• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.405-416
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• 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of whole milk powder (WMP) as heterologous proteins on chicken breast emulsion-type sausages. The quality properties of WMP on such chicken breast emulsion-type sausages were investigated by measuring the proximate composition, pH, color, cooking yield, protein solubility, and by applying other methods, such as texture profile analysis (TPA), microphotograph, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and electronic nose. The crude fat, protein, and ash contents of 15% WMP samples were significantly higher than the control samples (p < 0.05). The redness of the cooked samples significantly increased with an increase in the WMP contents (p < 0.05). The cooking yield of WMP treated samples was significantly higher than the control sample (p < 0.05). Additionally, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of WMP treated samples were significantly higher than the control sample (p < 0.05). The sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins of samples containing 15% WMP were significantly higher than the control samples (p < 0.05). The result of SDS-PAGE showed that the C protein, sarcoplasmic protein, actin, and tropomyosin increased with an increase in the WMP contents. The principal component analysis plot of WMP-treated samples was clearly different from that of the control samples. Based on these results, it was predicted that WMP could be useful as heterologous protein on emulsion-type sausage.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.768-779
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• 2018

Chicken meat is a low-fat and high-protein food and consumption of chicken meat has been increasing globally. Various food ingredients are widely added for their specific purpose to processed chicken meat. Nonetheless, concerns about the association between high sodium intake and various diseases as well as negative perceptions of artificial additives are increasing. Therefore, in meat products, it is necessary to reduce the amount of salt and to replace artificial additives with natural ingredients. Our aim was to investigate the quality characteristics of low-salt chicken sausages manufactured with the addition of a winter mushroom powder. Sausages was manufactured with sodium pyrophosphate (0.3%) or winter mushroom powder (0%, 0.5% and 1.0%) to ground chicken breast. As a result of addition of the winter mushroom powder to low-salt chicken sausages, pH of the meat batter increased, and the proportion of jelly and melted fat exuded from sausages was reduced. The texture of sausages was softened and lipid oxidation in sausages was inhibited by the winter mushroom powder. This powder did not negatively affect the color and sensory properties of the sausages. According to the results of this study, the winter mushroom powder can serve as a natural ingredient to improve quality of low-salt chicken sausages.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.755-763
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• 2010

Sausages were prepared with fresh chicken breast meat and pork back fat, and formulated with different amounts of added chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) peel and ice water to study the effect on the products. The chicken emulsion sausages formulated with 1%, 2%, and 3% added chestnut peel powder were higher in moisture and ash content, and lower in energy values. The cooking loss, emulsion stability, and viscosity of the sausages were improved by the addition of chestnut peel. The fat content, pH, lightness, hardness, and springiness of the chicken emulsion sausage decreased as the amount of chestnut peel levels increased. The chicken emulsion sausages containing 1% and 3% chestnut peel had a higher overall acceptability than the control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.421-428
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• 2011

Low-fat sausages with or without 10% hydrated rice flour were made from duck, chicken and pork and their physical and sensory properties were compared. Results showed that moisture content did not differ significantly among the sausage batters. However, crude protein, crude fat and total ash content were significantly lower in the group with added rice flour compared with the no flour group. Crude protein and crude fat were the highest in pork sausages without rice flour (p<0.05). Adding 10% rice flour reduced total expressible fluid in all meat type sausages. Cooking loss was also decreased when 10% rice flour was used in making sausages from chicken and pork. However, no changes in cooking loss were found in duck meat by adding rice flour. Again, the highest cooking loss was in pork sausages without rice flour and lowest in chicken sausages with 10% rice flour. The pH of the meat from different animal species differs significantly, although no significant difference was found within meat types with or without rice flour. Lightness ($L^*$) increased, while redness ($a^*$) decreased with adding rice flour in all meat type sausages. Results showed that hardness was significantly reduced when 10% rice flour was added to pork, chicken and duck meat (p<0.05). This may be due to increased water retention of rice flour after cooking. Sensory evaluation indicated that the overall acceptability of pork and chicken sausages with or without rice flour was the same, but duck sausages without rice flour had the highest off-flavor score among the sausages. Addition of rice flour increased the overall acceptability of duck sausage to that of pork and chicken sausages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions for two different amounts of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder and olive oil for the processing of chicken sausage. The experiment was designed according to the central composite design of response surface methodology, with ten experimental points, including two replicates for turmeric powder and olive oil. The physicochemical and mechanical analysis of each sample, including water holding capacity, moisture content, lightness, redness, yellowness, hardness, chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness, showed significant differences. The results from sensory evaluations also showed very significant differences in color, flavor, tenderness, chewiness, and overall quality. The optimal formulation, calculated by numerical and graphical methods, was 1.89 g of turmeric powder and 9.77 g of olive oil. Under these conditions, the model predicted pH-6.01, salinity-0.20, WHC-94.88, $L^*$ value-61.13, $b^*$ value-37.45, hardness-$36.66{\times}10^2$ (N), springiness-8.70 (mm), chewiness-$26.88{\times}10^3$ ($N{\times}mm$).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.486-503
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• 2022

This study explored the physiochemical and rheological properties of chicken breast sausages containing red ginseng marc (RGM) which contains useful components but is discarded. When compared to the control group, the use of RGM significantly increased the water holding capacity (WHC) as the particle size increased. As for the change in color value, addition of RGM resulted in an increase in a and b values; as the quantity was increased and particle size decreased, the a and b values increased significantly. The smaller the particle size of RGM, the greater was the radical scavenging activity. According to the results of the measurement of the viscoelasticity of chicken breast sausage containing RGM, the G' and G'' values increased with increasing amounts of RGM and particle size. Neither the addition of RGM nor its amount or particle size had any significant effect on gel formation temperature. The texture profile analysis (TPA) experiment examined the average TPA measurements of each sample under different measurement conditions, and no significant difference between the RGM and control groups were observed. In conclusion, when RGM is used in chicken breast sausages, the WHC, antioxidant capacity, and viscoelastic properties are affected. RGM can possibly be utilized in high value-added processed meat products if its quantity and particle size are altered based on product characteristics.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.936-949
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• 2018

Changes in microbial community and physicochemical traits of chicken summer sausage made from spent layer thigh added with different level (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% w/w) of ground chopi (Zanthoxylum piperitum) during manufacture were analyzed. The microbial community was profiled and analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq. Samples were taken from raw sausage batter, after 15 h of fermentation, 8 h of cooking including cooling down, and 7 d of drying. The final pH of the sausage was reduced by the addition of ground chopi. However, no clear effect on water activity was observed. Ground chopi inhibited the development of red curing color after fermentation as it exhibited antimicrobial effect. However, the effect on species richness and microbial composition after cooking was unclear. Ground chopi delayed lipid oxidation during manufacture and the effect was dependent on the addition level. Fermentation reduced the species richness with a dominancy of lactic acid bacteria. The profile of microbiota in the raw batter was different from other stages, while the closest relationship was observed after cooking and drying. Proteobacteria was predominant, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in raw samples. Firmicutes became dominating after fermentation and so forth, whereas other predominant phylum decreased. At genus level, unclassified Lactobacillales was the most abundant group found after fermentation and so forth. Therefore, the overall microbial composition aspects were mainly controlled during fermentation by the abundance of lactic acid bacteria, while bacterial counts and lipid oxidation were controlled by cooking and the addition of ground chopi.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1998

Chicken beef pork meats and isolated soy protein (ISP) were heated at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 30min and then heat-resistant proteins were fractionated to examine cross-resistant protein from chicken meat but not with beef pork or ISP. Dot blotting using the polyclonal antibody showed that the sen-sitivity for detecting chicken meat was 1$\mu$m and antibody-antigen reaction was dose-dependant. Results of dot blotting analysis to compare the amount of chicken meat present in arket meat products(Kentucky Frank sausage;chicken meat 46.52% and pork 24.92% vs Bulgogi Ham;chicken meat 28.89% and turkey 31.44%)showed that the significant differences between two meat products in terms of chicken meat concentrations. Dose-dependant dot-blotting reaction was also observed in chicken meat samples with various dilution.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.667-672
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• 1991

Varying amount of ginseng was added to pork and chicken breast meat at various pH for a model system. Pork and chicken breast meat sausages were manufactured with 2.5% of ginseng and varying concentration of nitrite. Ginseng reduced the lipid oxidation in the pork except at pH 4.5 whereas promoted in the chicken breast meat regardless of pH. In the presence of ginseng, nitrite decreased the lipid oxidation of the sausages with increasing concentration. Cured color formation increased with an increase of ginseng upto 7.5% in the pork whereas upto 2.5% in the chicken breast meat. Redness of the pork sausage containing ginseng increased with an increase of nitrite. Lightness of the chicken breast meat sausage containing ginseng decreased with increasing nitrite level.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.20-26
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to show probability of alternate food by using edible insects through the reports (Edible insects: Future prospects for food and feed security) edited by WFO (World Food Organization). We were carried out to develop the functional meat new product using Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor lavare) and Chicken breast. People's interest to the healthy, low-calories food is growing up, the Foodservice industry is developing and making Functional food, which helps to a sale strategy. Insects have played an important role as human food throughout history, especially in Africa, Asia and Latin America. A rapid increase in the human population is expected in the second half of the 21 century, which will lead to lower availability of food, especially animal protein As the problem of food supply and demand has come to the fore with climate change, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has noticed edible insects as future food resources in order to prepare against the shortage of protein source. Recently consumers, especially patients have doubts about safety of raw materials for food. To overcome these limitations, I propose an enteral nutrition formula using edible insects as a raw material.