• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

Purposes - In this research, we look over and investigate associations between shopping items and the demographics of foreign tourists in South Korea. The related seven variables are gender, age, occupations, country of residence, visit month, visit purpose and trip type. In addition, we can graph twenty-one shopping items in association with the demographics of foreign tourists by computing their dissimilarity or similarity on two dimension planes granting that the association exists between the underlying variables. Research design and methodology - This research is performed by Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2017 and investigated 13,200 foreign tourists from 20 countries. For analyzing the detailed relationships between shopping items and the demographics of foreign tourists, we take advantage of both independent test and correspondence analysis as key statistical techniques. Results - The findings show that shopping items which foreign tourists purchase are closely associated with the three different demographics variables such as country of residence, tour type and visit purpose by monitoring significant p-value of chi-squared statistic Conclusions - This study suggests Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism must explore ways toward tourism infrastructure such as global marketing, municipality strategy for attracting foreign tourists, development of diverse shopping items and services and so on.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.877-887
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• 2002

In this paper, behaviors and properties of p-values for goodness-of-fit test are investigated. With some findings on the p-values, we consider some applications to determine sample size of a survey research using the regression equation based on a pilot study data. Regression equations are obtained by the well-known least squared method, and we find that regression lines could be formulated with only two data points, alternatively. For further studies, this works might be extended to t distributions for testing hypotheses about population mean in order to determine sample size of a prospective study. Also similar arguments could be explored for F test statistics.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.543-557
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• 2006

This paper is concerned with the applicability of the chi-square approximation to the six disparity statistics: the Pearson chi-square, the generalized likelihood ratio, the power divergence, the blended weight chi-square, the blended weight Hellinger distance, and the negative exponential disparity statistic. Three dimensional contingency tables of small and moderate sample sizes are generated to be fitted to all possible hierarchical log-linear models: the completely independent model, the conditionally independent model, the partial association models, and the model with one variable independent of the other two. For models with direct solutions of expected cell counts, point estimates and confidence intervals of the 90 and 95 percentage points of six statistics are explored. For model without direct solutions, the empirical significant levels and the empirical powers of six statistics to test the significance of the three factor interaction are computed and compared.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to assess the statistical methods used in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine and to identify the types of errors in the statistical analysis. 2. Methods We have reviewed quantitative articles published in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine from 2000 to 2009. Except for the case report, a total of 505 articles was reviewed by year. We focused on the methods of statistics in these articles. We have analysed the number of thesis used the statistical methods, the number of the statistical methods, the types of the statistical methods, and the errors of the statistical methods with the object of 202 thesis used the statistical method. 3. Results 1. Of the 370 articles, 202 used inferential statistics. 2. The most dominant was the thesis with one type of the statistical method forming 61.9% (125 thesis) of the total. 3. The ANOVA was the statistic of choice overall (40.1%), followed by the t-test (35.6%). 4. By examining the errors of the statistical methods, there were 49 thesis with errors among 81 thesis using ANOVA, 25 thesis among 72 thesis using t-test, and 18 over 62 thesis using chi-squared test. 4. Conclusions We have found various mistakes or misuses in the applications of statistical methodologies in the articles published in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. It is necessary to present the cases of inappropriate statistical methods in order to improve the quality of academic researches. So long as Sasang constitutional medicine uses the statistical methods, researchers should fully examine and be aware of the statistical methods which they wish to use through other research articles, and statistic publications.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.623-632
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 담요 제공이 Brain MRI 검사를 받는 환자들에게 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 연구대상은 G시에 소재한 일 대학병원에서 Brain MRI 검사를 받는 52명의 환자였다. 실험군(n=26)은 검사 전에 담요를 제공받았다. 자료는 2015년 3월부터 12월까지 수집되었으며, chi-squared test, the independent t-test, repeated measures ANOVA를 이용하여 분석되었다. STAI로 측정된 불안은 두 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 시각적상사척도로 측정된 불안 정도는 실험군에서 유의하게 감소되었다(t=-2.75, p=.008). 혈압과 맥박에서는 실험군과 대조군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 추후에는 Brain MRI 검사를 받는 환자의 불안 정도를 경감시켜줄 수 있는 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.464-477
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting the dementia screening test based on the health belief model. Methods: The survey was conducted with structured questionnaires assessing the knowledge of dementia, health beliefs, self-efficacy and cue to action for dementia screening. Study participants were 156 older adults and data from 121 respondents were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, frequency percentage, chi-squared (${\chi}^2$) test, t-test and logistic regression analysis were conducted using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Factors influencing the dementia screening test were found to be gender, self-efficacy on dementia screening, and the presence of family or friends who underwent dementia screening. Older adults who were female (OR=4.92, p=.003), showed an increasing average score of self-efficacy for dementia screening (OR=2.85, p=.002), and had family members or friends who underwent dementia screening (OR=4.60, p=.003) were more likely to receive dementia screening. Conclusion: This study showed that education and programs enhancing self-efficacy associated with the dementia screening test, as well as utilizing the network of family or friends are necessary to increase the rate of dementia screening.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1279-1287
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• 2012

We particularly emphasized how to determine the number of replications with sequential and multistage procedures. So, the t-test is used to achieve some predetermined level of accuracy efficiently with loss function in the case of normal, chi-squared, an exponential distributions. We provided that the relevance of procedures are sequential procedure, two-stage procedure, modified two-stage procedure, three-stage procedure and accelerated sequential procedure. Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to obtain the stopping sample size that minimizes the risk.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.463-475
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• 2021

Desgagné and de Micheaux (2018) proposed an alternative univariate normality test to the Jarque-Bera test. The proposed statistic is based on the sample second power skewness and kurtosis while the Jarque-Bera statistic uses sample Pearson's skewness and kurtosis that are the third and fourth standardized sample moments, respectively. In this paper, we generalize their statistic to a multivariate version based on orthogonalization or an empirical standardization of data. The proposed multivariate statistic follows chi-squared distribution approximately. A simulation study shows that the proposed statistic has good control of type I error even for a very small sample size when critical values from the approximate distribution are used. It has comparable power to the multivariate version of the Jarque-Bera test with exactly the same idea of the orthogonalization. It also shows much better power for some mixed normal alternatives.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.145-166
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• 2023

최근 코로나19로 인해 사회 전반적인 분야에서 대부분의 서비스가 비대면/무인화로 제공되고 있다. 하지만 여전히 디지털 격차를 해소하기 위한 연구는 요인 분석에 그치고 있으며, 특히 교통분야에서의 디지털 격차와 관련된 연구는 전무한 상황이다. 이에 본 논문은 설문조사를 기반으로 교통부문에서의 디지털 격차의 현황에 대해 파악하고자 한다. 첫째, 전국 성인남녀를 대상으로 디지털 기기 이용현황을 조사하여 연령, 학력, 소득 등으로 구분하여 디지털 취약계층을 선정하였다. 둘째, Chi-squared Text를 활용하여 디지털 취약계층과 비 취약계층을 대상으로 교통부문 모바일 앱 이용현황을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 모바일 앱의 인지도와 선호도에서 취약계층이 비 취약계층에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났고 이용 횟수에서도 유의한 수준으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 교통부문 모바일 앱 능숙도를 비교하였다. 마찬가지로 취약계층이 비취약계층에 비해 모바일 앱 이용 절차 전반에서 능숙도가 유의한 수준으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 조사 결과가 향후 교통부문에서의 디지털 격차를 개선하기 위한 정책수립의 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제36권
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• pp.71-76
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• 2016

In this study, we determined the precise coordinates of TBMs (Tidal Bench Marks), which used as the national reference points in coastal area of Korea, using a GPS data analysis SW for the academic and scientific applications, GAMIT/GLOBK. For accurate 3-D positioning of TBM locations, we performed the GPS point surveying according to the national surveying policy and also acquired the GPS data for 48 TBMs located in the western and southern coastal part of Korea. Considering the results of baseline analysis to each observation session obtained from GAMIT module, the baseline analysis was realized to be done precisely because the values of Normalized RMS (NRMS) were mostly less than ${\pm}0.20mm$. Before the network adjustment using GLOBK module, we evaluated the suitability of observations for each session by applying the chi-squared test (${\chi}^2$ test) to the degree of freedom in observed session. An overall distributions of ${\chi}^2$ test were less than 1.0 for all sessions, and the statistical of ${\chi}^2$ test showed the average, 0.267 with minimum and maximum value, 0.063 and 0.653, respectively. Finally, we analyzed the network adjustment for 48 TBMs to reduce the residuals of baseline analysis on each point by connecting with 42 permanent GPS stations in Korea. In the network adjustment procedure, we set up the weighted values of each permanent station to be allocated between 0.9 and 1.14, and also removed the observed points having residual exceeds 4-times of standard deviation ($4{\sigma}$).