• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the level of disease condition and ADL by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects of the study consisted of eighty-four outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis at a university hospital in Taegu between July 20, 1999 and August 25, 1999. The instruments used in this study were the self-efficacy developed by Lorig et al. (1989), the pain scale developed by Lee and Song(1987), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), the pain joint count to measure disease condition scale, and the ADL scale developed by Katz et al. (1970) and Barthel(1973). Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics: Pearson Correlation, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe, with the SPSS program. The major findings can be summarized as follows: 1. The first hypothesis, "There will be differences in the level of disease condition by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was partially supported. 1-1. "There will be differences in the level of pain by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was supported(F=3.422, p=.037). 1-2. "There will be differences in the level of ESR by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was the Disease Condition and supported (F=3.314, p=.041). 1-3. "There will be differences in the level of pain joints count by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was rejected(F=2.602, p=.080). 2. The second hypothesis, "There will be differences in the level of ADL by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was supported(F=7.067, p=.001). With the above results, it can be concluded that the higher level of self-efficacy contributed to the better level of disease condition and ADL in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, by providing nursing intervention to promote the level of self-efficacy of rheumatoid arthritis patients with low self-efficacy, disease condition and ADL would be much better.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2501-2505
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• 2015

Purpose: The present study was carried out to measure knowledge level and behavior of family health personnel (FHP) in Izmir on early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancers. Materials and Methods: The study population of this cross-sectional study was not selected. A questionnaire was applied to all FHP to measure knowledge level and behavior about cancer. The participation rate was 88%. Breast examination, mammography analysis, Papanicolaou smear applications were determined as dependent variables, and knowledge level about breast and cervical cancer, age, professional time as FHP as independent variables. Data were evaluated using definitive statistics, chi-square and logistic regression tests in SPSS software package for Windows 15.0. Results: A total of 970 family health personnel participated in the research. The age range was 20-45 years (82.4%). Mean age was $37.9{\pm}7.4$. Response rate was 87.3%. Of the participants, 88.4% performed breast self-examination. Rate of performing mammography at least once was 24.1%. Rate of performing Pap-smear examination at least once was 61.0%. In logistic regression analyses, it was determined that people with knowledge on breast and cervical cancer were those performing breast self-examination, mammography and Pap-smear examinations (p<0.05. Conclusions: It is essential that the knowledge, behavior and manners of health providers on early diagnosis for cancer increases awareness in the general population and provides information on execution ofthe most effective methods for generating a healthy society.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10421-10425
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• 2015

Background: While the incidence of non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) has been rising worldwide, the reasons remain undefined. Recent research has focused on effect of red andf processed meat intake as a risk factor, but with inconclusive results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of data published to date, to ascertain the overall association between intake and NHL. Materials and Methods: A published literature search was performed through Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Science Citation Index Expanded databases for articles published in English. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-square and I2 statistics. Dissemination bias was evaluated by funnel plot analysis.We performed a formal meta-analysis using summary measures from these studies. Results: In total, 11 published studies were included in the final analysis. The combined analysis revealed that there was significant association between the red meat and NHL risk (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.19, p=0.01). Additionally, there was showed significance association between processed red meat and NHL risk (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.06 to 1.29, p=0.001). In subgroup analysis, a statistical significant association was noted between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.04 to 2.37, P=0.01) and red meat intake. Conclusions: In this meta-Analysis, there was evidence for association between consumption of red meat, or processed meat and risk of NHL, particularly with the DLBCL subtype in the red meat case.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.107-110
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• 2014

Background: Increasing uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine should be a priority in developing countries since they suffer 88% of the world's cervical cancer burden. In many countries studies show that age at vaccination is an important determinate of parental acceptability. This study explores parental preferences on age-to-vaccinate for adolescent school-going girls. Materials and Methods: The sample was selected using a two-stage probability proportional to size cluster sampling methodology. Questionnaires were sent home with a random sample of 800 adolescent girls attending 12 schools in Mysore to be completed by parents. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages and proportions were generated for independent variables and bivariate analyses (Chi square test) were used to assess the relationship between independent and appropriate age-to-vaccinate. Results: HPV vaccination acceptability was high at 71%. While 5.3% of parents felt girls should be vaccinated by 10 years or younger; 38.3% said 11-15 years; 14.8% said 16-18 years; 5.8% suggested over 19 years; and 33% didn't know. Only 2.8% of parents would not vaccinate their daughters. Conclusions: Delaying HPV vaccination until later ages may signifivantly increase uptake of the HPV vaccine in India.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6603-6608
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• 2014

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer in women worldwide. One way by which the incidence of this malignant disease can be minimized is by imparting knowledge through health education. This study aimed at developing an educational package on cervical cancer (EPCC) and determining its effectiveness in terms of significant increase in knowledge of rural women regarding cervical cancer. A one group pre-test, post-test design was adopted. Thirty rural women were selected using a convenient sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a structured knowledge questionnaire developed by the researchers. The EPCC was designed for a duration of one hour and 10 minutes. The structured knowledge questionnaire was first administered as the pre-test, following which knowledge on cervical cancer was imparted using the EPCC. On the 8th day, the post-test was administered. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean post-test knowledge score of the women regarding cervical cancer was significantly higher than that of their mean pre-test score, indicating that the EPCC was effective in improving the knowledge of rural women on cervical cancer. The association between pre-test knowledge scores and selected demo-graphic variables were computed using chi-square test showed that pre-test knowledge score of the women regarding cervical cancer was independent of all the socio-demographic variables. It was concluded that the EPCC is effective in improving the knowledge of women, regarding cervical cancer. Since the prevalence of cervical cancer is high, there is an immediate need to educate women on prevention of cervical cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1327-1331
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• 2014

Background: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a new non-invasive, mobile screening method which does not use ionizing radiation to the human breast; allows conducting quantitative assessment of the images besides the visual interpretation. The aim of this study was to correlate the quantitative assessment and visual interpretation of breast electrical impedance tomographs and associated factors. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty mammography patients above 40 years and undergoing EIT were chosen using convenient sampling. Visual interpretation of the images was carried out by a radiologist with minimum of three years experience using the breast imaging - electrical impedance (BI-EIM) classification for detection of abnormalities. A set of thirty blinded EIT images were reinterpreted to determine the intra-rater reliability using kappa. Quantitative assessment was by comparison of the breast average electric conductivity with the norm and correlations with visual interpretation of the images were determined using Chi-square. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean electrical conductivity between groups and t-test was used for comparisons with pre-existing Caucasians statistics. Independent t-tests were applied to compare the mean electrical conductivity of women with factors like exogenous hormone use and family history of breast cancer. Results: The mean electrical conductivity of Malaysian women was significantly lower than that of Caucasians (p<0.05). Quantitative assessment of electrical impedance tomography was significantly related with visual interpretation of images of the breast (p<0.05). Conclusions: Quantitative assessment of electrical impedance tomography images was significantly related with visual interpretation.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate how irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects fatigue scales and eating habits in children and adolescents using Rome IV criteria. Methods Questionnaires and The $PedsQL^{TM}$ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS) have been given to 211 children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years old who were admitted to ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university Korean medicine hospital pediatric departments, from 29th, July, 2016 to 12th, August, 2016 to evaluate their eating habits and fatigue. Additionally, PASW statistics 18.0 were used to analyze influence of irritable bowel syndrome on eating habits and fatigue in children and adolescents by using chi-square test, independent t-test and linear regression. Results In total of 211 subjects, 29 (13.7%) were diagnosed with IBS according to the Rome IV criteria. 1. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between IBS group and non-IBS group on a specific question in the eating habit questionnaire: the amount of sugar intake and the prevalence of IBS. 2. There was a statistically significant difference in general fatigue and cognitive fatigue categories when comparing the MFS subscores according to the prevalence of IBS. Conclusions Considering patients eating habits and fatigue is a necessary process for the successful treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Korean medicine that maximizes quality of life while minimizing the potential risks to the patients of gastrointestinal disease should also include administrative interventions that may be helpful in the daily life of IBS patients.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 1994

This is a comparative study on the use pattern and satisfaction of skiers between the suburban skiing ground and the resort one. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the planning and the management of skiing ground. The sites of case study are Yong Pyung Ski Resort (Resort type) and Bears Town(Suburban type). Data were collected from questionaire. A total of 420 questionaires were completed. And data were subjected to following analysis: First, the descriptive statistics(mean, chi-square analysis etc.) were used to compare the characteristics of the users and the use pattern of two sites. Second, factor analysis was utilized to reduce 22 satisfaction items into the smaller number of factors. Third, regression analysis was used to find the factors affecting users' overall satisfaction in each skiing ground. The findings of this study are as follows: First, it was proved that the characteristics of users between tow sites were different in terms of age, income, and skill level. Second, it was proved that the use pattern between two sites were different in terms of travel distance from home, traffic mode, length of stay, accommodation type, and the money spent per day. Third, By a principal component factor analysis several factors of satisfaction are found: In physical terms, they are 'slope and life facilities', 'recreation and lodge facilities', 'accessibility', 'crowding', and 'landscape'. In psychological terms, they are 'skiing skills and thrills', and 'relaxation and freedom'. Forth, As the result of the stepwise regression analysis, it was yielded that 'relaxation/and freedom' was most important factor to predict the overall satisfaction in both skiing ground. And it was proved that not only physical factors but also phychological(need gratifying) factors were important sources of the satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2007

Objective : This study was designed to analyze seizure outcome and to investigate the prognostic factors for predicting seizure outcome according to the preoperative evaluations, surgical procedures, topectomy sites and histopathological findings in patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy [ETLE]. Methods : This study comprised 63 patients with ETLE who underwent surgery. Preoperative evaluations included semiologic analysis, chronic video-EEG monitoring, and neuroimaging studies. Surgical procedures consisted of topectomy in 51 patients, corpus callosotomy in 9, functional hemispherectomy in 2, and vagus nerve stimulation [VNS] in 1. Histopathological findings were reviewed. Postoperative seizure outcomes were assessed by Engel's classification at the average follow up period of 66.8 months. Chi-square test was used for statistics. Results : Total postoperative seizure outcomes were class I in 51 [80%] patients, class II in 6 [10%], class III in 6 [10%]. Patients with structural abnormalities on neuroimaging study showed class I in 49 [88%] patients [p<0.05]. Patients with focal and regional ictal EEG onset revealed class I in 47 [90%] patients [p<0.05]. Semiologic findings, surgical procedures, topectomy sites and histopathological findings did not show statistical correlation with seizure outcome [p<0.05]. Conclusion : A good seizure outcome was obtained in patients with ETLE. The factors for favorable seizure outcome are related to the presence of structural abnormalities on neuroimaging study, and focal and regional ictal EEG onset.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2018

Background: Panax ginseng is a well-known immune modulator, and there is concern that its immune-enhancing effects may negatively affect patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by worsening symptoms or increasing the risk of adverse effects from other drugs. In this randomized, crossover clinical trial, we evaluated the impact of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on disease activity and safety in RA patients. Methods: A total of 80 female RA patients were randomly assigned to either the KRG (2 g/d, n = 40) treatment or placebo (n = 40) groups for 8 wk, followed by crossover to the other treatment group for an additional 8 wk. The primary outcome was the disease flare rate, defined as worsening disease activity according to the disease activity score 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). The secondary outcomes were development of adverse events (AEs) and patient reported outcomes. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 8 wk and 16 wk. The outcomes were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: Of the 80 patients, 70 completed the full study. Their mean age was 51.9 yr, and most exhibited low disease activity (mean DAS28-ESR $3.5{\pm}1.0$) at enrollment. After intervention, the flare rate was 3.7% in each group. During KRG treatment, 10 AEs were reported, while five AEs were developed with placebo; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). Gastrointestinal- and nervous system-related symptoms were frequent in the KRG group. Conclusion: KRG is not significantly associated with either disease flare rate or the rate of AE development in RA patients.