• 제목/요약/키워드: changes in cooking process

검색결과 61건 처리시간 0.027초

콩의 조리과정 중 텍스쳐, 고형물 및 단백질의 변화 (Changes of Texture, Soluble Solids and Protein during Cooking of Soybeans)

  • 김영옥;정해옥;이종욱
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.192-198
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    • 1990
  • 콩(단엽콩, 광교, $ES_2)을 조리 $(100-135^{\circ}C)$하는 과정에서 일어나는 텍스쳐, 고형물 및 단백질의 변화를 분석하였다. 콩의 텍스쳐는 Instron을 이용하는 Puncture test로써 측정하였으며 조직의 변화과정을 주사전자현미경 (SEM)을 이용하여 미세구조를 관찰한 결과 수화가 되면서 세포벽이 허물어지고 protein body가 드러남을 관찰할 수 있었고 일정온도에서 조리 시간이 길어짐에 따라 세포벽이 서로 분리되고 그 구조가 흐트러짐을 알 수 있었다. 침출액 중의 고형물은 조리시간이 길어질수록 많이 용출되었으며 $100^{\circ}C$. 80분에서 11.5-13.2% 정도가 되었다. 용출된 총 고형물 중 11-21%는 단백질이었으며 단백질 용출 비율은 조리시간에 따라 증가하였다.

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근대 이후 죽의 조리과정 변화 연구 -팥죽, 잣죽, 타락죽을 중심으로- (A Study on Changes in the Cooking Process of Gruel in Cook Books Written during Last 100 Years)

  • 조미숙;이경란
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.589-601
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the cooking process of $Pat-juk$(red beans porridge), $Jat-juk$(pine-nut porridge) and $Tarak-juk$(milk porridge) in cooking books published after Korean modern era, approximately from late 19th century to the present. We analyzed 11 historical cook books were analyzed. It is found that the amount of red beans used for $Pat-juk$ was the same or more than that of rice but never less than rice. Only one cook book suggested sugar as seasoning for final taste, but all the other cook books mentioned salt for final taste. $Hangukeumat$(1987) suggested the method for obtaining optimum color for $Pat-juk$. After smashing and passing through the cooked red beans, collecting the red bean water to boil first and then adding the passed through red beans to boil together, in which rice will be added the last to be boiled. For $Jat-juk$, the ratio of the amount of pine-nut and rice were varied among cook books that the amount of pine-nut can be more, same or less than rice. $Jat-juk$ can have salty or sweet, so sugar, honey or salt were used for final seasoning. Pine-nut and rice were cooked together or cooked successively depending on cook books. The changes in cooking procedures of $Tarak-juk$ were the portion of milk used and the method of preparing rice before making the porridge. Firstly, the portion of milk increased over time. $Tarak-juk$ can be also tasting both sweet or salty, so sugar or salt was used for final seasoning. Secondly, two method of preparing rice were found; one is that rice was ground after soaking in water and the other is that rice was ground and toasted before putting into the porridge. When the ground rice was toasted, the milk was added with water at the same time because the cooking time of the porridge with toasted rice was shortened so that the milk could be added earlier than the other method without the risk of sticking on the bottom of the pot. In further studies, the cooking procedures used in the previous period of the late 19th century should be examined. Also after restoring all the cooking methods suggested in cook books, the comparison of the sensorial and nutritional value needs to be carried out for applying or reinventing new recipe for food industry.

The Dry-aging and Heating Effects on Protein Characteristics of Beef Longissiumus Dorsi

  • Kim, Ji-Han;Lee, Ha-Jung;Shin, Dong-Min;Kim, Tae-Kyung;Kim, Young-Boong;Choi, Yun-Sang
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.1101-1108
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    • 2018
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dry-aging (DA) and the cooking process on the myofibril protein functionalities and in vitro digestibility of proteins in beef loin. Six sirloins from beef were dry-aged for 28 d, and the control group (n=6) was analyzed 2 d postmortem for this study. Dimensional changes (reduction of thickness and surface shrinkage) after cooking were significantly greater in the control group than the DA group, whereas the shear force of the DA group was significantly lower than that of the control. Effect of cooking on aggregation, hydrophobicity, and in vitro digestibility were significantly higher in the DA group than in the control. After cooking, the protein in DA sirloins was more oxidized than in the control samples. According to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis result, the low molecular weight bands (below 17 kDa) increased in the DA group, finding that the protein characteristics of dry-aged beef was affected by cooking.

건조 다래순의 조리 중 라디칼 소거 활성과 알파글루코시데이스 억제 활성의 변화 (Changes in Radical Scavenging Activity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Dried Daraesoon (Shoot of Hardy Kiwi, Actinidia arguta) during Cooking)

  • 김정하;최은옥
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.208-213
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    • 2016
  • 다래순 묵나물을 찬물에 16시간 불리고, 30분 삶은 후 1시간 찬물에 불리는 재수화 과정을 거친 후 다래순의 라디칼 소거 활성과 알파글루코시데이스 억제활성은 유의하게 감소하였으며 재수화된 다래순을 $180^{\circ}C$에서 10분 또는 20분 동안 가열 조리한 경우 들기름 첨가와 관계없이 라디칼 소거활성은 증가하였으나 알파글루코시데이스 억제 활성은 들기름을 첨가하고 가열 조리한 경우에만 증가하였다. 다래순의 라디칼 소거 활성과 알파글루코시데이스 억제 활성 변화는 색소보다는 산화방지제, 플라보노이드 또는 토코페롤보다는 폴리페놀 화합물 함량 변화와 더 유사한 경향을 보였다. 따라서 본 결과는 다래순 묵나물의 재수화 또는 가열 조리 시 산화 방지, 항당뇨 등 건강기능성 개선을 위해 폴리페놀 화합물의 손실을 줄이는 것이 바람직함을 시사하였다.

냉동 비빔밥 제조 공정 중 콩나물, 무채 및 돈육의 품질 변화 (Changes in the Quality Characteristics of Bean Sprout, Radish, and Pork During the Unit Processing in Frozen Bibimbab Production)

  • 김이슬;선민지;홍근표
    • 산업식품공학
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.332-340
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구에서는 냉동비빔밥 제조 공정 중 주요 식재료인 콩나물, 무채 및 돈육의 이화학적 특성 변화를 평가하였다. 콩나물의 품질은 원료의 데치기 공정, 해동 공정 및 최종조리 단계에서 변화가 야기되었으며, 특히 데치기 공정이 이후 단위 공정에 따른 품질에 영향을 미치는 중요한 공정 단계로 평가되었다. 무채는 해동 및 최종 조리 단계에서 높은 중량 감소를 보였지만, 다른 식재료에 비하여 감소 폭이 현저하지 않았다. 반면 취반미 혼합 공정에서 조직이 물러지는 현상이 야기되었다. 돈육은 취반미 혼합 및 최종조리 등 열처리에 의하여 중량 감소 및 연도 저하가 현저하게 발생하는 것으로 평가되었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면, 원료 단계에서 콩나물의 데치기 온도 및 시간에 대한 최적화 공정이 요구되며, 특히 모든 식재료에서 공통적으로 발생하는 취반미 혼합 공정에서의 품질 변화 억제를 위하여 냉동밥과 식재료를 분리하여 개별 냉동 후 포장할 수 있는 공정의 개선이 요구되었다.

김치 모재료 채소의 질산염 함량 분포와 배추 염장처리 및 김치 조리방법에 따른 질산염 함량 변화 (Distribution of Nitrate Content in Vegetables for Kimchi Raw Material and Changes of Nitrate Content by Salting of Chinese Cabbage and by Cooking Process of Kimchi)

  • 손상목;이윤건;김영호;박양호
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.63-75
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    • 1997
  • This study aims to find out the devices to minimize the amount of nitrate ingested from kimchi, the main way of vegetable intake for Koreans, and the basic data to deliver to calculate the total daily intake for Korean, investigating the year-round changes of nitrate content in vegetables for Kimche raw material, and changes of nitrate content by salting of chinese cabbage, and stewed kimchi through the use of different cooking methods. The results obtained were summarized as follow: over between 205-6655mg/kg f.w. in chinese cabbage, 480-3970mg/kg f.w. in chinese radish, 157-5820mg/kg f.w. in lettuce and 29-520mg/kg f.w. in cucumber respectively. Therefore it was strongly adviced to introduce the nitrate limit value of vegetables in Korea if the nitrate content in Kimchi should be reduced to meet the nitrate ADI(Acceptable Daily Intake, 219mg60kg b.w) of FAO.WHO, because the nitrate content in Kimchi reflects the nitrate content in vegetables. In order to keep the low nitrate content in Kimchi. it was adviced to remove the outer leaf which contains 2-3 times higher nitrate content compare to the inner leaf at the time of preparation, i.e. chinese cabbage, before the soaking treatment in salt solution for Kimchi making process. The dehydration by soaking treatment in salt solution occurred at 0.9%~4.7% in leaf midrib and more than 13%~24% in leaf blade. The nitrate content after soaking in salt solution was increased 107%~123% compared with before soaking, increasing rates of nitrate content in the outer and inner leaf midrib were higher than those in leaf blade. The increase of nitrate content in salt solution after soaking due to the dehydration of chinese cabbage by soaking treatment. The Kimchi stew(Kimchi JJige) was processed with and without animal oil, but the amount of nitrate in kimchi stew did not decrease both treatments, but it increased after the processing since the water in Kimchi stew has got low by boiling.

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참기름의 조리에 관한 연구(제 2보)-참기름의 가열에 의한 변화와 향신료의 영향- (Studies on the Cooking of Sesame Oil (Part 2)-Fravor and Cooking of Korean Home-Made Sesame Oil)

  • 김천호
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 1979
  • The study was an attempt to compare the Korean home-made sesame oil (sample A) with the market goods in Korean (sample B) and in Japan (sample C) for their flavor and cooking after an hour heating. And there were 5 spices used green onion , garlic, ginger, black pepper and red pepper in heating process of the sesame oil. The results obtained were as follows : 1) On the chemical changes of AV, IV, SV, TBAV, and the appearence of color and viscosity , it was supposed that the changes were showed merely more by the heating than the heating of the spices addition. Among the spices garlic was noticed to change greatly in comparison with the other spices. And A was showed to change a little respectively at color , SV, which B, C changed more. 2) Through the sensory examination there was not of significant effect in the strength and acceptability after an hours heating between sample A, B and C. 3) Basic aroma component of the fresh sesame oil and the heating in the carbonyl fraction were analyzed and indentified by G L C. N-hexanal, n -heptanal , n-octanal etc were increased by means of the heating , sample b remarkably more than A.

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조리방법에 따른 고구마의 당 함량 변화 (Changes in Sugar Content of Sweet Potato by Different Cooking Methods)

  • 서형주;정수현;최양문;배송환;김영순
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 1998
  • 일반적으로 가정에서 고구마 조리에 가장 많이 사용하는 방법인 전자렌지, 가스오븐렌지 및 증자에 의해 조리과정 중 고구마의 중량, 환원당의 양, 당의 조성 및 효소의 활성 변화를 측정하였다. 조리과정 중의 중량변화는 전자렌지와 가스오븐렌지를 이용하여 조리하였을 때 수분의 증발이 일어나 중량이 감소되는 경향을 보인 반면, 증자의 경우에는 중량이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 환원당의 함량은 전자렌지를 이용하여 조리한 경우 조리과정 중 환원당의 양이 증가하다가 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 가스오븐렌지와 증자 시 환원당의 양이 증가되는 경향을보여, 중심부지 온도가 10$0^{\circ}C$일 때 334.60 mg/g과 381.29 mg/g으로 상당히 많은 양의 환원당이 생성되었다. 조리시 당의 성분변화는 가열전 fructose, glucose, surose는 각각 1.56 mg/g, 1.79 mg/g, 5.58 mg/g의 함량을 보였으나, 조리과정 중 fructose, glucose, surose는 조리전에 비해 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 반면 조리전 2.22 mg/g의 함량을 보인 maltose는 조리가 진행될수록 증가하여 전자렌지에서 60초 조리하였을 때 9.01 mg/g, 가스오븐렌지 에서 중심온도가 10$0^{\circ}C$일 때 24.81 mg/g, 증자시 중심온도가 10$0^{\circ}C$일 때 28.10 mg/g으로 증가하였다. 조리과정 중의 $\beta$-amylase의 활성은 조리과정이 진행될수록 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 특히 열전도율이 높은 증자에 의한 조리시 전자렌지나 가스오븐렌지에 비해 효소의 활성이 급격히 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 또한 invertase의 효소활성 역시 조리가 진행될수록 감소되는 경향을 보였다 가스오븐렌지와 증자에 의해 중심온도가 7$0^{\circ}C$와 8$0^{\circ}C$에 도달하였을 때 56.8 unit, 3.2 unit와 65.7 unit와 13.3 unit의 잔존활성을 보였으나 중심온도가 9$0^{\circ}C$와 10$0^{\circ}C$일 때 잔존활성은 측정되지 않았다.

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단체급식에서 제공되는 콩나물무침 및 야채 salads의 생산단계 및 보관단계에 따른 총 비타민C 함량변화 (A Study on Total Vitamin C Content Changes in Process of Food Products Flow and Holding Time of Cooked Soybean Sprouts and Fresh Vegetable Salads in Food Service Operations)

  • 김혜영
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 1998
  • The objective of this study is to provide a fundamental data to improve meals of the college foodservice operations serving more than 300 meals per day through evaluating changes in; total vitamin C contests, water contents, and pH, in the process of handling such foods as soybean sprout cooked and of fresh vegetable salads. This study, also, tried to identify nutrition reduction, step by step, to minimize nutrition loss. 1. In handing COOKED SOYBEAN SPROUTS, total vitamin C contents were higher after wash(1.54%mg%) than other cooking methods adopted in university meals(1.08mg%), however, total vitamin C contents was significantly lost during boiling step. 2. Significant loss of total vitamin C and water content in the FRESH VEGITABLE SALADS was detected in the process of washing and cutting vegitables. Especially,'cabbage' lost 20% of total vitamin C in the process of 'soaking in water', which was one of preparation process 3. Significant loss of vitamin C was observed after 6 hours of HOLDINC AFTER COOKING but it can be reduced through holding under lower temparature, in case of soybean sprouts and fresh vegitable salads. pH became acidic as holding time expanded. WATER CONTENT of cooked soybean sprouts decreased up to 4 hours holding time, however, it increased when we checked at after 6 hours' of holding time. Water content continuously decreased up to 6 hours of holding time in case of FRESH VESITABLE SALADS with the statistically significance level.

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식재료 아웃소싱이 경제적 주방에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 특1급호텔 양식조리를 중심으로 - (Study on economic effects of outsourcing of food materials on the hotel kitchen - Focus on cooking Western food in the first class hotel -)

  • 성태종
    • 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.45-69
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    • 2002
  • This study is designed to examine feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in cooking Western food in a hotel, to interpret importance of outsourcing(eg. outside order, outside procurement, outside supply) in a broad sense in order to reinforce the core capacity in the cooking department, and to know whether the cooking human power is efficiently used and how much the chefs recognize outsourcing of food materials. As many companies conduct restructuring to cut down its size, the reduction of human power led the Western food cooking in the hotel to lower core capacities, lower quality, and lower efficiency. In addition, the sagging morale of chefs undermined creativity. To change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen needs to look into importance of outsourcing, cognitive attitude of chefs, relation with outside suppliers. Here suggests performance of positive changes in the structure The study examined feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in the hotel kitchen as well as chefs' cognitive attitude toward outsourcing of food materials to reinforce core capabilities of the hotel kitchen. 1. Companies of outsourcing are selected according to variability of price conditions, flexibility of contract conditions, popularity of the outsourcing company, and reputation of the outsourcing company. 2. The importance of outsourcing in the Western food cooking is divided into 4 factors such as standard of selecting outsourcing companies, policies of cooking manu, quality of cooking, and quantity of cooking. 3. The most feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is a process of kneading flour for bread, which shows that many Western-food chefs expect to put higher possibility of outsourcing on the kneading. In other words, when it comes to confectionery and bakery, there are many outside expert processing companies supplying high quality products. In the order of outsourcing feasibility, sauce is followed by processed vegetable, garnish of main dish, and soup. The least feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is appetize. Appetize includes a concept of a improvised dish and needs speed. Due to its color, freshness, and sensibility of taste, the appetize plays a key role in the Western food cooking. 4. When outsourcing is taken in place, the highest risk is to lower the inner cooking skills. Therefore chefs in charge of the Western food sequently recognize both internal problems including storage of cooking skills, unstability of layoffs, and loss of cooperation between departments, and external problems including inferior goods, difficulty of differentiating manu, delay of delivery, and expiration date. It shows that most of the Western food chefs consider risks of the internal problems at first. 5. A effective outsourcing needs appropriate selection of outsourcing companies, maintenance of credibility, active communication, check and management of hygiene. However regardless of their position or career, chefs in charge of the Western food have the same cognitive attitude toward selecting successful outsourcing companies after the outsourcing system is enforced. The core of cooking, or a final stage in the full process of so-called artistic cooking, should be treated with insourcing. Reduction of several cooking processes resulted in shortened cooking time, increased efficiency, faster cooking, cutting the waiting-lines, and finally more room for customers. The outsourcing system can reduce or eliminate the following processes in cooking: buying various food materials, checking, storing, preparing, and processing. Especially in the Western food cooking department of a hotel, the outsourcing system should be enforced to make an economic kitchen and to efficiently manage it. Wow it's time to change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen in the hotel cooking department. For that, the cooking department should become a small but strong organization by outsourcing except its core work.

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