가 아니라 출산계획을 분석대상으로 하는 한편, 현재의 출산아수별로 출산계획과 그에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 분석하고 있다. 한국보건사회연구원이 실시한 '전국 결혼 및 출산 동향조사'에서 35세 이하 기혼여성들을 추출해 분석해 본 결과, 첫째아 계획은 보편적인 현상이며 둘째아 계획에는 가구경제의 안정성, 양육보조자의 존재 등이 중요한 요소임을 발견했다. 이는 둘째아 계획이 주어진 경제와 양육여건에 따라 선택적으로 이루어질 수 있음을 의미한다. 한편, 셋째아 계획은 남아의 존재여부와 이상자녀의 성 구분이 중요한 것으로 나타나, 남아(선호)가 여전히 상당 역할을 하고 있음을 발견했다. 이는 출산아수에 따라 출산계획의 기제가 차별적임을 의미한다. 출산계획의 출산아수별 차별적인 기제는 출산행위에 대한 깊이를 더할 것으로 예상된다. 또한 이 같은 기제를 접근하는 데 있어 계량적인 접근방식과 더불어 심층적이고 체계적인 질적 연구(특히 집단초점토론)가 병행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국아동복지학
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• 제57호
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• pp.83-112
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 다문화가정 아동의 부모-자녀관계가 영적안녕감과 자아탄력성을 통해 아동의 문화적응에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 그 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 전국 7개 지역에 위치한 200개의 다문화교육 중점학교와 다문화 예비 초등학교 4-6학년 다문화가정 아동을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 최종적으로 본 연구의 대상으로 119개의 대상학교에 재학중인 706명이 포함되었으며, 아동의 자료는 구조방정식 모형을 통해 분석하였다. 매개효과와 유의성 검증을 위해서 Sobel 검정을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과로는 우선, 다문화가정 아동의 부모-자녀관계는 아동의 영적안녕감과 자아탄력성을 높이는 직접적 영향을 보였으나 아동의 문화적응에는 유의미한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 부모-자녀관계는 아동의 영적안녕감과 자아탄력성을 높임으로써 문화적응도 높이는 것으로 나타나 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 다문화가정 아동의 문화적응 향상을 위한 정책적, 실천적 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.207-230
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 영유아 개인변인(성별, 연령, 기질), 또래유능성, 교사관계와 어린이집 적응과의 관계를 살펴보고, 나아가 이러한 변인들이 어린이집 적응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 수도권에 위치한 어린이집에 다니고 있는 2, 3세 영유아 130명과 학부모, 그리고 담임교사 13명을 대상으로 개인변인, 또래유능성, 교사관계, 어린이집 적응에 대해 질문지를 이용해 평가하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 영유아의 연령에 따른 적응에는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 성별 및 기질에 따라 차이가 있었다. 즉, 여아가 남아보다 더 잘 적응하였으며, 새로운 자극에 대한 회피성이 높고 지구성이 낮을수록 잘 적응하였다. 둘째, 영유아의 또래유능성에 있어서 사교성, 친사회성, 주도성이 높을수록 전반적으로 더 잘 적응하였다. 셋째, 영유아가 교사와 친밀할수록 그리고 갈등이 적고 의존성이 낮을수록 어린이집에 전반적으로 더 잘 적응하였다. 넷째, 영유아의 어린이집 적응에 대한 개인변인, 또래유능성 및 교사관계 변인의 상대적 영향력을 분석한 결과, 개인변인은 유의한 영향력이 나타나지 않았으며 교사와의 갈등 정도, 또래관계의 주도성, 그리고 교사와의 친밀감 순으로 유의한 영향력을 보였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 함께 후속연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of child's general property, mother's social and economic property, mother's knowledge and behavior in oral hygiene upon the appearance and treatment of child's primary tooth decay. For the purpose, oral examination was applied to one hundred three(103) small children who were at the age between four(4) and seven(7) and went to two(2) places of day care centers located in Seoul, and questionnaire was done to their mothers. The results of the study are as follows. 1. The number of children's dt is 1.55, the number of their ft is 1.42, dft index for primary tooth is 2,98, ft rate is 45.61%, and the higher child's age is, the higher their value is. 2. Mother's age, educational background, and occupation does not show significant difference with dft index for primary tooth. The higher mother's monthly average income is, the higher child's ft rate is. 3. dft index for primary tooth does not show significant difference according 10 mother's knowledge in oral hygiene. And, the child of mother using dental floss does show higher it rate in comparison with the one of mother who does not use dental floss, 4. Experience using dental clinic to treatment tooth decay does show significant difference with dft index for primary tooth. And experience using dental clinic for the purpose of oral examination and preventive treatment does show significant difference with ft rate. 5. From the result of multiple regression with dependent variable of dft index for primary tooth, there is no variable having significant influence. From the result of multiple regression with dependent variable of ft rate, explanatory variable is 43%, child's age, mother's occupation, mother's monthly average income, and experience using dental clinic to prevent tooth decay are significant explanatory elements. Through the above results, we can know that mother should practice positive behavior in oral hygiene for child to improve oral health. Under the reason, oral health education should be applied toward mothers as soon as possible, and governmental support should be followed so that mothers can participate in the education.

• 아동학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.94-106
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• 1980

The issue presented in this paper are as follows: 1. Legislative actions of welfare-related law for the exceptional children. The legislative base for the evolution has been yet weak and ambigous at best for a formalization of what should be considered accepted practice and effective action in providing handicapped child and their parents educational rights and equal protection of the law. And they are under remote control of partial factor subject to social welfare law for children, and public law for education, promotion law for the exceptional child education, protection law for public aids. 2. Organization of government for the welfare services for the exceptional children. There is no sing of a push toward consolidation of effort for the welfare service of the exceptional children in this country that seeks to recapture a sense of unity, of coherence, of completeness from a reality made up of discontinuous fragments of humanitarian effora This presently that. as for the education of the exceptional child, by the section of the exceptional education in MOE (Ministry of Education), and/or as for welfare services and promotion actions, by the section of child welfare in MHSA (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs). One door type operation rooted in the specialization, and limited resources to evolve multi-purpose agencies that undertake to provide a broad range of tangible and concrete services, as well as supportive counselling and assessment, under a single management which plans and directs the allocations of resources, should be followed. 3. Facilities and recruitment of teachers for the exceptional children. In this country there are 54 facilities for special services, 56 schools for the exceptional education, and 3 colleges and equavalents that provide teacher training services leading to certification with IIO annual graduates. However, curriculum for exceptional children should be rearranged and reconstructed. Conclusion; Only as for social welfare institutions in community, this country produced a succession of specific purpose activities, over period of time, that accumulated to form the present network of hundreds of social welfare organizations and facilities Periodically major efforts were launched to revitalize or to improve the help-giving system. But they lack specialization to be effective, and the nature of multi-purpose center tends to be vague for the classified handicapped. Therefore, there, should be linkage between policy maker and community services to maintain some coherenty in preventive care, treatment, and after cares. At last, the effects of the current concept "the exceptional child" involved with their families, and their neighborhood should be considered in view of the people who consist about 25% of the total population.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.149-167
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• 2015

본 연구는 2012년 이후 실시된 국가수준의 교육과정인 누리과정과 관련된 연구의 연도별, 연구대상, 연구방법, 연구내용 등의 동향을 분석함으로써 앞으로 누리과정 연구의 방향성을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 학술지 검색사이트에서 "누리과정" 으로 검색된 연구물 중 5세 누리과정이 실시된 2012년 이후부터 2015년 3월까지 발표된 논문 102편을 연구대상으로 선정하여 분석하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 누리과정 관련 연구는 5세 누리과정이 도입되고, 3~4세로 확대되어 실시된 2013년에 가장 많이 이루어졌다. 둘째, 연구대상에 있어서는 누리과정의 이해와 적용을 돕기 위한 관련 안내서와 자료들을 대상으로 한 연구가 전체의 66.7%로 나타나, 연구가 일부 영역으로 집중되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 연구방법은 양적연구가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였고, 그 중 내용분석 방법이 가장 많았다. 그 다음으로 많이 연구된 방법은 질문지법, 문헌연구였다. 한편 실제 현장에서 누리과정을 적용하는 실험이나 관찰 연구 및 질적 방법을 통한 연구들이 상대적으로 적게 수행되었다. 넷째, 연구내용은 "누리과정 구성방향 관련연구"의 내용이 전체의 68.8%였고, 그 중 자연탐구 영역 관련 내용이 가장 많았다. 이는 지금까지의 누리과정 관련 연구들이 다양한 측면으로 접근되지 못하고 있으며, 현장 중심의 연구가 부족하므로 보완되어 연구될 필요성을 시사한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1195-1206
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze womens' health problems using Green & Kreuter's 1991 PRECEDE model and to develop a model for a womens' health care center located in the community. The subjects were recruited from Wonju City. 1. The results showed that 23% of the sample population felt there was a need for a womens' health care center. The mean number of health problems was 3.1. The prevalence rate, was 44.4%, and the rate for an artificial abortion, was 36.4%. Also 30.5% did not have a health examination in the past year. Women using the hospital for medical care accounted for 45% of the sample, while 40% used the drugstore. The average score on the HPLP was 2.41, and this was influenced by self-efficacy, family support, sexual role, and health locus of control. There are a few educational programs in the city provided by the Wonju Health Center and by community health nurse practitioners. 2. The nursing center, as defined in North America, is a nurse-anchored system of primary health care delivery or neighborhood health center. Centers offer various services ranging from primary care to the more traditional such as education, health promotion, wellness screening, and coordination of services by advanced practice nurses. For examples in Sweden MCH centers provide total services for childbearing women and their families, sexual counseling and education for adolescents, and screening by midwives for cervical cancer. 3. The developed model combines purpose, target population, organization, and services, and is related to health resources. The purpose is primary health care and promotion of the quality of life. The target population can be grouped according to the life cycle, (premarriaged age group, the childbearing/child rearing age group, and middle aged and elderly women) and focuses on self-help. The organization of the center includes an advisory committee to plan and evaluate, and a health services team that will be multidisciplinary to provide health care, counseling education, and research. The model development suggested that a variety of women's health care centers are needed to insure adequate management of women's health. Follow-up research using PROCEED is needed to analyze health outcomes. Also a health nursing specialist system is required to develop health promotion, and improve the quality of life of women.