• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2024

In recent years, the flexible organic synaptic transistor (FOST) has garnered attention for its flexibility, biocompatibility, ease of processability, and reduced complexity, which arise from using organic semiconductors as channel layers. These transistors can emulate the plasticity of the human brain with a simpler structure and lower fabrication costs compared to conventional inorganic synaptic devices. This makes them suitable for applications in next-generation wearable devices and soft robotics technologies. In FOST, the organic substrate is sensitive to the device preparation temperature; high-temperature treatment processes can cause thermal deformation of the organic substrate. Therefore, low-temperature solution-based processing techniques are essential for fabricating high-performance devices. This review summarizes the current research status of low-temperature solution-based FOST devices and presents the problems and challenges that need to be addressed.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.1293-1293
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• 2024

Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly utilized in the construction industry for diverse applications. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) offers practical experiences and educational opportunities for workers, enhancing productivity and safety. Efforts to optimize IVR involve analyzing biometric responses to monitor concentration, assess learning efficiency, and deliver personalized content. However, IVR faces challenges such as high production costs and prolonged production periods. Additionally, integrating biometric response recording into IVR experiences requires separate modules, further extending production timelines. To address these challenges, an integrated platform is necessary to streamline IVR production, user experience, and biometric response setup and recording. This study introduces such a platform designed to enhance the efficacy of IVR experiences through real-time biometric response analysis. The proposed platform comprises three main processes: (i) IVR content production using Unity; (ii) biometric response definition; and (iii) IVR content experience accompanied by generated logs for biometric responses. Firstly, IVR content production using Unity involves the development of IVR environments and scenarios. The platform incorporates diverse 3D models, including urban landscapes, building elements, and furniture, as the basis for IVR environments. Scenarios are constructed by integrating events into these environments, triggered by conditions such as reaching specific locations, the passage of time, or user interactions. Upon event activation, participants are presented with description UIs, quiz UIs, or route guidance, facilitating engagement and progression through interaction. Secondly, biometric responses encompass eye tracking and EEG. Eye tracking captures pupil diameter and fixation status on Areas of Interest (AOI), defined during IVR content production. EEG recording options include signals from each channel by default, as well as frequency-specific signals and EEG metrics such as attention, stress, fatigue, valence, and arousal. The platform supports the addition of new EEG metrics, enhancing customization and recording capabilities. Lastly, IVR content can be experienced alongside generated logs for biometric responses. The dataset enables monitoring and evaluation of participants' learning performance during IVR experiences, with the potential to enhance worker safety and productivity through immersive practical training and education.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.75-95
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• 2020

With the growth of social networks, various forms of SNS have emerged. Based on various motivations for use such as interactivity, information exchange, and entertainment, SNS users are also on the fast-growing trend. Facebook is the main SNS channel, and companies have started using Facebook pages as a public relations channel. To this end, in the early stages of operation, companies began to secure a number of fans, and as a result, the number of corporate Facebook fans has recently increased to as many as millions. from a corporate perspective, Facebook is attracting attention because it makes it easier for you to meet the customers you want. Facebook provides an efficient advertising platform based on the numerous data it has. Advertising targeting can be conducted using their demographic characteristics, behavior, or contact information. It is optimized for advertisements that can expose information to a desired target, so that results can be obtained more effectively. it rethink and communicate corporate brand image to customers through contents. The study was conducted through Facebook advertising data, and could be of great help to business people working in the online advertising industry. For this reason, the independent variables used in the research were selected based on the characteristics of the content that the actual business is concerned with. Recently, the company's Facebook page operation goal is to go beyond securing the number of fan pages, branding to promote its brand, and further aiming to communicate with major customers. the main figures for this assessment are Facebook's 'OK', 'Attachment', 'Share', and 'Number of Click' which are the dependent variables of this study. in order to measure the outcome of the target, the consumer's response is set as a key measurable key performance indicator (KPI), and a strategy is set and executed to achieve this. Here, KPI uses Facebook's ad numbers 'reach', 'exposure', 'like', 'share', 'comment', 'clicks', and 'CPC' depending on the situation. in order to achieve the corresponding figures, the consideration of content production must be prior, and in this study, the independent variables were organized by dividing into three considerations for content production into three. The effects of content material, content structure, and message styles on Facebook's user behavior were analyzed using regression analysis. Content materials are related to the content's difficulty, company relevance, and daily involvement. According to existing research, it was very important how the content would attract users' interest. Content could be divided into informative content and interesting content. Informational content is content related to the brand, and information exchange with users is important. Interesting content is defined as posts that are not related to brands related to interesting movies or anecdotes. Based on this, this study started with the assumption that the difficulty, company relevance, and daily involvement have an effect on the dependent variable. In addition, previous studies have found that content types affect Facebook user activity. I think it depends on the combination of photos and text used in the content. Based on this study, the actual photos were used and the hashtag and independent variables were also examined. Finally, we focused on the advertising message. In the previous studies, the effect of advertising messages on users was different depending on whether they were narrative or non-narrative, and furthermore, the influence on message intimacy was different. In this study, we conducted research on the behavior that Facebook users' behavior would be different depending on the language and formality. For dependent variables, 'OK' and 'Full Click Count' are set by every user's action on the content. In this study, we defined each independent variable in the existing study literature and analyzed the effect on the dependent variable, and found that 'good' factors such as 'self association', 'actual use', and 'hidden' are important. Could. Material difficulties', 'actual participation' and 'large scale * difficulties'. In addition, variables such as 'Self Connect', 'Actual Engagement' and 'Sexual Sexual Attention' have been shown to have a significant impact on 'Full Click'. It is expected that through research results, it is possible to contribute to the operation and production strategy of company Facebook operators and content creators by presenting a content strategy optimized for the purpose of the content. In this study, we defined each independent variable in the existing research literature and analyzed its effect on the dependent variable, and we could see that factors on 'good' were significant such as 'self-association', 'reality use', 'concernal material difficulty', 'real-life involvement' and 'massive*difficulty'. In addition, variables such as 'self-connection', 'real-life involvement' and 'formative*attention' were shown to have significant effects for 'full-click'. Through the research results, it is expected that by presenting an optimized content strategy for content purposes, it can contribute to the operation and production strategy of corporate Facebook operators and content producers.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-79
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• 2016

It is a rising trend that the number of users using one of the social media channels, the Social Network Service, so called the SNS, is getting increased. As per to this social trend, more companies have interest in this networking platform and start to invest their funds in it. It has received much attention as a tool spreading and expanding the message that a company wants to deliver to its customers and has been recognized as an important channel in terms of the relationship marketing with them. The environment of media that is radically changing these days makes possible for companies to approach their customers in various ways. Particularly, the social network service, which has been developed rapidly, provides the environment that customers can freely talk about products. For companies, it also works as a channel that gives customized information to customers. To succeed in the online environment, companies need to not only build the relationship between companies and customers but focus on the relationship between customers as well. In response to the online environment with the continuous development of technology, companies have tirelessly made the novel marketing strategy. Especially, as the one-to-one marketing to customers become available, it is more important for companies to maintain the relationship marketing with their customers. Among many SNS, Facebook, which many companies use as a communication channel, provides a fan page service for each company that supports its business. Facebook fan page is the platform that the event, information and announcement can be shared with customers using texts, videos, and pictures. Companies open their own fan pages in order to inform their companies and businesses. Such page functions as the websites of companies and has a characteristic of their brand communities such as blogs as well. As Facebook has become the major communication medium with customers, companies recognize its importance as the effective marketing channel, but they still need to investigate their business performances by using Facebook. Although there are infinite potentials in Facebook fan page that even has a function as a community between users, which other platforms do not, it is incomplete to regard companies' Facebook fan pages as communities and analyze them. In this study, it explores the relationship among customers through the network of the Facebook fan page users. The previous studies on a company's Facebook fan page were focused on finding out the effective operational direction by analyzing the use state of the company. However, in this study, it draws out the structural variable of the network, which customer committment can be measured by applying the social network analysis methodology and investigates the influence of the structural characteristics of network on the business performance of companies in an empirical way. Through each company's Facebook fan page, the network of users who engaged in the communication with each company is exploited and it is the one-mode undirected binary network that respectively regards users and the relationship of them in terms of their marketing activities as the node and link. In this network, it draws out the structural variable of network that can explain the customer commitment, who pressed "like," made comments and shared the Facebook marketing message, of each company by calculating density, global clustering coefficient, mean geodesic distance, diameter. By exploiting companies' historical performance such as net income and Tobin's Q indicator as the result variables, this study investigates influence on companies' business performances. For this purpose, it collects the network data on the subjects of 54 companies among KOSPI-listed companies, which have posted more than 100 articles on their Facebook fan pages during the data collection period. Then it draws out the network indicator of each company. The indicator related to companies' performances is calculated, based on the posted value on DART website of the Financial Supervisory Service. From the academic perspective, this study suggests a new approach through the social network analysis methodology to researchers who attempt to study the business-purpose utilization of the social media channel. From the practical perspective, this study proposes the more substantive marketing performance measurements to companies performing marketing activities through the social media and it is expected that it will bring a foundation of establishing smart business strategies by using the network indicators.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.409-415
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• 2015

Summary. With the advent of the internet and the concept of social network service, people of present days are flooded daily with new varieties of the communication channel. One of the most affected group of people may be singing artists. This over-growing number of communication channels pushes singers to put just as many efforts to establish and groom his or her unique identity as an artist. In old 'pre-internet' days, any singing artist's superficial features, like the tone of voice or stage presentation, were the only transcriptive criteria upon which the artist was adjudicated. New developments in technology, however, have set a new paradigm for singing artists of the present day. Respective criteria of today extend beyond the realm of music and comprise musicianship, requiring much scrupulous attention on the various area to propagate and protect one's unique identity as an artist. In light of this phenomenon, this study looks into Mr. Lee, Seung Hwan whom may undoubtedly be one of the most representative ballad singers of 90's. We can probably see his music in 5 features such as Rock Sound based on using various instruments, World Music Sound, Massive Choir, Challenge for the New Style, Lyrics of Life. As a singer-songwriter, he colored numerous albums and influenced the era, unlike many others. He still works vigorously, worthy of his epithet, a 'present-progressive' artist. The object of this study is how Mr. Lee has been proactively dealing with the phenomenon above.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.7
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• pp.261-281
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• 2001

As a new environment, the Internet proposes to us the innovative change of our life. With difficulty, we can go after the Internet's potentiality and the growth speed of technology. In the new stream of innovation technology, we can probably feel the fear of tremendous changes, the reverse, also hope to get the opportunity that come out of Internet world. EC(Electronic Commerce) that out of the evolution of Internet technology gets a coporation changes to survive in 21st century. So the corporation must set the strategy to fit a Internet focused society. As one of them, a virtual store is opened on the Internet. Recently, there has been much attention to the Internet shopping mall as a new distribution channel and marketing tool. This study analyzed that the system environment, perceived product risk, easy of order, perceived security risk would have impact on the customer satisfaction in Electronic Commerce. The Purpose of this study is to develope the concept of the determinants of customer satisfaction and to test a theoretical framework that attempts to explain how the perception of satisfaction in Electronic Commerce. The proposed hypotheses were tested internet shopping mall users and the study results show all hypotheses are supported.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2012

Performance of coronary angiography for exact diagnosis and treatments of cardiovascular disease have been increased recently and it also brings increase of the contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) referred from increasing use of radiological contrast agents. The variation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is an indicator of CIN, which is known to increase when renal function is decreased. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the affecting factors including concomitant drug on variation of eGFR of patients who underwent coronary angiography according to the conditions of renal function. Medical records of 66 patients were evaluated retrospectively and the patients underwent coronary angiography or angioplasty with nonionic and isotonic contrast media (iodixanol) at Chungnam national university hospital from 1 Jan 2008 to 30 Jul 2010. Patients group was divided into 2 groups; the patients in stages 3-4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the patients in stage 2 CKD. Each group was researched about the effect of concomitant drug and clinical characteristics on eGFR variation. The change of eGFR was compared among baseline and 2 or 3 day after coronary angiography. In results, the eGFR variation in group over age 75 was significantly decreased after radiological contrast agents exposure (p $$\leq_-$$ 0.05). The eGFR variation in anemia was significantly decreased after radiological contrast agents exposure in stage 2 CKD (p > 0.05). The eGFR variation in group under $HbA_{1c}$ 6.5% was significantly decreased after radiological contrast agents exposure in stages 3-4 CKD (p $$\leq_-$$ 0.05). The eGFR variation by taking statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and nitroglycerin was increased after radiological contrast agents exposure in stage 2 CKD (p $$\leq_-$$ 0.05). The eGFR variation by using of diuretics was significantly decreased after radiological contrast agents exposure in stages 3-4 CKD (p $$\leq_-$$ 0.05). The eGFR variation by taking statins, nitroglylcerin was increased after radiological contrast agents exposure in stages 3-4 CKD(p > 0.05). The eGFR variation in group over contrast dosage 150 ml was significantly decreased after radiological contrast agents exposure in stages 3-4 CKD (p $$\leq_-$$ 0.05). Therefore, when undergoing coronary angiography, contrast dosage should be minimized less than 150 ml, and diuretics should be restricted as possible in stages 3-4 CKD. Patients over age 75 require special attention to prevent CIN, and if patients undergo coronary angiography in stages 3-4 CKD, $HbA_{1c}$ is also requried to maintain below 6.5% to prevent CIN.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.spc
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

River works for water utilization have substantially altered the natural flow regime, and it has resulted in deformation of healthy river ecosystems. In Korea, river restoration projects have conducted actively since 1990's. Major purposes of the river restoration are the rehabilitation of modified river channel, improvement of water quality, and creation of aquatic habitats as well as recreational spaces using natural material for river work. However, there have been little interests about the restoration of flow regime which influences to most aspects of river ecosystems. The restoration of natural flow regime has received much attention in preservation of aquatic ecosystems. It should be needed to explore the relationship between flow regime and river ecosystems, and the restoring flow regime is essential. This paper introduce the concept of environmental flow through the interrelation between flow regime and river ecosystem. It provides rolls of flow regime and addresses the method of establishing target flow regime using the RVA(Range of Variability Approach) that suggested by Richter et al.(1997) through analysis of altered flow pattern case of Han river basin.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2010

This study focuses on the modeling of DMFC to predict the characteristics and to improve its performance. This modeling requires deep understanding of the design and operating parameters that influence on the cell potential. Furthermore, the knowledge with reference to electrochemistry, transport phenomena and fluid dynamics should be employed for the duration of mathematical description of the given process. Considering the fact that MEA is the nucleus of DMFC, special attention was made to the development of mathematical model of MEA. Multiscale modeling is comprised of process modeling as well as a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The CFD packages and process simulation tools are used in simulating the steady-state process. The process simulation tool calculates theelectrochemical kinetics as well as the change of fractions, and at the same time, CFD calculates various balance equations. The integrated simulation with multiscal modeling explains experimental observations of transparent DMFC.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-29
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• 2007

The brand-based online community recently plays an important roles for consumers to facilitates searching and sharing information among them. Firms often find such a brand community as a critical channel to gain collective intelligence for developing new ideas and products. As a new web platform such as web 2.0 has been introduced, consumers could more easily participate in the new social networks created by sharing mutual value and belief among themselves. Accordingly firms began to recognize potentials of online brand assets and pay attention to the importance of online brand community loyalty. Previous research related to online community tends to focus on identifying the antecedents of community loyalty and their subsequent impacts on brand. They, however, tend to neglect the importance of individual characteristics of online community users. As integrating the fragmented variables with an individual characteristics, therefore, this study reexamined the impacts of interactivity, information, reward, and personalization services provided by an online brand community on the sense of community, community loyalty, and brand attitude. Also, this study investigated how users' individual characteristics(need for cognition: NFC) can play moderating roles among the variables identified in the previous research. A field survey was administrated and 671 valid samples were collected. In order to test the hypothesis we conducted the multi-sample structural equation modeling(MSEM) between two groups(a group with high vs. a group with low level of NFC). Results show that previously identified variables such as interactivity, information, reward, and personalization services have significant effects on the sense of community as previous research demonstrated. Subsequently, the sense of community positively influences the community loyalty and brand attitude. However, when considering the NFC as a moderating variable, we found that the effect of interactivity and reward service on the sense of community was stronger for a group with a lower level of NFC compared to a group with a higher level, while the effect of information providing service on the sense of community was stronger for a group with a higher level of NFC compared to a group with a lower level. This research revealed that NFC can affect the degree of individual perception on the sense of community which has been considered as an important indicator for the community loyalty and brand attitude. Hence, when firms developing customer relation strategy through building an online brand community, they need to reflect customers' NFC and accordingly provide varying degree of interactivity, information, reward, and personalization services.