• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.952-961
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• 2016

In this paper, we study a spectrum sharing network (SSN) where a spectrum sharing device (SSD) coexists with multiple wireless communication systems (WCSs) in the same channel. The SSD can operate with either a duty cycle (DC) channel access mechanism or a listen-before-talk (LBT) channel access mechanism, whereas WCSs operate with an LBT mechanism. An opportunistic channel selection scheme for the SSD in the SSN is first proposed to minimize the outage probability. The optimal data transmission time for the DC-based SSD is derived to further improve the outage probability. We also derive the exact and closed-form outage probability of the proposed channel selection in the SSN by assuming that the number of WCSs operating in each channel is uniformly distributed. The simulation results show that the proposed channel selection scheme outperforms other channel selection schemes. It was also observed that a DC-based SSD with an optimal data transmission time provides a better outage performance than an LBT-based SSD. As the number of available channels increases, the channel selection scheme plays an important role in minimizing the outage probability of the SSNs.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2010

Can eBay.com's fee structure coordinate the channel? It's a critical strategic problem in e-commerce operations and an interesting research hypothesis as well. eBay's fees include three parts: monthly subscription fee, insertion fee, and final value fee (i.e., a revenue sharing portion), which represent a generic form of revenue sharing fee structure between the retailer and the vendor in a supply chain. This research deals with such a channel consisting of a price-setting vendor who sells products through eBay's marketplace exclusively to the end customers. The up- and down-stream channel relationship is consignment-based revenue sharing. We use a game-theoretic approach with assumption of the retailer (i.e., eBay.com) being a Stackelberg-leader and the vendor being a follower. The Stackelberg-leader decides on the terms of revenue sharing contract (i.e., fee structure), and the follower (vendor) decides on how many units to sell and the items' selling price. This study formulates several profit-maximization models by considering the effects of the retail price on the demand function. Under such settings, we show that eBay's fee structure can improve the channel efficiency; yet it cannot coordinate the channel optimally.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.227-260
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• 2019

This paper offers a comprehensive view of international risk sharing and of related policy issues from the perspective of the European Union. The traditional analyses contemplate three risk-sharing channels: the capital markets channel (through cross border portfolio investments), international transfers and the credit markets channel (via savings). Comparative analyses reveal that, on average, about 80% of the shock remains unsmoothed in Europe while only about 18% of the shock is transmitted to consumers within the US. From aggregated figures, there is space for improving, particularly, the cross-border investments channel in Europe. In this sense, the completion of the Banking and Capital Markets Union are expected to boost risk sharing across European member states. We also review new additional issues usually not contemplated by the traditional literature as depreciation, migration and the role of sovereigns and two new additional channels recently considered in the literature: government consumption and the real exchange rate. Finally, we also examine recent analysis related to the geographic distribution of risk sharing.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to scrutinize the effect of knowledge sharing on entrepreneurial passion and innovative work behavior. This study also tests the mediating role of entrepreneurial passion on the association between knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior in distribution channel. Research design, data and methodology: A quantitative methodology is adopted to inspect the association between knowledge sharing, entrepreneurial passion, and innovative work behavior. Data are obtained from 193 employees from four stone milling companies in Central Java - Indonesia. The Smart PLS 3.0 software is used to verify and test the offered hypotheses. Results: The significant empirical findings reveal that knowledge sharing positively affects entrepreneurial passion and innovative work behavior. Also, entrepreneurial passion positively affects innovative work behavior. In addition, this study brings to the light that entrepreneurial passion mediates the association between knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior. These results suggest that organizations should freely facilitate knowledge-sharing behavior to increase entrepreneurial passion within the organization, thereby promoting innovative work behavior. Conclusions: This study presents a significant contribution to the development of knowledge in business because the studies on the association between knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior have not taken into account the mediating role of entrepreneurial passion.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.104-114
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• 2009

In this paper, a technique is proposed that enables secondary users to evaluate channel availability in cognitive radio networks. Here, secondary users estimate the utilization of channels via predicting the traffic pattern of primary user, and select a proper channel for radio transmission. The proposed technique reduces the channel switching rate of secondary users (the rate of switching from one channel to another) and the interference on primary users, while maintaining a reasonable call blocking rate of secondary users.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.301-304
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• 2014

This paper proposes accurate interference probability and bit error rate formulas for cognitive relay networks with underlay spectrum sharing and channel estimation error (CEE). Numerous results reveal that the CEE not only degrades the performance of secondary systems (SSs) but also increases interference power caused by SSs to primary systems (PSs), eventually unfavorable to both systems. A solution to further protect PSs from this effect through reducing the power of secondary transmitters is investigated and analyzed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

When a channel is vertically separated, there can be inefficiencies, double marginalization. Channel coordination to amend this inefficiency has been an important issue in marketing and economics. Channel coordination deals with maximization of joint profit and achieving proper profit sharing among participants. In this paper, a manufacturer and heterogeneous multiple retailers with exclusive territory are assumed, and channel coordination with two-part tariff is considered. When multiple heterogeneous retailers are assumed, profit sharing can be an issue even though the tariffs based on marginal cost can maximize joint profit. In case of multiple heterogeneous retailers, the manufacturer earns the same profit (fixed fee) from each retailer. This means that a large retailer occupies all the gaps of channel profit between small and large markets. Then, the manufacturer, which generally plays the role of Stackelberg leader, will consider increasing fixed price or marginal price to earn more profit from large retailer. Those reactions can sacrifice maximization of joint profit by making small retailer withdraw or by changing the sales quantities. In this paper, to maximize joint profit and achieve proper profit sharing, two kinds of optional tariffs are considered. The first is an optional two-part tariff based on marginal cost and the second is an optional modified two-part tariff in which marginal prices are higher than the manufacturer's marginal cost. In both types of optional tariffs, maximization of joint profit in each market can be achieved. Moreover, optional tariffs alleviate the problem of profit sharing. Optional tariffs can provide a manufacturer more profit from a large retailer when profit from a small retailer is given. However, the analysis shows that the maximum share of manufacturer from a large retailer is restricted by the condition for self-selection. In case of optional two-part tariffs based on marginal cost, if the gap between demands is large, the maximum share of the manufacturer is sufficient to achieve proper profit sharing. If the gap between demands is not sufficiently large, the manufacturer cannot earn sufficient share from increased profit. An optional modified two-part tariff where marginal price is more than marginal cost of manufacturer is considered because of this scenario. The marginal price above the marginal cost may additionally control the distribution of the increased profit. However, the analysis shows that a manufacturer's maximum profit from a large retailer with given profit from a small retailer is the same as or lower than the maximum profit when optional two-part tariffs based on marginal cost are applied. Therefore, it can be concluded that the optional modified tariffs do not have additional contribution to profit sharing relative to the tariffs based on marginal cost. Although this paper does not cover all kinds of optional tariffs that are different from tariffs based on marginal cost, it shows the advantage of optional tariffs based on marginal cost and has important theoretical implications. The result of this paper also gives guide for channel coordination. Optional two-part tariff based on marginal cost can increase efficiency in channel coordination.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1529-1536
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• 2017

A digital dual-channel interleaved phase-shift full-bridge converter is investigated in this paper, and its topology and principle are analyzed. To realize current sharing and stabilize the output voltage, a controller with current sharing loop and closed voltage loop is employed. In addition, current sharing will increase the output current fluctuation and a new digital interleaved driving technology is proposed to reduce the output current ripple. To verify the analysis, simulation and experiments are carried out, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.31A no.8
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• pp.34-45
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• 1994

We studied threshold voltages and I-V characteristics. considering short channel effect of the fully depleted thin film n-channel SOI MOSFET. We presented a charge sharing model when the back surface of short channel shows accumulation depletion and inversion state respectively. A degree of charge sharing can be compared according to each of back-surface conditions. Mobility is not assumed as constant and besides bulk mobility both the mobility defined by acoustic phonon scattering and the mobility by surface roughness scattering are taken into consideration. I-V characteristics is then implemented by the mobility including vertical and parallel electric field. kThe validity of the model is proved with the 2-dimensional device simulation (MEDICI) and experimental results. The threshold voltage and charge sharing region controlled by source or drain reduced with increasing back gate voltage. The mobility is dependent upon scattering effect and electric field. so it has a strong influence on I-V characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.3B
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• pp.183-198
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• 2006

We define the incomplete medium sharing system as a multi-channel shared medium communication system where constraints are imposed to the set of channels that may be allocated to some transmitter-receiver node pairs. To derive a centralized MAC scheme of a incomplete medium sharing system, we address the problem of optimal channel allocation The optimal channel allocation problem is then translated into a max-flow problem in a multi-commodity flow graph, and it is shown that the optimal solution can then be obtained by solving a linear programming problem. In addition, two suboptimal channel allocation schemes are proposed to bring down the computational complexity to a practical/feasible level; (1) one is a modified iSLIP channel allocation scheme, (2) the other is sequential channel allocation scheme. From the results of a extensive set of numerical experiments, it is found that the suboptimal schemes evaluate channel utilization close to that of the optimal schemes while requiring much less amount of computation than the optimal scheme. In particular, the sequential channel allocation scheme is shown to achieve higher channel utilization with less computational complexity than . the modified iSLIP channel allocation scheme.