• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.121-129
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• 2007

Single point of failure 문제를 해결할 수 있고, UCC로 대별되는 개인 분산 컴퓨팅 환경에서의 피어투피어(P2P)는 주요한 네트워킹 기술로 간주된다. 적지 않은 사용자들이 P2P 서비스를 사용하고 있는 시점에서 현재 제공되고 있는 P2P 범주별 서비스 동향을 간략하게 살펴보고, 주요 기술 이슈로 부각되는 과금 문제, 그리고 추후 통신 환경 변화에 따라 고려되어야 할 추가 기술 이슈들을 살펴보았다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.138-149
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• 2003

As the Internet is quickly evolving from best-effort networks to business quality networks, billing based on the precise traffic measurement becomes an important issue for Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Billing settlement is necessary not only between ISP and customers but also between ISPs. Currently, most ISPs use a flat rate charging policy. Besides the degree of difficulty in deriving appropriate charging policies agreeable by a concerned party, there are substantial technical challenges to come up with a good usage-based accounting system. Usage-based accounting depending on IP packet header information only is not sufficient anymore due to highly dynamic nature of the development and the use of the Internet applications such as peer-to-peer and network games. They are using port numbers dynamically and even several applications can use the same port number. Thus, more precise means of classifying them and accounting their traffic usages are required. In this paper, we propose a high performance, adaptable, configurable, and scalable content-aware application traffic measurement and analysis system which can achieve very accurate usage-based accounting.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2016

Recently, solar module is installed in crowded areas to offers services so that people can charge their smartphones or tablets. However, the burden in terms of cost is high to install in areas where utilization ratio is low and installation is difficult in limited spaces. In this paper, a system for collecting and providing the optical power is proposed from the analysis about the person that receives service in each area using the real-time data provided by the state and collected from the actual environment as well as considering the waiting time and the solar charging time in different environments. As a result, This study shows that charge was not delayed since collecting power exceeds charging power. Smartphone was fully charged in ninety-five minutes. we confirmed that with one smartphone, it can be charged a approximately fifty percent of the battery in between ten to twenty minutes, with multiple units they can be charged a approximately twenty percent of the battery in between ten to twenty minutes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3412-3432
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• 2019

Recent advances in radio frequency (RF) power transfer provide a promising technology to power sensor nodes. Adoption of mobile chargers to replenish the nodes' energy has recently attracted a lot of attention and the mobility assisted energy replenishment provides predictable and sustained power service. In this paper, we study the joint optimization of mobile charging and data gathering in sensor networks. A wireless multi-functional vehicle (WMV) is employed and periodically moves along specified trajectories, charge the sensors and gather the sensed data via one-hop communication. The objective of this paper is to maximize the uplink throughput by optimally allocating the time for the downlink wireless energy transfer by the WMV and the uplink transmissions of different sensors. We consider two scenarios where the WMV moves in a straight line and around a circle. By time discretization, the optimization problem is formulated as a 0-1 programming problem. We obtain the upper and lower bounds of the problem by converting the original 0-1 programming problem into a linear programming problem and then obtain the optimal solution by using branch and bound algorithm. We further prove that the network throughput is independent of the WMV's velocity under certain conditions. Performance of our proposed algorithm is evaluated through extensive simulations. The results validate the correctness of our proposed theorems and demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms two baseline algorithms in achieved throughput under different settings.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 1998

An interrupted time series analysis of local directory assistance calls in the Taegu area from November 1, 1996 to February 28, 1997 revealed a gradual/permanent reduction in daily frequency of calls after charges were introduced in January 1, 1997. Even though the results cannot attest to the sbrupt/permanent reduction effect of response cost we expected, the reduction after charging may contribute to the efficacy of work and the improvement of service quality.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.1 s.98
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• pp.35-44
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• 2006

Grid accounting model is necessary to support the demand and supply of id resource. Most grid accounting systems currently in use intrude upon site autonomy by modifying local accounting systems or calculate the cost of grid service without regard to site price policy. In this paper we propose and design Grid accounting model based on site price policy. This model assures autonomy of sites participating in gird computing and be able to actively cope with diverse billing services. Also this proposed model enables to provide RUS to Grid entities by transforming basic accounting information into GGF-UR format and allows this entities to exchange resource usage information. In this paper, proposed Grid accounting model enables sites to have autonomy of them and is evaluated for business model to enforce elaborate charging policy, compared with other systems.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.701-706
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• 2023

The Korean government and industry have presented a roadmap for the commercialization of UAM services and are promoting it in earnest. In order to introduce full-scale UAM services, there are various issues to be solved, such as the development of high-performance aircraft, the design of network bases and corridors, the optimization of operation management, and the establishment of related laws and systems. In this study, in terms of optimizing operation management, we will examine research trends by field, focusing on Korea, and derive research topics that need to be solved in the future. Korean researchers have suggested that research is centered on UAM service usage fees, usage intentions and acceptance models, and vertiport location selection, but operational optimization studies such as service order acceptance, aircraft repositioning, and battery charging and maintenance scheduling are needed in the future.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.121-124
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• 2007

This article describes a function and structure of access network equipment under BcN environment. Access network until now have constructed separately to offer voice, data service. However, simplifies network structure, function that can do traffic concentration, subscriber certification, individual charging, QoS according to service and routing is required in BcN. In this paper, compare method offering by separate system with existing access network and method that offer integrating function inside system for structure of suitable access network to BcN and search structure of access network equipment for desirable access network of hereafter. Composition of this paper is as following. In Chapter 2, establishment history and structure of access network until present. In Chaprte 3, define suitable requirement and functions to BcN. And compare structure for access net work that is new with present. Last Chapter 4, suggests direction of structure of BcN access network and concludes conclusion.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.45-49
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• 1996

The purpose for this study shows general planning direction about showroom which can enhance sales promotion, and corporate image and through buyer negotiation increasing export. We can divide showroom as promotional showroom and institutional showroom as a whole. The results of this research can be summarized as follows : There is no uniformed design plan of display for the P.R of showroom. And they need independent business space. But, there is no attractive factors to fascinate their consumer and thus there is no sufficient service facility, Also, some more effective planning is needed to support their supervisors. I wish to suggest some planning direction on the basis of research problems : We need to divide four space- that is entrance space, display space management space, service space-to allocative effectively space for the purpose of charging product. P.R. We should set up uniformed design policy which can contribute P.R.-that is corporate color, unform . logotype, sign, pamphlet etc.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.767-770
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• 2003

현재 사용되고 있는 ETCS(Electronic Toll Collection Services)는 충전식의 스마트 카드와 카드리더를 이용하여 필요한 정보를 읽음으로 인증 및 과금 결제를 처리하는 방식이다. 혀 방식은 스마트 카드 규격이 다양하여 사용자는 각 규격에 맞는 카드리더를 사용해야 한다. 게다가 충전식이기 때문에 매번 충전해야하는 불편함이 있다. 본 논문에서는 현 ETC(Electronic Toll Collection)시스템의 단점을 극복하고자 스마트 카드 대신 휴대폰과 WAP(Wireless Application Protocol) 서버를 사용하여 통행료 자동징수 시스템을 설계한다. 또한 휴대폰을 사용함으로써 ITS(Intelligent Transfer Service) 시스템과 별도로 지역적인 인증이 가능하여 인중절차를 간소화시킬 수 있으며, ITS 시스템의 부하를 줄일 수 있기 때문에 ETC시스템 처리속도 또한 증가시킬 수 있다.