• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.12
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• pp.35-59
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• 1985

User fees have been employed by libraries as far back as the mid-1800s in both United States and England. By the late 1800s and early : 1900s, the charging of user fees for some library products and services had become a reality in many public and academic libraries. Yet the practice has created controversy when computer-aided reference service began to charge especially in the publicly funded libraries. There are two extream arguments on library reference service fees : one is for and the other is against. most fee o n.0, pponents base their stand on morality. They argue that charging fees for any service is wrong because it violates the user's right of access to information and regard it as an act of decrease human life chances as well as an act of censor. But those who favour fees argue that it is necessary to separate the rhetoric from the reality and to distinguish what libraries are from what they do. The study revealed that library has two options. One is strict free of charge and the other is charging for selected library services. Whatever options the library may take, library had to decide an overall reference service policy. The level and scope of service, audience, necessary fund (who and how) and many other physical and metaphysical things must be considered. However, the first option will necessary be to limit services while there is no loss of traditional philosophical service element. Yet, if to provide a wide range of choices and to create conditions more hospitable to competition from the private information sector and for better evolutional selection, the second option(fee-based service) gives more benefit to the users while there is a loss of fundamental service philosophy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.10e
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• pp.388-390
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• 2002

1990년대에 WWW(World Wide Web)이 도입되면서 인터넷은 미국, 국내는 물론 전세계적인 규모로 그 이용이 확산되었다. 최근 인터넷에서는 인터넷 방송, Video Conference, VoIP 등 QoS 보장을 요구하는 새로운 응용 서비스들의 출현과 함께 IP QoS의 문제는 차세대 인터넷에서 가장 중요한 Issue이다. 현재의 인터넷은 모든 패킷을 동일하게 전달하는 Best Effort 서비스만을 제공하기 때문에 QoS에 대한 요구사항을 보장해 주지 못하고 있다. IP charging은 새로운 응용 서비스들을 돈을 지불함으로써 요구한 서비스에 대한 확실한 QoS(Quality of Service)의 보장을 받을 수 있게 되어 여태까지의 IP Service보다 효율적인 서비스를 제공하고 더 낳은 QoS를 보장받을 수 있게 된다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2023

Globally, the eco-friendly industry is developing due to the climate crisis. Electric vehicles are an eco-friendly industry that is attracting attention as it is expected to reduce carbon emissions by 30~70% or more compared to internal combustion engine vehicles. As electric vehicles become more popular, charging stations have become an important factor for purchasing electric vehicles. Recent research is using artificial intelligence to identify local demand for charging stations and select locations that can maximize economic impact. In this study, in order to contribute to the improvement of the performance of the electric vehicle charging station demand prediction model, nationwide data that can be used in the artificial intelligence model was defined and a pre-processing technique was proposed. In addition, a preprocessor, artificial intelligence model, and service web were implemented for real charging station demand prediction, and the value of data as a location selection factor was verified.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.339-350
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• 2024

Purpose: This study analyzes accessibility of 10 hydrogen charging stations in Seoul and identifies areas that were difficult to access. The purpose is to re-analyze accessibility by adding a new location in terms of equity and safety of location placement, and then draw implications by comparing the improvement effects. Method: By applying the location-allocation model and the service area model based on network analysis of the ArcGIS program, areas with weak access were identified. The location selection method applied the 'Minimize Facilities' method in consideration of the need for rapid arrival to insufficient hydrogen charging stations. The limit distance for arrival within a specific time was analyzed by applying the average vehicle traffic speed(23.1km/h, Seoul Open Data Square) in 2022 to three categories: 3,850m(10minutes), 5,775m(15minutes), 7,700m(20minutes). In order to minimize conflicts over the installation of hydrogen charging stations, special standards of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy applied to derive candidate sites for additional installation of hydrogen charging stations among existing gas stations and LPG/CNG charging stations. Result: As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that accessibility was significantly improved by installing 5 new hydrogen charging stations at relatively safe gas stations and LPG/CNG charging stations in areas where access to the existing 10 hydrogen charging stations is weak within 20 minutes. Nevertheless, it was found that there are still areas where access remains difficult. Conclusion: The location allocation model is used to identify areas where access to hydrogen charging stations is difficult and prioritize installation, decision-making to select locations for hydrogen charging stations based on scientific evidence can be supported.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.370-372
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• 2017

Recently, at home and abroad, as the demand and supply of electric vehicles have increased, the spread of charging stations for electric vehicles is accordingly spreading out. In this paper, we provide the location, price, and service information of the electric car charging station through the big data analysis by using Open API of the public data and evaluation service provided by KEPCO, thereby inducing communication among users.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.211-224
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• 2022

In this study, factors affecting the efficacy of EV charging infrastructure improvement were investigated for EV users on Jeju Island. This study analyzed satisfaction with the EV charging infrastructure and demographic factors that affect the efficacy of EV charging infrastructure improvement. Factors found to affect the efficacy of EV charging infrastructure improvement include a sufficient number of charger installations, the speed in using EV chargers, the ease of obtaining additional information about charging, and fast customer service for faulty chargers. It was also confirmed that demographic factors such as user's housing types had a significant effect. This study contributes to verifying user satisfaction with the construction of EV charging infrastructure throughout Jeju Island.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2024

The diversity of smart EV(electric vehicle)-related industries is increasing due to the growth of battery-based eco-friendly electric vehicle component material technology, and labor-intensive industries such as logistics, manufacturing, food, agriculture, and service have invested in and studied automation for a long time. Accordingly, various types of robots such as autonomous mobile robots and collaborative robots are being utilized for each process to improve industrial engineering such as optimization, productivity management, and work management. The technology that should accompany this unmanned automobile industry is unmanned automatic charging technology, and if autonomous mobile robots are manually charged, the utility of autonomous mobile robots will not be maximized. In this paper, we conducted a study on the technology of unmanned charging of autonomous mobile robots using charging terminal docking and undocking technology using an unmanned charging system composed of hardware such as a monocular camera, multi-joint robot, gripper, and server. In an experiment to evaluate the performance of the system, the average charging terminal recognition rate was 98%, and the average charging terminal recognition speed was 0.0099 seconds. In addition, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the docking and undocking success rate of the charging terminal, and the experimental results showed an average success rate of 99%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.188-193
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• 2007

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.137-143
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• 2014

Car exhaust emissions are recognized as one of the key sources for climate change and electric vehicles have no emissions from tailpipe. However, the limited charging infrastructures could restrict the propagation of electric vehicles. The purpose of this study is to find the vulnerable districts limited to the charging station services after meeting the goal of Ministry of Knowledge Economy(12%). We assumed that the charging service can be provided by current gas stations. The range of the vulnerable grades was determined by the accessibility to current gas stations and the vulnerable regions were classified considering the optimal number of charging stations estimated by the efficiency function. We used 4,827 sub-municipal divisions and 11,677 gas station locations for this analysis. The results show that most of mountain areas are vulnerable and the fringe areas of large cities generally get a good grade for the charging infrastructure. The gangwon-do, jeollanam-do, gyeongsangbuk-do, and chungcheongnam-do include more than 40% vulnerable districts.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

ISO/IEC 15118 is a standard for communications and services for electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Although this standard deals only with data communication between an electric vehicle and a charge station, communication with the outside is essential for establishing an authentication system for vehicle certification and V2G service for electric power transmission. In this study, it was designed to verify the information of electric car charging infrastructure in electric power system through communication link between ISO/IEC 15118 electric vehicle model and IEC 61850 standard MMS protocol. This is demonstrated in the field so that the electric vehicle communication data is linked with the micro grid management system. This could be used as an element technology in other distributed power sources as well as electric cars in the future.