• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 2013

This study examined the dye-properties of natural fabrics dyed with Coptis chinensis and Curcuma longa root fermented with fungi. The optimum culture conditions for the fermentation of microorganisms, the relationship between natural dye color and fermentation conditions were investigated. Two different medical herbs (ground to 80-100 mesh in size) were used as a natural dyeing source. Phellinus linteus (P. linteus), which can grow in different media, such as Agarmedium (only agar containing medium), maltose extract agar (MA) and potato dextrose extract agar (PDA) culture media, were isolated from the medium. P. linteus was confirmed to be the optimum microorganism for the fermentation of Coptis chinensis and Curcuma longa, and the MA medium was confirmed to be the best for culturing. When using the microorganism as the fermenting agent, $32^{\circ}C$ was found to be the optimum fermenting temperature for both natural colorants. Regarding the dyeing property of the fermented natural dye, silk was dyed quite darkly in an appearance by naked eye estimation and the K/S value in the color strength of silk reached a high level of 16 after the fermenting process. The washing fastness of dyed silk after treatment washing was reduced from 4 to under4 and indicates that dyed silk with fermented plant was not unsubstantial. The light fastness was 1 to 2, showing intended to maintain due to the fermentation process.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2001

The strength of juvenile black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, raised in different hatcheries for wild stock enhancement was evaluated in terms of resistance to an anesthetizing agent, tricaine methane-sulfonate (MS-222), and exposure to drying. The working dosage of MS-222 varied significantly with fish size and hatchery population. Smaller fish were less resistant to the chemical than larger ones. MS-222 effects also differed with fish growth history. The fish cultured in embanked populations showed stronger resistance, earlier recovery, and lower mortality, compared to those cultured in land-based tanks or collected from wild stocks. Similar results were seen in juveniles challenged to dry exposure. These results suggest that an embanked population of black rockfish is more resistant to anesthetic stress, expressed as anesthesia recovery and mortality, and that this population is healthier than others.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2014

This study investigated the engineering characteristics of non-sintering binder-stabilized mixtures consisting of different ratios of a hardening agent(3%, 6%, 9%, 12%) for recycling industrial by-products through several series of laboratory tests. The hardening agents consisted of two kinds of non-sintering binders(NSB-1, NSB-2), which were developed by using inter-chemical reactions among blast furnace slag, phospho-gypsum, and an alkali activator. In addition, ordinary Portland cement(OPC) was used to compare the engineering characteristics of the stabilized mixture. An unconfined compressive test showed that the unconfined compressive strength increased with the curing time and mixing ratio. Experimental test results indicated that the 7-day strength of the NSB-1 mixture was similar to that of the OPC mixture. However, its 28-day strength was higher than that of the OPC mixture. The secant module of elasticity showed a range of $E_{50}=(42-109)q_u$ regardless of the agents. Based on the results of triaxial tests, the cohesion and friction angle increased with the mixing ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.163-172
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• 2003

The engineering properties of composite silicate grout materials that were developed recently were analyzed. In this laboratory tests, OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) was mainly used as grout materials. Moreover, the properties of composite silica, silica sol and sodium silicate (No.3) acting as coagulating agent were analyzed and compared with each other. For the purpose of finding the engineering properties of composite silicate grout materials, various physical and chemical tests were performed : naked eye measurement, photographing by using SEM, uniaxial compression test and in-situ application test. A series of test results showed that the strength of composite silicate grout materials was about 3～6 times that of ordinary sodium silicate grout materials in 6～24hr. Especially, based on the evaluation of the application of JS-CGM grout to the construction fields, composite silicate grout would be very effective in reducing the coefficient of permeability.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2010

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have greater potential for immediate clinical and toxicological applications, due to their ability to self-renew, proliferate, and differentiate into a variety of cell types. To identify novel candidate genes that were specifically expressed during transdifferentiation of human MSCs to neuronal cells, we performed a differential expression analysis with random priming approach using annealing control primer-based differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction approach. We identified genes for acyl-CoA thioesterase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, brain glycogen phosphorylase, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase and aldehyde reductase were up-regualted, whereas genes for transgelin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan were down-regulated in MSC-derived neurons. These differentially expressed genes may have potential role in regulation of neurogenesis. This study could be applied to environmental toxicology in the field of testing the toxicity of a chemical or a physical agent.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2018

Organic-sandy soils that contain abundant organic matters are widely encountered in estuarine cities. Due to the existence of organic matters, the strength and stiffness of this type of soil are significantly low. As a result, various geotechnical engineering problems such as difficulties in piling and constructing embankments and a lack of strength in poured concrete may occur in many estuarine sites; ground improvement such as cement treatment to this type of soils is needed. In this study, laboratory tests were performed to investigate the compressive strength of organic-sandy soil reinforced with primarily cement, in which the influences of several factors, namely types of cement and additional stabilizing agent, cement content, and water-cement ratio, were investigated and the orthogonal experimental design scheme was adopted. Based on the test results, an optimal permutation of these influencing factors is suggested for the reinforcement of organic-sandy soils, which can provide a useful reference for the relevant engineering practice.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.478-485
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• 2013

In this study, hydrogels with fast swelling and high absorbent properties were prepared using biopolymers approved as a food additive and their swelling properties were characterized. To improve the swelling properties of conventional hydrogels, we formed gas bubbles using a foaming agent in the process of preparing hydrogels and characterized in terms of equilibrium swelling ratio, swelling kinetics and cytotoxicity. In particular, alginate hydrogels observed by a digital microscope have an open-pore channels structure with the sizes of hundreds micrometers. Also, the cell viability of all hydrogels were found to be much higher than that of poly(acrylic acid).

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2012

In the screening process of organic solvent tolerant bacteria showing good growth in media containing several kinds of organic solvents, one strain was isolated and identified as Bacillus sp. BCNU 5006. The strain was able to tolerate many organic solvents including benzene, toluene, xylene, octane, dodecane, butanol and ethylbenzene. Likewise, it could also utilize these solvents as the sole source of carbon with significant enzyme production. The lipolytic enzyme stability of Bacillus sp. BCNU 5006 was studied in the presence of several kinds of solvents at a 25% (v/v) concentration. The highest enzyme stability was observed in the presence of octane (107%), followed by ethylbenzene (88%), decane (86%), and chloroform (85%). Especially, BCNU 5006 lipase was determined to be more stable than immobilized enzyme (Novozyme 435) in the presence of octane, chloroform and xylene. This organic solvent tolerant Bacillus sp. BCNU 5006 could be expected as a potential bioremediation agent and biocatalyst for biodegradation and provide on organic-solvent-based enzymatic synthetic method in industrial chemical processes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.304-311
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• 2019

Ohmic heating is a heating method based on the principle when an electrical current passes through food. Since this method is internal, electrical current damage occurred during heating treatment. The results of ohmic heated starch's external structure, X-ray diffraction, DSC analysis and RVA were differed from those of conventional heating at the same temperature. Several starches changed more rigid by structure re-aggregation. This change in starch was caused by change of physical, chemical, rheological property. The rheology of ohmic heated potato and corn starch of different heated methods were compared with chemically modified starch. After gelatinization, sample starch suspension (2%, 3%) measured flow curves by rheometer. Cross-linked chemically modified starch's shear stress was decreased with degree of substitution reversibly. Ohmic heated more dramatic, at $60^{\circ}C$. Potato starch's shear stress was less than commercial high cross-linked modified starch. Flow curves of potato starches measured at $4^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$. Showed that Ohmic heated potato starch's shear stress ranging between $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ was narrower than modified starch. According to this study, ohmic heated potato starch can be used by decreasing viscosity agent like cross-linked modified starch.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2022

Strawberries are a popular economic crop, and one of the major plantations and exporting countries is Korea in the world. The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) is a soil-borne pathogen with genetic diversity, resulting in wilt disease in various crops. In Korea, strawberries wilt disease was first reported in the 1980s due to the infection of FOSC, causing significant economic damage every year. The causal agent, F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, is a soil-borne pathogen with a characteristic of FOSC that is difficult to control chemically and mutates easily. This study obtained genetic polymorphism information that was based on AFLP, of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae 91 strains, which were isolated from strawberry cultivation sites in Gyeongsangnam-do and Chungcheongnam-do, and compared strains information, which was the isolated location, host variety, response to chemical fungicide, and antagonistic bacteria, and mycelium phenotype. As a result, AFLP phylogeny found that two groups were mainly present, and group B was present at a high frequency in Gyeongsangnam-do. Group B proved less sensitive to tebuconazole than group A through Student's t-test. In addition, the fractions pattern of AFLP was calculated by comparing the strain information using PCA and PERMANOVA, and the main criteria were separated localization and strawberry varieties (PERMANOVA; p< 0.05). And tebuconazole was different with weak confidence (PERMANOVA; p< 0.10). This study suggests that the F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae should be continuously monitored and managed, including group B, which is less chemically effective.