• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 2012

This thesis aimed to reduce the differences of hair color when hair coloring, so it researched the differences & changes in hair color before shampoo v.s. after shampoo and dry on different heat processes when acid hair color dyeing. Five hair color dyes (Y, R, B, G, Br) manufactured by two different corporations were used. The acid hair color dyes were tinted on black and bleached hair pieces subjected to 3 different heat process; 1. Normal Temperature($25^{\circ}C$, 30min.) / 2. Heating($40^{\circ}C$, 15min.)+Normal Temperature($25^{\circ}C$, 15min.) / 3. Heating($40^{\circ}C$, 30min.). Color numbers were divided by NCS value, chroma, and hue. Statistical averages were derived and t-test was conducted using SPSS V12. Hair color differences and changes were drawn on an NCS chart using Photo Shop PS. The conclu is; If acid hair colorings are separated by a heating process, hair value & chroma change before shampoo vs. after shampoo & dry regardless of the color of hair and the heat process. Hue is not changed or shifted counter clockwise NCS color circle, but some exceptions, and it's the same when the total heat process results are combined. Black hair's value shifted downward and chroma left, and hue stayed either neutral or one color or it shifted counter clockwise on NCS color circle. Bleached hair's value shifted upward and chroma right, and hue stayed one color or shifted counter clockwise, but some exceptions. And it can be shown on NCS chart.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.557-560
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• 2005

The color of objects varies with changes in illuminant color and viewing conditions. As a consequence, color boundaries are influenced by a large variety of imaging variables such as shadows, highlights, illumination, and material changes. Therefore, invariant color models are useful for a large number of applications such as object recognitions, detections, and segmentations. In this paper, we propose invariant color models. These color models are independent of the object geometry, object pose, and illumination. From these color models, color invariant edges are derived. To show the validity of the proposed invariant color models, some examples are given.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.344-356
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long term tooth-brushing effect on the color change of specially treated IPS Empress porcelain surface. Staining techique with blue stain and liquid was used. The surfaces of the specimen were treated with 5% and 10% Hydrofluoric acid, 50mm and 250mm alumina sandblast, and then blue stain and liquid were used for external stain. After 29,200, 58,400, 87,600, 116,200 brushing strokes (equivalent to 2, 4, 6, 8 years each), color changes of the stained layer were measured with spectrophotometer(CM-3500d, MINOLTA, Tolkyo, Japan). The result of this study was obtained as follows : 1. The color changes were great after 29,200 tooth brushing strokes in every group, but from 29,200 strokes to 116,800 strokes, there were no significant color changes in each group. (p>0.05) 2. The greastest color changes were observed in 5% HF treated group and the least color changes were observed in $50{\mu}m$ aluminar sandblast treated group in every stroke (p<0.05), but no statistical difference between groups compared with control group (p>0.05). According to these results, pretreatment of I.P.S. Empress porcelain with alumina sandblast improved the color stability It is thought that about 8 year-tooth brushing strokes does not change the color of IPS Empress porcelain significantly on this condition, but long term follow-up will be needed.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.16-26
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• 2024

Videos shot underwater are known to have significant color distortion. Typical causes are backscattering by floating objects and attenuation of red colors in proportion to the depth of the water. In this paper, we aim to analyze color correction performance and color distortion patterns for images taken underwater. Backscattering and attenuation caused by suspended matter will be discussed in the next study. In this study, based on the DeepSeeColor model proposed by Jamieson et al., we verify color correction performance and analyze the pattern of color distortion according to changes in water depth. The input images were taken in the US Virgin Islands by Jamieson et al., and out of 1,190 images, 330 images including color charts were used. Color correction performance was expressed as angular error using the input image and the correction image using the DeepSeeColor model. Jamieson et al. calculated the angular error using only black and white patches among the color charts, so they were unable to provide an accurate analysis of overall color distortion. In this paper, the color correction error was calculated targeting the entire color chart patch, so an appropriate degree of color distortion can be suggested. Since the input image of the DeepSeeColor model has a depth of 1 to 8, color distortion patterns according to depth changes can be analyzed. In general, the deeper the depth, the greater the attenuation of red colors. Color distortion due to depth changes was modeled in the form of scale and offset movement to predict distortion due to depth changes. As the depth increases, the scale for color correction increases and the offset decreases. The color correction performance using the proposed method was improved by 41.5% compared to the conventional method.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

Color is one of the most important attributes determining the purchase of food products by consumers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify consumer color preferences for songpyun, a traditional Korean rice cake, by a consumer acceptance test and using coated Pantone color chips. Color evaluation tools for the study were developed accordingly. From the results, the songpyun sample designated as product E was given the highest color acceptability score, and was 'slightly liked' (p<0.05). The color of product E was 'very pale red-purple'. All the evaluated pink-color songpyun products were based on this red-purple hue, however, they had differences in tone. The consumer panel favored a pale tone over a bright tone. The color concept for traditional songpyun within the pink color category was identified as 'very pale red-purple', using coated Pantone color chips. This result for the conceptual color preference was consistent with that of the consumer color acceptance test. Thus, color chips could be an effective tool when applied for color standardization in traditional foods production. From the overall results, it seems consumers are perceiving color trends and are willing to adapt to such changes in food applications.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1009-1023
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the variations of catechu dyed fabrics under UV irradiation. Catechu dyed cotton and silk fabrics mordanted with Fe and Cu were irradiated with UV under dry and wet conditions, and then were evaluated on color changes and mechanical properties. Owing to UV irradiation, the K/S values of catechu dyed cotton fabrics increased until a certain amount of time but those of catechu-dyed silk fabrics increased continuously. Cu mordanting cotton fabrics showed the smallest changes due to the UV treatment, and silk fabrics mordanted with Fe showed the largest changes. Wetted fabrics were accelerated maillard browning by UV. Un-mordanted cotton fabrics treated with UV under dry conditions changed its YR color to Y, but changed its Y color to YR under wet conditions. However, mordanted cotton fabrics treated with UV didn't change their color. Dyed silk fabrics except those Fe mordanted and in wet conditions continued to keep their color after UV irradiation. Silk fabric mordanted with Fe under wet conditions changed its Y color to YR by UV irradiation. UV irradiation didn't affect the mechanical properties of catechu-dyed cotton and silk fabrics in any significant way.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2007

As a part of the study for the materials development of compound feelings, therefore, this study investigated into the effects of the colors of warp and weft on the overall colors of fabrics, along with the visual changes of colors by the measuring angle of both warp and weft, by means of cross-dyeing of cotton/PET union fabrics. First, the dyeing of cotton and PET fabrics individually with the same color, the dyeing of PET fabrics followed by that of cotton fabrics resulted in a small difference in color than the dyeing in the reversed order. Second, in the case of the dyeing of cotton/PET union fabrics with the color of one fiber fixed and that of the other in ten colors, the color of cotton fiber, which is warp, gave much influence. In addition, the color change was remarkable among complementary colors, while it was negligible among adjacent colors. Third, in the case of dyeing of cotton/PET union fabrics with the color of one fiber fixed and that of the other in ten colors, the results were different by the measuring angle. When PET was fixed in green and cotton was dyed in ten colors, color-deepening was observed by the inclination in the direction of warp and weft without the dominance over all colors like cotton. When cotton was dyed in red and PET in ten colors, the color of PET appeared dimly in the horizontal case by the direction of the light, and red appeared as inclined in the direction of warp and weft. This is because of the dominance of cotton color over the overall color, since the density of cotton fiber, the warp of union fabrics, is higher than that of PET, the weft. Thus, this is to be considered in the selection of the warp's color. In view of the above results, the color changes are outstanding when the color of warp dominates the overall color and when the colors of warp and weft are complementary, in comparison with the case when the colors are adjacent. The colors also change by the measuring angle.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a new color image enhancement method to improve the color saturation as well as luminance contrast in the YCbCr color space. The proposed method uses the maximum color difference table to compensate the perceived saturation changes due to luminance contrast changes. To improve the color saturation, the method first calculates the weighting factor by using the maximum color difference table and then multiplies the weighting factor to the input color difference signals. In this step, it maps color difference signals to proper color region to prevent the color distortion by considering the correlation of color saturations depending on the luminance and hue. The experimental results show that our method effectively improves color saturation compared to the conventional methods.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.577-585
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The discoloration of anterior teeth restoration is one of the material problems demanding retreatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the color stability and affecting factors on esthetic restorative materials when subjected to accelerated aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted using porcelain disks (IPS Empress 2-glazed, IPS Empress 2-polished), direct restorative resin disks (SYNERGY Duo) and indirect restorative resin disks (Sinfony, TESCERA ATL). Accelerated aging was done by precipitating the specimens in 38.C distilled water and irradiating with xenon light, and the total irradiation was 397.98 KJ/mm. Color and microhardness change of the specimens were measured before accelerated aging and after 100 hours, 200 hours and 300 hours of accelerated aging, and Surface of the specimens were examined with SEM before and after 300 hours of accelerated aging. RESULTS: 1. After 300 hours' accelerated aging, a ${\Delta}E$ value was 3.3 or lower in IPS Empress 2-glazed, IPS Empress 2-polished and Sinfony. 2. After 300 hours' accelerated aging, gloss was lost and surface changes including microcracks were observed in TESCERA ATL and SYNERGY Duo, and color changes of them ranged between 3.58 and 6.40 ${\Delta}E$ units. 3. During 300 hours' accelerated aging, the microhardness of surface was increased by 3.21 - 19.64% in all kinds of composites resin. CONCLUSION: After 300 hours' accelerated aging, SEM images IPS Empress 2-glazed, IPS Empress 2-polished and Sinfony showed little morphological change and their color changes were considered to be clinically acceptable. And there was significant correlation between microhardness changes and color changes of composites (P < .05).

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2024

Purpose: The development of natural batik dyes based on a combination of coconut fiber waste and avocado leaves using the extraction method is important to support the green economy and reduce chemical waste in Indonesia. Research design, data and methodology: The research explores the use of coconut fiber and avocado leaf waste extraction as a natural batik dye and conducts market testing to assess consumer satisfaction. Results: Indonesian batik exports are growing, but synthetic dye practices are causing a decline in demand. To address this, natural dyes are being explored, including coconut fiber waste and avocado leaf waste. Conclusion: Test results from washing at 40 degrees Celsius in terms of color changes and color staining, from sweat in terms of changes in acid color and changes in base color, to sunlight in terms of color fastness value, to heat to iron in terms of color change and color staining shows a value of 3-4 (quite good) and 4-5 (good), meaning that coconut fiber and avocado leaves waste can be used as natural batik dye.