• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.138-144
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the change processes for exercise behaviors in each stage. Method: Participants for this study were randomly selected from adults between the ages of 20-44. Data were collected using questionnaires over a 2 week period at the end of May, 2003. The instrument, Stages of exercise behavior change developed by Marcus et al. (1992b), and the instrument, Changing phases of exercise behaviors developed by Nigg et al. (1999) and translated by Kwon (2002) were used to investigate the behaviors. Result: 1. Related to stage of exercise behavior change of participants, it was found that 55.2% of participants exercised regularly. 2. Among the change processes according to stage of change showed that dramatic relief was the most frequently used process for all stages. Environmental reevaluation and social liberation were used most in the contemplation stage, while environmental reevaluation and stimulus control were used most in the preparation stage. In addition, scores for stimulus control and environmental reevaluation were high in the action stage. In the maintenance stage, social liberation and counter-conditioning were used most frequently. 3. The process of exercise behavior change which differentiates the stages of exercise behavior change were shown to be counter-conditioning, which was an influential factor that differentiates the contemplation stage and maintenance stage. Conclusion: The results suggest that change process management should be the focus to enhance the stage of change for exercise in this group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.1171-1177
• /
• 2003

Purpose. Despite many smoking cessation programs, many patients with CAD continue to smoke or re-smoke. The processes of change and self-change for smoking cessation is emphasized. The purpose of present study was to investigate decisional balances and processes of change according to stages of change for smoking cessation in the patients with CAD. Methods. This descriptive study was performed using the self-reported questionnaires from 157 male patients with CAD who have smoking experiences. The questionnaires consisted of decisional balances toward smoking (pros/cons) and processes of change including 7 factors. Results. 45.2% of the subjects had myocardial infarction and 54.8% for angina pectoris. Major stages of change were maintenance, contemplation, and precontemplation in 62%, 14%, and 18% respectively. The mean score of pros smoking was 31.07 and cons smoking was 32.52. The mean scores of processes of change were high in all 7 factors, especially in self determination. The pros smoking in precontemplation stage was significantly higher than those in other stages. Between contemplation and precontemplation stages, processes of change showed significant differences in stimulus control, self determination, information management, and dramatic relief. Conclusion. This study suggests that decisional balances and processes of change are stage-specific. As this study, smoking cessation program in the patients with CAD must put priority on the patients group in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages, and stress self determination and dramatic relief.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.347-357
• /
• 2009

This study conducted a vulnerability assessment on Korea's physical infrastructure to provide base data for developing strategies to strengthen Korea's ability to adapt to climate change. The assessment was conducted by surveying professionals in the field of infrastructure and climate change science. A vulnerability assessment was carried out for seven climate change events: average temperature increases, sea level rise, typhoons and storm surges, floods and heavy rain, drought, severe cold, and heat waves. The survey asked respondents questions with respect to the consequences of each climate change event, the urgency of adaptation to climate change, and the scale of investment for adaptation to each climate change event. Thereafter, management priorities for infrastructure were devised and implications for policy development were suggested. The results showed that respondents expected the possibility of "typhoons and storm surges" and "floods and heavy rain" to be the most high. Respondents indicated that infrastructure related to water, transportation, and the built environment were more vulnerable to climate change. The most vulnerable facilities included river related facilities such as dams and riverbanks in the "water" category and seaports and roads in the "transport and communication" category. The results found were consistent with the history of natural disasters in Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 2017

This study compared and analyzed the construction of a land use change matrix for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) land use, land use change, and forestry area (LULUCF). We used National Forest Inventory (NFI) permanent sample plots (with a sample intensity of 4 km) and permanent sample plots with 500 m sampling intensity. The land use change matrix was formed using the point sampling method, Level-2 Land Cover Maps, and forest aerial photographs (3rd and 4th series). The land use change matrix using the land cover map indicated that the annual change in area was the highest for forests and cropland; the cropland area decreased over time. We evaluated the uncertainty of the land use change matrix. Our results indicated that the forest land use, which had the most sampling, had the lowest uncertainty, while the grassland and wetlands had the highest uncertainty and the least sampling. The uncertainty was higher for the 4 km sampling intensity than for the 500 m sampling intensity, which indicates the importance of selecting the appropriate sample size when constructing a national land use change matrix.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 2017

The Korea Adaptation Center for Climate Change (KACCC) located in Korea Environment Institute has serviced a climate change vulnerability assessment support tool (VESTAP) since 2014 in order to help local governments to establish their own adaptation plans. Owing to its easy usage, the VESTAP has been utilized by not only local governments but also academia for examination of climate change vulnerability in various fields. However, the KACCC has not suggested a standard usage how to compose indices for climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation capacity which are main components of vulnerability although the KACCC manages operation and application of the VESTAP. Many users had no choice but to compose indices based on their own interpretation on the components of vulnerability. This technical note suggests the standard usage of VESTAP by reevaluating some vulnerability assessments previously developed. This may help users to correctly compose indices for climate change vulnerability assessment, and may minimize possibility of inter-user inconsistency in definition of vulnerability assessments.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine effect of anxiety about climate change on life satisfaction and mediating effect of subjective health status between anxiety about climate change and life satisfaction among older persons. Methods: This study used data from Statistics Korea 2018 Social Survey and a total of 7,870 older persons aged 65 and over were selected for the analyses. Descriptive statistics was used to identify characteristics of study participants and correlation analysis was used to examine the associations among anxiety about climate change, subjective health status, and life satisfaction. Also, multiple regression analyses were performed to examine effect of anxiety about climate change on life satisfaction and mediating effect of subjective health status between anxiety about climate change and life satisfaction. Results: Study findings show that anxiety about climate change had significant effect on life satisfaction. A higher level of anxiety decreased the level of life satisfaction of the elderly. A higher level of anxiety about climate change also decreased the level of subjective health status. In addition, the effect of anxiety about climate change on life satisfaction was partially mediated by subjective health status. Conclusions: Findings of the study suggest that the needs of older population should be considered in designing policy and interventions on climate change.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.401-410
• /
• 2021

The study tests resilience and work ethics as mediators between charismatic leadership and affective commitment to change. Many organizations, such as banking, insurance companies, and financial institutions, face strong competition and consequently need to effect considerable change within the organization. Many variables have a significant impact on the success of organizational change, and people (resilience and work ethics) as well as change leaders are primary variables in this research. This study, using structural equation modeling, was conducted on a sample of 355 employees from banking and insurance companies. In this study, the inventory of affective commitment to change, the Conger-Kanungo charismatic leadership scale, resilience, and work ethic inventory was used. The results showed that resilience is a partial mediator between charismatic leadership and affective commitment to change. Meanwhile, work ethic was not a mediator between the two variables. The results showed that charismatic leadership can have a direct, positive, and significant impact on affective commitment to change without mediators, and that resilience can act as partial mediator. Furthermore, work ethic had a significant and positive effect on affective commitment to change through resilience. In other words, resilience is a full mediator for the impact of work ethic on affective commitment to change.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.587-595
• /
• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to differentiate the change in exercise behavior into different stages and to investigate differences in the process of change, self efficacy, decisional balances and depression according to the stages of exercise behavior change among middle aged women in Korea by using the transtheoretical Model. Methods. A convenience sample of 434 middle aged women (40-64 years) completed measures of all transtheoretical model constructs involved in exercise behaviors (stages and processes of exercise behaviors change, self efficacy and decisional balance) and depression. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10.0 program including descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA. Results. The subjects were distributed in each stage of change in exercise behaviors: pre-contemplation (n = 106; 24.4%), contemplation (n = 126; 29%), preparation (n = 88; 20.3%), action (n = 51; 11.8%), and maintenance (n = 63; 14.5%). The processes of change, pros (advantages of behaviors), self-efficacy and depression were significantly differentiated across the stages of exercise behavior change. Cons(disadvantage of behaviors) was not significantly differentiated across the stages of exercise behavior change. Conclusions. Results of this study suggested that discriminating of processes of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and depression could provide positive information to people about the stages of change in exercise behavior. Therefore, in designing interventions, the stage of a client's exercise behaviors change needs to be assessed prior to application of intervention programs in order to increase and maintain exercise behavior in middle aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this article is to examine land use change in the fringe area of a metropolitan city through multi-temporal data analysis. Change detection has been regarded as one of the most important applications for utilization of remotely sensed imageries. Conventionally, two images were used for change detection, and Arithmetic calculators were generally used on the process. Meanwhile, multi-temporal change detection for a large number of images has been carried out. In this paper, a digital land-use map and three Landsat TM data were utilized for the multi-temporal change detection Each urban area map was extracted as a base map on the process of multi-temporal change detection. Each urban area map was converted to bit image by using boolean logic. Various urban change types could be obtained by stacking the urban area maps derived from the multi-temporal data using Geographic Information System(GIS). Urban change type map was created by using the process of piling up the bit images. Then the urban change type map was compared with each land cover map for the change detection. Dalseo-gu of Daegu city and Hwawon-eup of Dalsung-gun, the fringe area of Daegu Metropolitan city, were selected for the test area of this multi-temporal change detection method. The districts are adjacent to each other. Dalseo-gu has been developed for 30 yeais and so a large area of paddy land has been changed into a built-up area. Hwawon-eup, near by Dalseo-gu, has been influenced by the urbanization of Dalseo-gu. From 1972 to 1999, 3,507.9ha of agricultural area has been changed into other land uses, while 72.7ha of forest area has been altered. This agricultural area was designated as a 'Semi-agricultural area'by the National landuse Management Law. And it was easy for the preserved area to be changed into a built-up area once it would be included as urban area. Finally, the method of treatment and management of the preserved area needs to be changed to prevent the destruction of paddy land by urban sprawl on the urban fringe.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2013

Seven diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) prospective payment system is going to expand to all hospitals including university hospitals this year. However there are few studies on the change of practice pattern under prospective payment system in the university hospital setting. So This study was intended to predict the practice pattern change after the introduction of 7 DRGs prospective payment system in a university hospital setting. To predict the change of practice pattern, this study used simulation technique. Five hundred and nineteen patients classified as 5 DRGs in a university hospital were selected for simulation. The change of practice pattern were predicted based on clinicians' opinion. We also predicted payment change by service items. Major findings of this study are as follows. First, the total medical payment was reduced by 14.4%. The drug payment change (8.8%) took most of total payment reduction. The followings are the change of treatment material cost (3.2%), the change of laboratory tests cost (1.8%), the change of room charge (0.5%), and other payment change (0.1%), respectively. Second, most of the reduction in total medical payment resulted from the decreased amount of medical services themselves. The transfer of medical services to outpatient setting took up only 4.9% of the total payment reduction. The change of unit price or composition took up 5.5% of the total payment reduction. In this study we found that it is possible to reduce the inpatient services through practice pattern change in university hospital setting. However, it needs to be careful to adjust DRG payment after the reduction of provided services, because most of reduction was not due to service transfer but to service volume reduction. It is desirable to utilize the saving from practice pattern change as incentive to improve quality of care.