• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acid etching on the surface appearance and fracture toughness of five glass ionomer cements. Five kinds of commercially available glass ionomer cements including chemical curing filling type, chemical curing lining type, chemical curing metal reinforced type, light curing tilling type and light curing lining type were used for this study. The specimens for SEM study were fabricated by treating each glass ionomer cement with either visible light curing or self curing after being inserted into a rubber mold (diameter 4mm, depth 1mm). Some of the specimens were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 0, 15, 30, 60, go seconds, at 5 minutes, 1 hour and 1 day after mixing of powder and liquid. Unetched ones comprised the control group and the others were the experimental groups. The surface texture was examined by using scanning electron microscope at 20 kV. (S-2300, Hitachi Co., Japan). The specimens for fracture toughness were fabricated by curing of each glass ionomer cement previously inserted into a metal mold for the single edge notch specimen according to the ASTME399. They were subjected to a three-point bend test after etching for 0, 30, 60, and 90 seconds at 5 minutes-, 1 hour-and 1 day-lapse after the fabrication of the specimens. The plane strain fracture toughness ($K_{IC}$) was determined by three-point bend test which was conducted with cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min using Instron universal testing machine (Model No. 1122) following seven days storage of the etched specimens under $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity condition. Following conclusions were drawn. 1. In unetched control group, crack was present, but the surface was generally smooth. 2. Deterioration of the surface appearance such as serious dissolving of gel matrix and loss of glass particles occured as the etching time was increased beyond 15 s following Immediate etching of chemical curing type of glass ionomer cements. 3. Etching after 1 h, and 1 d reduced surface damage, 15 s, and 30s etch gave rough surface appearance without loss of glass particle of chemical curing type of glass ionomer cements. 4. Light curing type glass ionomer cement was etched by acid, but there was no difference in surface appearances according to various waiting periods. 5. It was found that the value of plane stram fracture toughness of glass ionomer cements was highest in the light curing filling type as $1.79\;MNm^{-1.5}$ followed by the light curing lining type, chemical curing metal reinforced type, chemical curing filling type and chemical curing lining type. 6. The value of plane stram fracture toughness of the chemical curing lining type glass ionomer cement etched after 5 minutes was lower than those of the cement etched after 1 hour or day or unetched (P < 0.05). 7. Light curing glass ionomer cement showed Irregular fractured surface and chemical curing cement showed smooth fractured surface.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2002

The two kinds of pellet-type red-mud adsorbents (bead-type, crushed-type) were from red mud, which is generated as a by-product during the production of aluminum hydroxide from bauxite ore. The adsorption experiments of Pb^{2+} ion in the aqueous solution by these red-mud adsorbents were studied with a continuous adsorption ccolumn. As a result, the crushed-type adsorbent shows better performance in adsorption of Pb^{2+} than the bead-type adsorbent between the two types of the pellet-type adsorbents. The continusous adsorption experiment shows that the pellet-type adsorbents made from red mud have good performance for removal of Pd^{2+}. The breakthrough curves of the red-mud adsorbents were compared with that of activated carbon.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2003

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most widely used analytical tool and is an important module that would benefit from being miniaturized and integrated onto diagnostic or analytical chips. There are potentially two different approaches for the miniaturization of the PCR module: chamber-type and flow-type micro-PCR. These miniaturized PCRs have distinct characteristics and advantages. In this article, we review the necessity of micro-PCR, the materials for the chip fabrication, the surface modification, and characteristics of the two types of micro-PCR. The motivation underlying the development of micro-PCR, the advantages and disadvantages of the various materials used in fabrication and the surface modification methods will be discussed. And finally, the precise features of the two different types of micro-PCR will be compared.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2010

The purpose of the research is to develop the high performance solar chemical reactor for producing hydrogen using steam reforming reaction of methane. A specific shape chemical reactor is suggested : spiral type reactor. The reactor is installed on the dish-type solar thermal system of Inha University. The temperatures, $CH_4$ conversion rates, and Hz proportion are measured. At specific condition, $CH_4$ conversion rates of the spiral type reactor are about 91%, and Hz proportion are about 66%. The spiral type reactor gives reasonably good performance without any problems caused by highly concentrated solar radiation.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.774-779
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to develop the high performance of solar chemical reactor for producing hydrogen by methane reforming reaction with steam. Two shape of chemical reactor is suggested: first type is filled with porous material and second type is spiral type. These reactors is installed on the dish-type thermal system of Inha University, Inha Dish-1. Performance analysis of these two reactors is conducted from getting methane conversion.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.741-744
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• 2003

In this study, the influence of chemical admixture on early strength development of concrete is discussed. According to the results, fluidity with variation of kinds of chemical admixture is lower in the case of acceleration type than in the case of normal type. Setting time of naphthalene acceleration type is shortened by I hour, and that of melamine is nearly same, but that of polycarbonic acid is somewhat retarded in comparison with that of naphthalene normal type. Early compressive strength gains 5MPa in about 18hours regardless of the kinds of chemical admixture. But as time elapses, compressive strength is higher in order of polycarbonic acid, naphthalene and melamine type. The relativity between compressive strength and the rebound value of P-type schmidt hammer is also favorable at early age, and compressive strength of 5MPa is estimated at the rebound value of 22.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2023

동적 선형 블록과 정적 비선형 블록이 직렬로 연결되어 있는 Wiener형 비선형 모델은 여러 화학 공정의 동특성을 묘사하는데 널리 사용되는데, Wiener형 비선형 공정의 모델 확인은 다소 긴 공정 활성화 데이터가 필요하다. 본 연구는 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 단일 계단 응답으로부터 Wiener형 비선형 공정 모델을 찾아낼 수 있는 새로운 모델 확인 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 계단 응답의 초기 응답으로부터 선형 동적 블록의 예측 응답을 얻어 선형 동적 블록의 모델을 확인하고, 이어서 비선형 정적 블록의 모델을 확인한다. 본 방법은 단일 계단 응답만을 사용하여 공정 모델 확인을 위해 필요한 공정 응답을 얻는 과정에서 시간과 비용적으로 큰 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 제안된 공정 확인 방법의 성능은 대표적인 Wiener형 비선형 공정인 pH 적정 공정과 액위 공정을 대상으로 검증되었다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.55-60
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• 2009

The purpose of the research is to develop the high performance solar chemical reactor for producing hydrogen using steam reforming reaction of methane. A specific shape chemical reactor is suggested: spiral type reactor. The reactor is installed on the dish-type solar thermal system of Inha University. The temperatures, $CH_4$ conversion rates are measured. At specific condition, $CH_4$ conversion rates of the spiral type reactor are about 92%. The spiral type reactor gives reasonably good performance without any problems caused by highly concentrated solar radiation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.885-888
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• 2000

Electroantennogram(EAG) can be applied to detect odorants since insects have highly specialized olfactory receptors inside their antennae. The characteristics of EAG parameters were investigated for the quantitative measurement of a general odorant using ammonia as a model odorant. The antennae of male silkworm moth, Bombyx mori, were used for the EAG. The electical signal curves generated from a pair of antennae originating from the same silkworm moth were never identical; however, they exhibited a typical type I or type II characteristic curve pattern for every pair of antennae. The correlation between the EAG parameters and the ammonia concentration was analyzed for the type I and type II antennae. The stability of each parameter was also investigated for each type of antenna. The results show the possibility of the quantitative measurement of general odorants using the EAG technique.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1377-1378
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• 2002