• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.185-187
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• 2009

Although most of sacral perineural cysts are asymptomatic, some may produce symptoms. Specific radicular pain may be due to distortion, compression, or stretching of nerve root by a space occupying cyst. We report a rare case of S1 radiculopathy caused by sacral perineural cyst accompanying disc herniation. The patient underwent a microscopic discectomy at L5-S1 level. However, the patient's symptoms did not improved. The hypesthesia persisted, as did the right leg pain. Cyst-subarachnoid shunt was set to decompress nerve root and to equalize the cerebrospinal fluid pressure between the cephalad thecal sac and cyst. Immediately after surgery, the patient had no leg pain. After 6 months, the patient still remained free of leg pain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.50-52
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• 2009

A 31-year-old man presented with dull headache and memory disturbance lasting for one week. Computed tomographic scans revealed acute hydrocephalus. The cerebrospinal fluid contained 53 leukocytes/$mm^3$, with a mononuclear preponderance and no erythrocytes. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hydrocephalus and leptomeningeal enhancement. Magnetic resonance angiography and digital subtraction angiography showed supraclinoid occlusion of the right internal carotid artery, which resembled unilateral moyamoya disease. Neuroendoscopic biopsy of a lesion in the septum pellucidum revealed noncaseating granulomas, which was consistent with sarcoidosis. The patient was successfully managed with intravenous methylprednisolone and ventriculoperitoneal shunting. To our knowledge, this is the first case of moyamoya-like vasculopathy associated with neurosarcoidosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.288-290
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• 2010

The common etiologies of pneumocephalus, presence of air in the intracranial cavity, are trauma and cranial surgery. Pneumocephalus after spinal surgery is an unusual postoperative complication. We report the case of a male 59-year-old man who developed a pneumacephalus after posterior lumbar surgery for spinal stenosis. Intraoperatively, a cerebrospinal fluid leak following a dural tear was noted and immediately repaired. The next day, the patient complained of headache and dizziness. Head and lumbar computed tomography scans revealed significant air in the frontal region, several cisterns, intraventricle, and extra-dural area in the spine canal. Symptoms were spontaneously resolved within 2 weeks with conservative management.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2013

Four patients underwent lumbar surgery. In all four patients, the dura was minimally torn during the operation. However, none exhibited signs of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. In each case, a few days after the operation, the patient suddenly experienced severe recurring pain in the leg. Repeat magnetic resonance imaging showed transdural nerve rootlets entrapped in the intervertebral disc space. On exploration, ventral dural tears and transdural nerve rootlet entrapment were confirmed. Midline durotomy, herniated rootlet repositioning, and ventral dural tear repair were performed, and patients' symptoms improved after rootlet repositioning. Even with minimal dural tearing, nerve rootlets may become entrapped, resulting in severe recurring symptoms. Therefore, the dural tear must be identified and repaired during the first operation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.290-296
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• 1998

Histological changes was investigated in the 4 weeks old rat brain using NMDA (N-methyl-D-asparate) which is capable of mediating excitotoxic events. The changes were occured when the injected NMDA solved in PBS was over $1.0{\mu}g/g$(about 90nM). The necrosis of Purkinje cells in cerebellum and the increasement of coloidal plexus cell number were prevalent. The Purkinje cell number of necrosis were increased according to increasement of amount of injected NMDA. In spite of increasement of degenerated Purkinje cell number, differentiation of new Purkinje cell was not identified because total number of Purkinje cell was not changed. The change of cell number was observed in coloidal plexus cell rather than degeneration of cell. About 5 time increasement was occured. This change may cause increasement of cerebrospinal fluid and the makes mophorogy of brain more round than nomal.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.363-367
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• 2008

A 4-year-old female Cocker spaniel was presented with respiratory distress and abdominal distension. Pleural effusion, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, and superficial lymphadenopathy were observed and multicentric lymphoma was diagnosed by cytological examination. Immunophenotyping of lymph node and bone marrow using polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement identified a stage V lymphoma originating from T-cell. Despite of systemic chemotherapy using L-asparagenase, vincristine, cyclophoaphamide and prednisolone, neurologic deficits came out and progressed. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed neoplastic lymphocytic pleocytosis indicating central nervous system involvement of lymphoma. The postmortem diagnosis was confirmed based on the histology and imunohistochemistry.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.274-276
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• 2011

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a recognized cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Subdural hematoma (SDH) is a serious but rare complication of SIH. An autologous epidural blood patch at the CSF-leak site can effectively relieve SIH. We report a case of bilateral SDH with SIH caused by a CSF leak originating at the C1-2 level. A 55-year-old male complained of orthostatic headache without neurological signs. His symptoms did not respond to conservative treatments including bed rest, hydration and analgesics. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a subdural hematoma in the bilateral fronto-parietal region, and computed tomography (CT) myelography showed a CSF leak originating at the C1-2 level. The patient underwent successful treatment with a CT-guided epidural blood patch at the CSF-leak site after trephination for bilateral SDH.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 2011

A 43-year-old male presenting with headache and dizziness underwent craniotomy and gross total resection of an extraaxial tumor was achieved via left occipital interhemispheric approach. The tumor was diagnosed as papillary meningioma arising from the left falcotentorium with such pathologic characteristics of bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma. At postoperative day 40, he developed generalized tonic clonic seizure and then progressed to a status epilepticus pattern. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed irregular leptomeningeal enhancement with a significant peritumoral area. Through a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study, we identified the meningioma cells of the papillary type from the CSF. At the postoperative day 60, he fell into semicomatose state, and the computed tomography imaging showed low density on both cerebral hemispheres, except the basal ganglia and cerebellum, with overall brain swelling and an increased intracranial pressure. He died on the following day. We experienced a rare case of a papillary meningioma with leptomeningeal seeding.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2018

About one-third of patients with transsphenoidal basal encephaloceles have associated congenital anomalies, including cleft palate. Moreover, they are often plagued by symptomatic exacerbations in the form of upper respiratory obstructions, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, meningitis, etc., with few patients being asymptomatic. We herein present a rare asymptomatic case of transsphenoidal basal encephalocele in an 18-month-old child with cleft palate and highlight a modified version of two-flap palatoplasty.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.699-702
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• 2002

Shunt valves implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of brain to treat patient with hydrocephalus were numerically simulated to investigate influence of pressure pulsation on their flow control characteristics. Shunt valves are subjected to pressure variation since ventricles enclosing the brain are under pressure pulsation rather than uniform pressure due to blood pressure variation. We modeled flow orifice through shunt valve and imposed pulsating pressure and valve diaphragm movement to compute flow through the valve. The results of our study indicated that flow rate increased by $40{\%}$ by introducing pressure pulsation and diaphragm movement on the shunt valve. Our results demonstrate the pressure-flow control characteristics of shunt valves unplanted above human brain may be quite different from the characteristics obtained by syringe pump test with uniform pressure and no diaphragm movement.