• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.920-924
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• 2012

This study was performed to estimate total contents of arsenic (As) by stepwise multiple-regression analysis using chemical properties and extractable contents of metal in paddy soil adjacent to abandoned mines. The soil was collected from paddies near abandoned mines. Soil pH, electrical conductively (EC), organic mater (OM), available phosphorus ($P_2O_5$), and exchangeable cations (Ca, K, Mg, Na) were measured. Total contents of As and extractable contents of metals were analyzed by ICP-OES. From stepwise analysis, it was showed that the contents of extractable As, available phosphorus, extractable Cu, exchangeable K, exchangeable Na, and organic mater significantly influenced the total contents of As in soil (p<0.001). The multiple linear regression models have been established as Log (Total-As) = 0.741 + 0.716 Log (extractable-As) - 0.734 Log (avail-$P_2O_5$) + 0.334 Log (extractable-Cu) + 0.186 Log (exchangeable-K) - 0.593 Log (exchangeable-Na) + 0.558 Log (OM). The estimated value in total contents of As was significantly correlated with the measured value in soil ($R^2$=0.84196, p<0.0001). This predictive model for estimating total As contents in paddy soil will be properly applied to the numerous datasets which were surveyed with extractable heavy metal contents based on Soil Environmental Conservation Act before 2010.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1080-1084
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• 2011

Predictive model for estimating total contents of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) was developed by stepwise multiple-regression analysis using chemical properties and extractable contents of metal in paddy soil adjacent to abandoned mines in 2009 and 2010. Soil properties, e.g. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), available phosphorus ($P_2O_5$), and exchangeable cations (i.e. Ca, Na, K, Mg) were measured. Total contents of Cd and Pb as well as extractable contents of metals were analyzed by ICP-OES. Results showed that the total and extractable contents were estimated to be 3.55 and $0.27mg\;kg^{-1}$ in Cd and 83.38 and $24.32mg\;kg^{-1}$ in Pb on the average. From stepwise analysis, it was found that the contents of extractable Cd, Zn, Cu, as well as exchangeable Na were significantly influenced on estimation of the total contents of Cd in soil. Moreover, it also showed that the contents of extractable Pb, Zn, and Cu significantly affected estimation of the total contents of Pb in soil. More significant relationship between estimated and measured value in total contents of Pb was observed than those of Cd ($R^2$=0.87, p<0.0001). This demonstrates that extractable contents of metal are influenced more on estimation of total contents of Cd and Pb in soil than soil properties.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2007

The relationships between the cover of herbaceous species and 15 soil chemical properties (organic carbon contents, total N, available P, exchangeable K, Na, Ca and Mg, HCl-extractable Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in nine poorly controlled waste landfill sites in Korea were examined by correlation analysis and multiple regression equations. Species showed different patterns of correlation between their cover values and soil chemical properties. The cover of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Aster subulatus var. sandwicensis and Erechtites hieracifolia were negatively correlated with the contents of Fe, Mn and Ni within landfill soils. Total cover of all species in quadrats was positively correlated with the contents of Cd and negatively correlated with the contents of Mn and Fe from stepwise regression analysis with 15 soil properties. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that the distribution of native and exotic plants on poorly controlled landfills was significantly influenced by the contents of Na and Ca in soils, respectively.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2009

To understand the properties of soil in Dokdo, we collected soil samples from 12 locations on Seodo and 23 locations on Dongdo, in Dokdo of Gyeongsangbuk-do Province in 2007-2008 and analyzed the soil's physical and chemical characteristics. Sand comprises the largest component (49.37%) of Dokdo soil, followed by silt (40.70%) and clay (9.93%). The soil structure consists mostly of sand loam, followed by loam and silt loam. The pH level of soils from Dokdo varied dramatically among sampling sites and seasons, ranging from 3.36 to 8.02. The total ion content of Dokdo soil also varies greatly among survey places and periods, but in general the total ion content was high in summer when vegetation develops, and low in spring. The exchangeable cation contents of the soil showed low levels in samples where the soil pH was low, including habitats dominated by Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens and Echinochloa crus-galli, whereas the exchangeable cation contents were high where the organic contents were high, as in habitats dominated by Liriope platyphylla and Artemisia japonica subsp. littoricola. Soil N contents varied greatly among survey sites and higher N contents were found in soil inhabited by Chenopodiaceous plants than in habitats inhabited by other plants. The substantial differences in phosphorus contents among sites were related to excrement of black-tailed gulls. To understand the basic physical and chemical features of the soil on Dokdo, it will be necessary to conduct seasonal and long-term research on soil pH, ion contents, organic contents, N and P, as well as obtaining precise data from samples collected at different depths.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

This study was carried out to review and compare crop cultivations upon chemical properties of paddy soil and qualitative characteristics of rice in Sejong-city from a point of view of farming extension to rice farmers and to utilize the result of the study as a basic guideline for precise agricultural practice. The pH in soils of Sejong was about 6.1-6.6 and had no difference with an average pH of paddy soils in Chung-Nam with pH 6.1. However, the average of organic matter, calcium (Ca) and available silicate in Sejong was lower than the average of them in Chung-Nam. The yields of rice were higher in 2010 than in 2011 and 2012, and the protein contents of rice were the highest in 2011 while the lowest water contents of rice in 2011. The protein contents upon regions were the highest in 2011 with 6.1%, and the amylose contents were the highest in Yeondong-myun, Jeoneu-myun, and Yeonseo-myun in 2010 while Kumnam-myun and Jeondong-myun were the highest in 2012. With the increase of precipitation, the protein content level in rice was increased while the amylose content level tended to decrease. Correlations between the chemical properties of paddy soil and the quality of rice and between level of organic matter in soil and amylose contents were negative (r = -0.507), and the correlation between the moisture contents and amylose contents (r = 0.419) and between the water contents and whiteness (r = 0.485) were positive. Because the quantity and quality of rice yield is determined by the soil characteristics, the consultation to farmers for the proactive soil analysis and for the maintenance of stable level of pH, organic matter and available silicate based on historical results of analysis is highly recommended. Also, the analysis on the effect of the weather and the soil characteristics affecting the quality and quantity of rice would be another good way.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.719-727
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• 2022

The soil physical and chemical properties are the main factors that influence plant productivity and soil fertility. Since 1999, South Korea has been conducting a survey on changes in the agricultural environment survey every four years. The purpose of the present study is to monitor the physical and chemical properties of soil in Chungcheongbuk-do. Soil samples were collected from the exact sites of the aforementioned environment survey, and land use and cultivated crops were also investigated. From a Pearson correlation analysis, it was found that the total carbon contents were most negatively affected by the soil depth. The bulk density of soil increased up to a depth of 40 cm but decreased to a depth of 60 cm. The porosity and moisture of soil generally decreased, but the porosity increased at a depth of 50 - 60 cm. Chemical properties of soil gradually decreased with an increase of the soil depth from 0 to 70 cm, but little change was observed in soil pH with soil depth. In addition, the organic matter contents of the soil at a depth of 30 cm or more were below the optimal range. The soil of Chungcheongbuk-do thus requires organic matter application as a whole, and correction of items that are partially out of the optimal range is necessary.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2000

A trial was carried out to investigate the effect of fermented saw-dust pig manure (FSP) and N fertilizer application on physical, chemical properties and microbial population of soil on Cheju brown volcanic ash pasture during the period from September, 1997 to January, 1999. Average soil N contents during 3 different periods, August and October, 1998, and January, 1999 were 0.39, 0.41 and 0.39% for fertilizer N level 0, 150 and 300kg/ha, respectively. Soil N contents determined in January, 1999, was significantly increased by an increase of fertilizer N. Nitrogen contents in the soil applied with 0, 3, 6 and 12 tons 1 ha of FSP were 0.43, 0.40, 0.38 and 0.38%, respectively, showing decreasing tendency of soil with increasing levels of FSP application. Soil N contents determined in August, 1998 and January, 1999, were significantly decreased by increasing levels of FSP application. Organic matter contents of the soil applied with N 0, 150 and 300 kg/ha was 8.04, 8.37, and 9.08%. Soil organic matters determined on the 1st and 2nd period trended to increase with increasing level of fertilizer N. FSP application significantly decreased organic matter contents of pasture soil, (9.14, 8.79, 8.28 and 7.78% OM in soil applied with FSP 0, 3, 6 and 12 tonlha of FSP), respectively. Soil OM determined in October, 1998, also showed a significant decrease with increasing level of FSP. Soil pH, available phosphorus, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Na in soil studied were not influenced by fertilizer N or FSP application during all three periods. N application tended to increase soil bacteria count, ($27.0\;{\times}\;10^4\;cfu/g,\;29.4\;{\times}\;1-^4\;cfu/g$ and $53.6\;10^4\;cfu/g$ in the soil applied with 0, 150 and 300 kg N/ha, respectively). The number of colonies of soil bacteria and fungi determined in June and October, 1998 was not increased remarkably by FSP application, but the number of colonies of bacteria determined in March, 1998 showed a significant increase with increasing level of FSP application. In conclusion, N contents and OM of soil increased with increasing level of N application, but decreased with increasing level of FSP application.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2017

There is an increasing concern over heavy metal(loid) contamination of soil in agricultural areas including paddy soils. This study was conducted to determine the bioconcentration factor (BCF) for heavy metal(loid)s to brown rice grown in paddy soils vulnerable to heavy metal(loid)s contamination, for the quantitative health risk assessment to the residents living nearby the metal contaminated regions. The samples were collected from 98 sites nationwide in the year 2015. The mean and range BCF values of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in brown rice were 0.027 (0.001 ~ 0.224), 0.143 (0.001 ~ 2.434), 0.165 (0.039 ~ 0.819), 0.028 (0.005 ~ 0.187), 0.006 (0.001 ~ 0.048), and 0.355 (0.113 ~ 1.263), respectively, with Zn showing the highest. Even though the relationship between heavy metal(loid) contents in the vulnerable soils and metal contents in brown rice collected at the same fields was not significantly correlated, the relationship between log contents of heavy metal(loid)s in the vulnerable soils and BCF of brown rice wes significantly correlated with As, Cd, Cu, and Zn in rice. In conclusion, soil environmental risk assessment for crop uptake should consider the bioconcentration factor calculated using both the initial and vulnerable heavy metal(loid) contents in the required soil and the crop cultivated in the same fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different soil moisture contents on the growth and chemical constituents of burley tobacco and on the protein pattern in tobacco leaf. Height, stem diameter, and largest leaf length of tobacco droughted from 45 to 60 days after transplanting was not recovered by rewatered amount of water supply from 60 to 75 days after transplanting, but leaf width enlarged. Dry weight per unit leaf area and total nitrogen content showed high values in low soil moisture, but total alkaloid contents were not different according to soil moisture contents. Soil moisture content didn't effect on the protein pattern of middle and upper leaves, but lower leaves showed the mild color and fewer numbers of the protein bands than those of midd1e and upper leaves.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.773-778
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• 2011

Long-term continuous application of livestock by-products to agricultural land may adversely affect the soil characteristics and the crop yield. Five year term study from 2007 was carried out to assess the effects of repeated application of low-concentration swine slurry on soil chemical properties including phosphate and heavy metal contents and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a greenhouse. Treatments were conventional chemical fertilizers and three application rates of low-concentration swine slurry (Slurry composting and biofiltration, SCB): 50%, 100%, and 200% of recommended nitrogen fertilization. For swine slurry treatment of 50% nitrogen, deficient nitrogen was supplemented with urea fertilizer. The soil phosphorus and heavy metal contents after five year continuous application of swine slurry were not significantly higher than those of chemical fertilizer use. Repeated application of the swine slurry alone for five years resulted in relatively high soil exchangeable potassium and sodium compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Contents of heavy metals in leaves of tomato and cucumber did not show significant difference among treatments. Yields of the crops for the swine slurry were not significantly different from that of chemical fertilizer. The results imply that continuous application of the swine slurry may not influence levels of soil phosphate and trace elements in greenhouse soils but could accumulate potassium and sodium in the soil.