• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.101-120
• /
• 2012

This research was conducted in order to find out the effects of boys' self-control, their parents' behaviors and marital conflict on boys' aggression. Subtypes of aggression in the present research consist of dimensions of the functions and forms (proactive-overt, proactive-relational, reactive-overt, reactive-relational). The participants of this study were 237 boys in the fifth and sixth grades in elementary schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The questionnaires were derived and modified from Lee Hong (2009) for boys' aggression, from Ju So Young and Lee Yang Hee (2008) for boys' self-control, from Jun Joo Ram (2008) and Heo Seung Yeon (2009) for maternal behaviors and from Kang Na Jung (2008) for marital conflict. In order to grasp the general characteristics of the participants, frequency and descriptive statistics were used. Also, Pearson's correlation was applied to the relationships amomg boys' self-control, marital behaviors and marital conflict on boys' aggression. Lastly, the variables that can predict boys' aggression were analyzed through multiple regression analysis by SPSS 19.0. The major results of this study were as follows. This research showed that this model fit well for boys. To summarize the important results, what is interesting in the present study is the effect of the mother's role in rearing their sons. It was found that mothers' criticism, negative behaviors, and excessive interference can cause boys' high level of aggressiveness. Also, having parents who fight frequently was strongly associated with boys' relational aggression. An interesting finding is that the mother's support influenced boys' reactive-overt aggression. Lastly, boys' self-control was highly associated with boys' proactive-relational aggression. This research may contribute to understanding boys' aggression' subtypes. To that end, the current results suggest that the dimensions of the functions and forms may be a useful tool in an effort to inform developmental theory and intervention. Also, this research may provide guidance for the resolution of problems caused by boys' aggression. Lastly, it was found that self- control training and parental education programs might prove beneficial for helping aggressive boys to overcome their aggressive impulses.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2007

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the ecological variables on adolescent's sociometric popularity. Independent variables were organism(sex, age, aggression, self-esteem, impulsiveness, prosocial behavior, dominance), microsystem(parenting style, family support, friends relationship, teacher support), mesosystem(family-peer relationship, family-school relationship), and exosystem(positive community environment, social support of extended family, school's policy). The subjects were 835 - 1st and 2nd graders of two middle and two high schools in Daegu. Adolescent's sociometric popularity and ecological variables were measured with questionnaire. Adolescent's sociometric popularity was measured with sociometric popularity questionnaire. Organism variables were measured with sex, age, aggression, self-esteem, impulsiveness, prosocial behavior and dominance questionnaire. Microsystem variables were measured with parenting style, family support, friends relationship and teacher support questionnaire. Mesosystem variables were measured with family-peer relationship and family-school relationship questionnaire. Exosystem variables were measured with positive community environment, social support of extended family and school's policy questionnaire. The data analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, cronbach's $\alpha$, and multiple regression. The major findings were as follows: First, adolescent's sociometric popularity was affected by age, overt aggression, academic self-esteem, social self-esteem, and impulsiveness of organism variables. Second, adolescent's sociometric popularity was affected by mother's affectional parenting, mother's control parenting, and attachment to friends of microsystem variables. Third, adolescent's sociometric popularity was affected by family - peer relationship and family - school relationship of mesosystem variables. Fourth, adolescent's sociometric popularity was affected by appraisal support of extended family, after-school activity, and circle activity of exosystem variables.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.27-42
• /
• 2014

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the influence of mothers' emotion expressiveness and children's attributional biases on children's aggressive behavior, focusing on gender differences. The data were collected from a total of 86 children; 46 6-year-old boys and 40 6-year-old girls in kindergartens, and their mothers in Seoul. The emotion expressiveness of the mothers were measured by a self-reported Korean version of SEFQ(Self Expressivness Family Questionnaire). Attributional biases of the children were evaluated by using Dodge and Frame's Story-Based Interview Scale. Children's aggressive behavior were measured by teachers using a children's Aggressive Behavior Scale developed by Crick(1995). T-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that the relational attributional biases of children positively influenced overt/relational aggressive behaviors. The emotion expressiveness of mothers and the aggressive behavior of children, however, were not significant. Regarding gender differences in children, the negative emotion expressiveness of mothers predicted the girl's relational aggressive behavior negatively. Implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.118-126
• /
• 2001

Purpose : In this study, it was investigated whether dose response relation existed or not in local radiotherapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods : From January 1992 to March 2000, 158 patients were included in present study. Exclusion criteria included the presence of extrahepatic metastasis, liver cirrhosis of Child's class C, tumors occupying more than two thirds of the entire liver, and performance status on the ECOG scale of more than 3. Radiotherapy was given to the field including tumor with generous margin using 6, 10-MV X-ray. Mean tumor dose was $48.2{\pm}7.9\;Gy$ in daily 1.8 Gy fractions. Tumor response was based on diagnostic radiologic examinations such as CT scan, MR imaging, hepatic artery angiography at $4\~8$ weeks following completion of treatment. Statistical analysis was done to investigate the existence of dose response relationship of local radiotherapy when it was applied to the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Results : An objective response was observed in 106 of 158 patients, giving a response rate of $67.1\%$. Statistical analysis revealed that total dose was the most significant factor in relation to tumor response when local radiotherapy was applied to the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Only $29.2\%$ showed objective response in patients treated with dose less than 40 Gy, while $68.6\%\;and\;77.1\%$ showed major response in patients with $40\~50\;Gy$ and more than 50 Gy, respectively. Child-Pugh classification was significant factor in the development of ascites, overt radiation induced liver disease and gastroenteritis. Radiation dose was an important factor for development of radiation induced gastroduodenal ulcer. Conclusion : Present study showed the existence of dose response relationship in local radiotherapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Only radiotherapy dose was a significant factor to predict the objective response. Further study is required to predict the maximal tolerance dose in consideration of liver function and non-irradiated liver volume.