• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.287-291
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• 2013

This study was carried out to improve standardization of agricultural products and investigate quality changes during storage at different treatments. The standardization does much to improve merchantable quality, distribution efficiency and fair dealings by shipping of the standard agricultural products. Therefore, modification of these standards is required to fit farmhouse situations. Average pileus diameter and thickness of A grades was 38.9 mm and 4.5 mm at shelf culture and 22.2 mm and 3.9 mm at bottle culture. Average stipe length of A grades was 49.6 mm at shelf culture and 66.7 mm at bottle culture, and stipes thick was the highest in A grades of shelf culture. The diameter of pileus of Pleurotus ostreatus stored for 14 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ showed no significant difference. but the thickness of pileus decreased rapidly after 7 days. L-value and hardness of stipes and pileus were higher at shelf culture than bottle culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of Sunchang traditional kochujang(fermented hot pepper-soy bean paste) for quality standardization. The kochujang samples, which have been fermented for 8 months in 1999, were collected from 20 firms at folk village in Sunchang area and analyzed their chemical compositions and color reference. The mean value of moisture, amino-type nitrogen, pH, acidity and salt content of the samples collected were $44.62{\pm}1.79%$, $132.66{\pm}21.67\;mg%$, $4.52{\pm}0.08$, $15.77{\pm}1.62$ and $8.76{\pm}1.55%$, respectively. The moisture, pH, acidity and salt content of each sample did not show much differences among samples. The Hunter values(L, a and b) of Sunchang traditional kochujang were $25.72{\pm}1.58$, $23.26{\pm}1.71$ and $9.86{\pm}0.94$, respectively. The mean content of amino-type nitrogen of Sunchang traditional kochujang was $132.66{\pm}21.67\;mg%$, and there were a little difference between the minimum(100.33 mg%) and the maximum(164.56 mg%). The main free sugars of Sunchang traditional kochujang were fructose($1.86{\pm}1.01%$), dextrose($4.29{\pm}2.06%$), sucrose($0.54{\pm}1.21%$), and maltose($1.48{\pm}0.77%$). The contents of fructose, dextrose, and maltose had little difference among samples. The fatty acids in Sunchang traditional kochujang were composed of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, octadecatetraenoic, arachidonic and behenic acid. The linoleic acid(18:2) showed the highest, occuping 59.37% of the total fatty acids.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

A series of experiments were conducted to develop standard test organisms and test protocols for measuring sediment toxicity using candidate amphipods such as Mandibulophoxus mai, Monocorophium acherusicum, Haustorioides indivisus, and Haustorioides koreanus, which are indigenous to Korea. The relevant association of test species with sediment substrates was one of the important factors in sediment bioassay. The indigenous amphipods M mai and M. acherusicum were well associated with test sediments when they were exposed to various sediment substrates from sand to mud. The tolerant limits to various physico-chemical factors affecting bioassay results such as temperature, salinity and ammonia, as well as sensitivities to reference toxicant and contaminated sediments, were investigated using M. mai and M. acherusicum in the present study. These amphipods were tolerant to relatively wide ranges of salinity $(10{\sim}30\;psu)$ and ammonia (<50 ppm), and displayed relevant sensitivity to temperature as well. They are more sensitive to Cd, the reference toxicant, when compared to the standard test species used in other countries. Field-sediment toxicity tests revealed that M. mai would be more sensitive to sediment-associated pollutants than M. acherusicum, while the sensitivity of M. acherusicum was comparable to that of Leptocheirus plumulosus, which has been used as a standard test species in the United States of America. Overall results of this first attempt to develop an amphipod sediment toxicity test protocol in Korea indicated that M. mai and M. acherusicum would be applicable in the toxicity assessment of contaminated sediments, following the further evaluation encompassing various ecological and toxicological studies in addition to test method standardization.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.241-254
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• 2015

A lot of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in Syria went out of service after a few years of construction. This was mainly due to reinforcement corrosion or chemical attack on concrete. The use of blended cements is growing rapidly in the construction industry due to economical, ecological and technical benefits. Syria is relatively rich in scoria. In the study, mortar/concrete specimens were produced with seven types of cement: one plain Portland cement (control) and six blended cements with replacement levels ranging from 10 to 35 %. Rapid chloride penetration test was carried in accordance with ASTM C 1202 after two curing times of 28 and 90 days. The effect on the resistance of concrete against damage caused by corrosion of the embedded steel has been investigated using an accelerated corrosion test by impressing a constant anodic potential. The variation of current with time and time to failure of RC specimens were determined at 28 and 90 days curing. In addition, effects of aggressive acidic environments on mortars were investigated through 100 days of exposure to 5 % $H_2SO_4$, 10 % HCl, 5 % $HNO_3$ and 10 % $CH_3COOH$ solutions. Evaluation of sulfate resistance of mortars was also performed by immersing in 5 % $Na_2SO_4$ solution for 52 weeks. Test results reveal that the resistance to chloride penetration of concrete improves substantially with the increase of replacement level, and the concretes containing scoria based-blended cements, especially CEM II/B-P, exhibited corrosion initiation periods several times longer than the control mix. Further, an increase in scoria addition improves the acid resistance of mortar, especially in the early days of exposure, whereas after a long period of continuous exposure all specimens show the same behavior against the acid attack. According to results of sulfate resistance, CEM II/B-P can be used instead of SRPC in sulfate-bearing environments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.753-757
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• 2008

The objects of this study are to increase the efficiency and competitiveness for construction management and field supervision by using IT technology which is a trend of construction industry thesedays. Using RFID technology can play an important role to achieve the goal, but it is necessary to research a standard of using frequency, specific, protocol, package method and reading method because it is hard to apply RFID to physical, chemical, environmental specifics. In this study as a part of planning research to standardize, a limitation item Is conducted with RFID tag attached building materials, and RFID Tag goods which solve the restriction are produced to conduct a field application test. From the result, available reading distance is different according to physical and environmental specifics. Furthermore because the different application method and attaching method make a various management efficiency, the current management of construction materials is analyzed and applied to a construction field to provide to various limitation items and recovery plan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1242-1242
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• 2001

The use of fibre optic probes for NIR quality control in the industry is becoming very important, as it provides a powerful tool to reduce sample analysis time and it facilitates the implementation of on-line analyses. However, most of the applications of fibre optics and probes have been done on suspensions, clear liquids and films, chemical and pharmaceutical products and also on fruits and animal products. Traditional applications of near infrared spectroscopy in agriculture have been developed in reflectance mode and calibration transfer could be an interesting way to reduce efforts. Classical methods for calibration transfer between different instruments involve the use of sealed reference cups, but, as fibre optic analysis does not use cups, it is necessary to develop new methods for calibration transfer without standards (Blank et al., 1996). In this paper, we have studied how the most used mathematical pretreatments (three methods of Multiplicative Scatter Correction, Standard Normal Variate, Detrending and derivatives) and their combinations applied to calibration development can contribute to reduce spectral differences between instruments. Calibration equations were obtained for three sets of cereals (barley, wheat and maize) scanned in reflectance mode and then they were validated with samples analysed in reflectance and interactance-reflectance mode (fibre optic). Preliminary results show how some combination of pretreatments reduce the differences in the predicted values, measured as standard error of differences, facilitating the use of calibrations obtained in reflectance for samples analysed by interactance-reflectance. However, the application of pretreatments is not enough to satisfy the control limits for calibration transfer suggested by Shenk et al. (1992), and it should be necessary to combine them with a specific algorithm for instruments standardization.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2018

Natural product substances have historically served as the most significant also be prepared by source of new leads for pharmaceutical development. They can chemical synthesis(both semisynthesis and total synthesis) and have played a important role in the field of organic chemistry by providing synthetic targets. Rcently, they have also been extended for commercial purpose to refer to medicinal products, health functional foods, dietary supplements and cosmetics from natural sources. A large number of currently prescribed drugs have been either directly derived from or inspired by natural products. However, with the advent of robotics, bioinformatics, high throughput screening(HTS), molecular biology-biotechnology, combinatorial chemistry, in silico(molecular modeling) and other methodologies, the pharmaceutical industry has largely moved away from plant derived natural products as a source for leads and prospective drug candidates. The strategy for natural prduct industry is now changing from drug approaches to health foods by identifying effective natural products as preparations. In Korea, a lot of development of natural product based drugs have been done, but very few on health functional foods. The concept of natural product based health foods is not active components as lead compounds but standardized extracts or preparation mixed with other medicinal plants. The representative material has been recently known to be a standardized ginseng extract "Ginsana G 115" developed by Swiss Pharmaton company. The purpose of this presentation is to underline how natural products research continues to make significant contributions in the domain of discovery and development of new health functional foods. It is proposed to present the development of high value added health food or health functional foods through scientific investigation on efficacy and standardization of new materials form natural products.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2012

Stachys tibetica Vatke (Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal plant in the folk medicine of Ladakh, India and Tibet for the treatment of various mental disorders. Infusion and decoction of the whole plant is used as a cup of tea for a severe fever, headaches and to relieve tension. The recent study is aimed to evaluate the preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical nature of Stachys tibetica Vatke. The whole plant material was subjected to successive soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether (40 - $60^{\circ}C$), chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and finally decocted with water to get the respective extracts. The fluorescence characteristics of the powdered materials were analysed under ultraviolet light and ordinary light. Different physicochemical parameters such as ash value, extractive value, foaming index, pH values, loss on drying and determination of foreign matter were carried out as per WHO guidelines. The total fat, flavonoid, saponin and volatile contents were also determined. Macroscopical studies revealed the authentication of the plant drug. Physicochemical parameters helped to standardize the plant material while preliminary qualitative chemical tests of different extracts showed the presence of Glycosides, Carbohydrates, Phytosterols/triterpenoids, Saponins, Fixed oils, Fats and phenols/tannins. Quantification of the total flavonoids and saponins and contents were determined as $54.66{\pm}0.58mg/g$ and $75.42{\pm}0.48mg/kg$ respectively, while the volatile and fat contents were 6.5% and 0.7% respectively. Results may lay the foundation for the standardization of the drug and discovery of new molecules from S. tibetica for the treatment of various diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 1994

This study was conducted to present a method that determine the optimum conditions for the preparation of chinese whole cabbage kimchi. After Sensory and chemical characteristics of kimchi with various salt concentration in brine, brining time and storage period at equal saltiness were measured, the optimum conditions for the preparation of chinese whole cabbage kimchi were determined with the use of the response surface methodology. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The more salt concentration in brine, the longer brining time and storage period, resulted in the lower pH and the higher titratable acidity of kimchis. As the salt concentration in brine and brining time increased, kimchi reaches at optimum titratable acidity of it within a shorter time. 2. As the salt concentration in brine and brining time increased, content of succinic acid decreased but that of lactic, acetic, and propionic acid increased. Amount of citric, malic and succinic acid decreased but that of lactic, acetic acid increased, with storage day. 3. Sensory data showed that firmness and green cabbage flavor of kimchi decreased while toughness, carbonic mouthfeel, sourness and staled flavor increased with increased salt concentration in brine, brining time and storage day. As the storage period increased, crispness of kimchi decreased. 4. The optimum conditions for the preparation of chinese whole cabbage kimchi were as follows: Optimum salt concentration in brine, brining time, and storage period were 19.5%, 3 hours and 45 minutes, and 12 hours.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.187-197
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• 1997

Major separation for the active ingredients and characterization of chemical properties in conjunction with screening test on animal were performed in order to analyze and standardize Ligustici Rhizoma or Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix as an important oriental herbal medicine for antiphlogistic or an important oriental herbal medicine for antiphlogistic or an anodyne. Furthermore the structure, composition and contents of ingredients for essential oil in Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix(Suckpo, Korea) were determined by means of Ge/MS followed by screening test on Z-ligustilide(82%) known as major ingredient as well as butylidenephthalide collected by HPLC with normal phase semiprep-column. The total active ingredient in Ligustici Rhizoma from China or Angelicae Tenuissimae harvested at Choonyang(Kyungnam, Korea), Jungsun(Kangwon, Korea), Suckpo(Kyungnam Korea), Youngchun(Kyungnam, Korea) have been determined showing higher abundant for three times on the product in Korea compared to that in China. In addition, the major component in Ahgelicae Tebyussunae Radux extract was found to be Z-ligustilide(70-80%) which is very different from that in Ligustici Rhizoma senkyunolide(39%) as major species. For screening test of Ligustici Rhizoma or Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix extracts toward the target animal, the efficiency has been shown the similarity on both extracts. Taking into account the level of ingredient, the total efficiency may be three times higher on Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix in Korea compared to Ligustici Rhizoma in China. As a result of present study, it is preferable to distinguish between Ligustici Rhizoma and Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix for better usage of oriental herbal medicine because of very different composition and abundant in spite of their similar screening effect.