• 제목/요약/키워드: ceramic processing

검색결과 820건 처리시간 0.047초

BaTi0.5Co0.5Fe11O19 조성을 갖는 M형 바륨 페라이트의 Ka-밴드 전파흡수특성 (Microwave Absorbing Properties of M-type Barium Ferrites with BaTi0.5Co0.5Fe11O19 Composition in Ka-band Frequencies)

  • 김용진;김성수
    • 한국자기학회지
    • /
    • 제19권6호
    • /
    • pp.203-208
    • /
    • 2009
  • Ka 대역 (26.5~40 GHz)용 전파흡수체의 자성손실재로 Ti-Co가 치환된 M형 바륨 페라이트($BaTi_{0.5}Co_{0.5}Fe_{11}O_{19}$)를 제조하고, 페라이트-고무 복합체에서 자기적 성질 및 전파흡수특성에 관해 조사하였다. M형 바륨 페라이트에서 Ti-Co가 치환됨에 따라 보자력의 감소가 급격히 일어났다. 이는 c 축으로 강한 자기이방성을 갖던 M형 바륨 페라이트의 자기이방성이 a-b 면내 자기이방성으로 변화함에 기인한다. 이에 따라 자연공명주파수를 Ka 주파수 대역으로 이동시킬 수 있었고, 복소투자율의 주파수 분산특성의 제어가 가능하였다. Ti-Co가 치환된 M형 바륨 페라이트 복합체의 경우 Ka 대역에서 임피던스 정합조건을 만족시킬 수 있었다. 흡수대역폭 증가에 페라이트/고무 함량비(F/R)의 조절이 매우 중요함을 제시하였다. F/R = 4의 함량비에서 ?20㏈ 이하의 반사손실을 갖는 흡수대역폭이 7 GHz 정도로 매우 우수한 광대역 전파흡수특성을 보였다. F/R 비가 증가할수록 정합주파수 및 정합두께는 감소하였으나, 흡수대역폭은 줄어들었다.

Fitting accuracy of ceramic veneered Co-Cr crowns produced by different manufacturing processes

  • von Maltzahn, Nadine Freifrau;Bernhard, Florian;Kohorst, Philipp
    • The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
    • /
    • 제12권2호
    • /
    • pp.100-106
    • /
    • 2020
  • PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fitting accuracy of single crowns made from a novel presintered Co-Cr alloy prepared with a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique, as compared with crowns manufactured by other digital and the conventional casting technique. Additionally, the influence of oxide layer on the fitting accuracy of specimens was tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 40 test specimens made from Co-Cr alloy were investigated according to the fitting accuracy using a replica technique. Four different methods processing different materials were used for the manufacture of the crown copings (milling of presintered (Ceramill Sintron-group_cer_sin) or rigid alloy (Tizian NEM-group_ti_nem), selective laser melting (Ceramill NPL-group_cer_npl), and casting (Girobond NB-group_gir_nb)). The specimens were adapted to a resin model and the outer surfaces were airborne-particle abraded with aluminum oxide. After the veneering process, the fitting accuracy (absolute marginal discrepancy and internal gap) was evaluated by the replica technique in 2 steps, before removing the oxide layer from the intaglio surface of the crowns, and after removing the layer with aluminum oxide airborne-particle abrasion. Statistical analysis was performed by multifactorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α=.05). RESULTS. Mean absolute marginal discrepancy ranged between 20 ㎛ (group_cer_npl for specimens of Ceramill NPL) and 43 ㎛ (group_cer_sin for crowns of Ceramill Sintron) with the oxide layer and between 19 ㎛ and 28 ㎛ without the oxide layer. The internal gap varied between 33 ㎛ (group_ti_nem for test samples of Tizian NEM) and 75 ㎛ (group_gir_nb for the base material Girobond NB) with the oxide layer and between 30 ㎛ and 76 ㎛ without the oxide layer. The absolute marginal discrepancy and the internal gap were significantly influenced by the fabrication method used (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Different manufacturing techniques had a significant influence on the fitting accuracy of single crowns made from Co-Cr alloys. However, all tested crowns showed a clinically acceptable absolute marginal discrepancy and internal gap with and without oxide layer and could be recommended under clinical considerations. Especially, the new system Ceramill Sintron showed acceptable values of fitting accuracy so it can be suggested in routine clinical work.

Effect of Hot Pressing/Melt Mixing on the Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

  • Lee, Young-Hee;Kang, Bo-Kyung;Kim, Han-Do;Yoo, Hye-Jin;Kim, Jung-Soo;Huh, Jae-Ho;Jung, Young-Jin;Lee, Dong-Jin
    • Macromolecular Research
    • /
    • 제17권8호
    • /
    • pp.616-622
    • /
    • 2009
  • In-depth understanding of the influence of hot pressing and melt processing on the properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is critical for effective mechanical recycling of TPU scraps. Therefore, this study focused on the effects of hot pressing and melt mixing on molecular weight (MW), polydispersity index (PDI), melt index (MI), characteristic IR peaks, hardness, thermal degradation and mechanical properties of TPU. The original TPU pellet (o-TPU) showed two broad peaks at lower and higher MW regions. However, four TPU film samples, TPU-0 prepared only by hot pressing of o-TPU pellet and TPU-1, TPU-2 and TPU-3 obtained by hot pressing of melt mixed TPUs (where the numbers indicate the run number of melt mixing), exhibited only a single peak at higher MW region. The TPU-0 film sample had the highest $M_n$ and the lowest PDI and hardness. The TPU-1 film sample had the highest $M_w$ and tensile modulus. As the run number of melt mixing increased, the peak-intensity of hydrogen bonded C=O stretching increased, however, the free C=O peak intensity, tensile strength/elongation at break and average MW decreased. All the samples showed two stage degradations. The degradation temperatures of TPU-0 sample (359 $^{\circ}C$ and 394 $^{\circ}C$)were higher than those of o-TPU (342 $^{\circ}C$ and 391 $^{\circ}C$). While all the melt mixed samples degraded at almost the same temperature (365 $^{\circ}C$ and 381 $^{\circ}C$). The first round of hot pressing and melt mixing was found to be the critical condition which led to the significant changes of $M_n$/$M_w$/PDI, MI, mechanical property and thermal degradation of TPU.

자전연소합성법으로 제조한 Zr계 AB2-x Mx 금속수소화물의 수소저장특성 (Hydrogen Storage Properties of Zr-Based AB2-x Mx Metal Hydrides Made by Hydriding Combustion Synthesis (HCS))

  • 허태홍;한정섭;김진호
    • 대한금속재료학회지
    • /
    • 제50권3호
    • /
    • pp.256-262
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study investigated the hydrogen storage properties of Zr-Based $AB_{2-x}M_x$ metal hybride made by HCS (Hydriding Combustion Synthesis). The materials were prepared by HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm, HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-20 wt% Mg and pure Zr-Based $AB_2$, These materials were activated at 298 K under 20 bar. Both HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-20 wt% Mg and HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm were absorbed within 1 minute. In the case of the $AB_2$, it was perfectly absorbed within 6 minutes. Then, the materials were evaluated to obtain P-C-T (Pressure-Composition-Temperature) curves at 298K. As a result, the hydrogen storage capacity of HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-20 wt% Mg, HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm and pure Zr-Based $AB_2$ were determined to be 1.2, 1.6 and 1.74 wt%, respectively. The activation energy and rate controlling step were calculated by the Johnson-Mehl Avrami equation. The activation energies of HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-20 wt% Mg, HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm and pure Zr-Based $AB_2$ were 26.91, 20.45, and 60.41 kJ/mol, respectively. Also, the values of ${\eta}$ in the Johnson-Mehl Avrami equation for HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-20 wt% Mg, HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm and pure Zr-Based $AB_2$ are 0.60, 0.51, and 0.44. So, the rate controlling steps which indicate hydrogen storage mechanism are an one dimensional diffusion process.

Ru-Co가 치환된 M-형 육방정 페라이트(BaFe12-2xRuxCoxO19)의 자기적 성질 및 전파흡수 특성 (Magnetic and Microwave Absorbing Properties of M-type Hexagonal Ferrites Substituted by Ru-Co(BaFe12-2xRuxCoxO19))

  • 조한신;김성수
    • 한국자기학회지
    • /
    • 제18권4호
    • /
    • pp.136-141
    • /
    • 2008
  • Ru-Co가 복합 치환된 M-type Ba-ferrite($BaFe_{12-2x}Ru_xCo_xO_{19}$)의 치환량 x의 변화에 따른 자기적 특성과 전파흡수 특성에 관해 조사하였다. 기존의 Ti-Co를 치환시킨 경우보다 적은 양의 치환(x=0.3)으로 면내 자기이방성을 보이는 낮은 보자력($H_c$)과 높은 포화자화($M_s$) 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 Ru-Co 치환량 조절에 의해 GHz 대역에서 자연공명주파수의 조절이 가능하였다. 소결체 및 복합체에서 흡수 주파수 대역은 보자력이 증가할수록 고주파 대역으로 이동한다. 복합체에서 페라이트 혼합량이 증가함에 따라 복소투자율과 복소유전율의 값이 증가하기 때문에 정합주파수는 저주파 대역으로 이동한다. 이러한 특성들을 이용하여 순수한 M-형 육방정 페라이트에 Ru-Co의 치환량, 복합체에서 페라이트 분말의 혼합량, 그리고 흡수체의 두께의 제어를 통하여 GHz 주파수 대역에서 양호한 전자파 흡수체, 노이즈 감쇠재의 제조가 가능함을 제시할 수 있다.

Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 세라믹 고체전해질의 B2O3 첨가에 따른 미세구조 및 이온전도도에 대한 연구 (Investigation of Microstructure and Ionic Conductivity of Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 Ceramic Solid Electrolytes by B2O3 Incorporation)

  • 권민재;한현일;신슬기;구상모;신원호
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
    • /
    • 제36권6호
    • /
    • pp.627-632
    • /
    • 2023
  • Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various applications, including electric vehicles and portable electronics, due to their high energy density and long cycle life. The performance of lithium-ion batteries can be improved by using solid electrolytes, in terms of higher safety, stability, and energy density. Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (LATP) is a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries due to its high ionic conductivity and excellent stability. However, the ionic conductivity of LATP needs to be improved for commercializing all-solid-state lithium battery systems. In this study, we investigate the microstructures and ionic conductivities of LATP by incorporating B2O3 glass ceramics. The smaller grain size and narrow size distribution were obtained after the introduction of B2O3 in LATP, which is attributed to the B2O3 glass on grain boundaries of LATP. Moreover, higher ionic conductivity can be obtained after B2O3 incorporation, where the optimal composition is 0.1 wt% B2O3 incorporated LATP and the ionic conductivity reaches 8.8×10-5 S/cm, more than 3 times higher value than pristine LATP. More research could be followed for having higher ionic conductivity and density by optimizing the processing conditions. This facile approach for establishing higher ionic conductivity in LATP solid electrolytes could accelerate the commercialization of all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Stellite bearings for liquid Zn-/Al-Systems with advanced chemical and physical properties by Mechanical Alloying and Standard-PM-Route

  • Zoz, H.;Benz, H.U.;Huettebraeucker, K.;Furken, L.;Ren, H.;Reichardt, R.
    • 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국분말야금학회 2000년도 춘계학술강연 및 발표대회 강연 및 발표논문 초록집
    • /
    • pp.9-10
    • /
    • 2000
  • An important business-field of world-wide steel-industry is the coating of thin metal-sheets with zinc, zinc-aluminum and aluminum based materials. These products mostly go into automotive industry. in particular for the car-body. into building and construction industry as well as household appliances. Due to mass-production, the processing is done in large continuously operating plants where the mostly cold-rolled metal-strip as the substrate is handled in coils up to 40 tons unwind before and rolled up again after passing the processing plant which includes cleaning, annealing, hot-dip galvanizing / aluminizing and chemical treatment. In the liquid Zn, Zn-AI, AI-Zn and AI-Si bathes a combined action of corrosion and wear under high temperature and high stress onto the transfer components (rolls) accounts for major economic losses. Most critical here are the bearing systems of these rolls operating in the liquid system. Rolls in liquid system can not be avoided as they are needed to transfer the steel-strip into and out of the crucible. Since several years, ceramic roller bearings are tested here [1.2], however, in particular due to uncontrollable Slag-impurities within the hot bath [3], slide bearings are still expected to be of a higher potential [4]. The today's state of the art is the application of slide bearings based on Stellite\ulcorneragainst Stellite which is in general a 50-60 wt% Co-matrix with incorporated Cr- and W-carbides and other composites. Indeed Stellite is used as the bearing-material as of it's chemical properties (does not go into solution), the physical properties in particular with poor lubricating properties are not satisfying at all. To increase the Sliding behavior in the bearing system, about 0.15-0.2 wt% of lead has been added into the hot-bath in the past. Due to environmental regulations. this had to be reduced dramatically_ This together with the heavily increasing production rates expressed by increased velocity of the substrate-steel-band up to 200 m/min and increased tractate power up to 10 tons in modern plants. leads to life times of the bearings of a few up to several days only. To improve this situation. the Mechanical Alloying (MA) TeChnique [5.6.7.8] is used to prOduce advanced Stellite-based bearing materials. A lubricating phase is introduced into Stellite-powder-material by MA, the composite-powder-particles are coated by High Energy Milling (HEM) in order to produce bearing-bushes of approximately 12 kg by Sintering, Liquid Phase Sintering (LPS) and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). The chemical and physical behavior of samples as well as the bearing systems in the hot galvanizing / aluminizing plant are discussed. DependenCies like lubricant material and composite, LPS-binder and composite, particle shape and PM-route with respect to achievable density. (temperature--) shock-reSistibility and corrosive-wear behavior will be described. The materials are characterized by particle size analysis (laser diffraction), scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. corrosive-wear behavior is determined using a special cylinder-in-bush apparatus (CIBA) as well as field-test in real production condition. Part I of this work describes the initial testing phase where different sample materials are produced, characterized, consolidated and tested in the CIBA under a common AI-Zn-system. The results are discussed and the material-system for the large components to be produced for the field test in real production condition is decided. Outlook: Part II of this work will describe the field test in a hot-dip-galvanizing/aluminizing plant of the mechanically alloyed bearing bushes under aluminum-rich liquid metal. Alter testing, the bushes will be characterized and obtained results with respect to wear. expected lifetime, surface roughness and infiltration will be discussed. Part III of this project will describe a second initial testing phase where the won results of part 1+11 will be transferred to the AI-Si system. Part IV of this project will describe the field test in a hot-dip-aluminizing plant of the mechanically alloyed bearing bushes under aluminum liquid metal. After testing. the bushes will be characterized and obtained results with respect to wear. expected lifetime, surface roughness and infiltration will be discussed.

  • PDF

Active MAP가 파프리카 신선편이 저장성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Storability of Fresh-cut Paprika)

  • 최인이;유태종;정현진;김일섭;강호민;이용범
    • 생물환경조절학회지
    • /
    • 제20권3호
    • /
    • pp.227-232
    • /
    • 2011
  • 파프리카 신서편이 제품화 및 품질과 저장성 향상을 위해 Active MA 조건을 비교 규명 하였다. Active MA 처리구와 진공처리, 일반 MA 포장 처리를 하였으며 생체중, 산소, 이산화탄소, 에틸렌 농도와 경도, 이취 전해질 누출량을 측정하였다. 생체중은 진공처리가 가장 큰 감소를 보였고 5 : 5 : 90($CO_2:O_2:N_2$), 가장 낮은 감소 보였으며 다른 처리에서는 처리간의 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 산소, 이산화 탄소, 에틸렌농도 변화는 30 : 10 : 60($CO_2:O_2:N_2$) 처리가 산소 감소율과 이산화 탄소 증가율이 가장 크게 측정되었으며 그 외 처리는 감소율과 증가율에서 특별한 특징을 나타내지는 않았다. 에틸렌 농도는 30 : 10 : 60 처리 조건이 가장 크게 측정 되었으며 MA 조건이 가장적은 농도로 측정 되었다. 경도는 진공처리 조건이 가장 낮게 측정되었으며 이취의 경우 30 : 10 : 60 처리조건과 진공 포장 처리구의 이취 발생량이 가장 많은것으로 평가 되었다. 전해질 용출량은 진공조건 처리가 70%로 가장 많았고 30 : 10 : 60 처리가 35%로 Active MA 조건에서 가장 많은 누출을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 진공처리와 고농도 이산화탄소 처리는 파프리카 신선편이 포장 처리에 적합하지 않으며 Active MA 처리시 10 : 70 : 20($CO_2:O_2:N_2$)와 0 : 20 : 80이 가장 적합하다고 사료된다.

지르코니아/알루미나 복합 지대주의 생물학적 안정성에 관한 연구 (Biological stability of Zirconia/Alumina composite ceramic Implant abutment)

  • 배규현;한증석;김태일;설양조;이용무;구영;조기영;정종평;한수부;류인철
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
    • /
    • 제36권2호
    • /
    • pp.555-565
    • /
    • 2006
  • The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the biological stability of the zirconia/alumina composite abutment by histologic and radiographic examination in clinical cases. 17 partially edentulous patients (5 men and 12 women, mean age 47) were treated with 37 implants. The implants were placed following the standard two-stage protocol. After a healing period of 3 to 6 months, zirconia/alumina composite abutments were connected. All radiographs were taken using paralleling technique with individually fabricated impression bite block, following insertion of the prosthesis and at the 3-, 6-, 12 month re-examinations. After processing the obtained images, the osseous level was calculated using the digital image in the mesial and distal aspect in each implant. An ANOVA and t-test were used to test for difference between the baseline and 3-, 6-, 12 months re-examinations, and for difference between maxilla and mandible. Differences at P <0.05 were considered statistically significant. For histologic examination, sample was obtained from the palatal gingiva which implant functioned for 12 months. Sections were examined under a light microscope under various magnifications. Clinically, no abutment fracture or crack as well as periimplantitis was observed during the period of study. The mean bone level reduction(${\pm}standard$ deviation) was 0.34 rom(${\pm}\;0.26$) at 3-months, 0.4 2mm(${\pm}\;0.30$) at 6-months, 0.62 mm(${\pm}\;0.28$) at 12-months respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between baseline and 3-, 6-, 12-months re-examinations (p > 0.05). The mean bone level reduction in maxilla was 0.33(${\pm}0.25$) at 3-months, 0.36(${\pm}0.33$) at 6-months, 0.56(${\pm}0.26$) at 12-months. And the mean bone level reduction in mandible was 0.35(${\pm}0.27$) at 3-months, 0,49(${\pm}0.27$) at 6-months, 0.68(${\pm}0.30$) at 12-months. No statistical difference in bone level reduction between implants placed in the maxilla and mandible. Histologically, the height of the junctional epithelium was about 2.09 mm. And the width was about 0.51 mm. Scattered fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, and dense collagen network with few vascular structures characterized the portion of connective tissue. The inflammatory cell infiltration was observed just beneath the apical end of junctional epithelium and the area of direct in contact with zirconia/alumina abutment. These results suggest the zirconia/alumina composite abutment can be used in variable intraoral condition, in posterior segment as well as anterior segment without adverse effects.

신선편의 식품화된 신고배의 저장 중 이화학적 품질변화 (Quality Evaluation of Minimally Processed Asian Pears)

  • 김건희;조순덕;김동만
    • 한국식품과학회지
    • /
    • 제31권6호
    • /
    • pp.1523-1528
    • /
    • 1999
  • 신선편의 가공 기술을 이용하여 과실 및 채소류의 신선함과 이용자에게 편리함을 줄 수 있는 새로운 형태의 가공제품 개발에 대한 연구의 일환으로 신고배를 이용하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과 포장한 절단배의 저장 후 $O_2$$CO_2$$0^{\circ}C$에서 6일 후 $O_2$$8.35{\sim}10.56%,\;CO_2$$2.76{\sim}3.81%$로 유지되었고, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 2일 후 $O_2$$4.76{\sim}7.78%,\;CO_2$$3.92{\sim}4.55%$를 나타내었다. 또한 처리군별로는 무처리한 것의 $O_2$농도가 다른 처리구에 비해 가장 높게 나타났다. 색도는 저장기간이 증가할수록 전반적으로 L값은 감소하였고 b값은 증가하였으며, 처리구 중에서는 1% NaCl과 0.2% L-cysteine용액에 1분간 처리한 절단배의 색도가 가장 적게 변화하였다. 경도는 처리방법에 따라 그 변화의 폭이 다양하게 나타났으며 이중 1% $CaCl_2$ 용액처리한 것이 가장 높은 경도를 나타내었다. 가용성 고형물의 함량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 약간씩 증가하였는데, 다만 1% NaCl과 0.2% L-cysteine 용액 처리된 경우에만 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 약간씩 감소하여 저장말기에는 각각 $11.4^{\circ}Brix,\;11.6^{circ}Brix$를 보이고 있다. 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 pH는 약간씩 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있으며 저장온도나 처리에 관계없이 저장말기에는 pH $5.02{\sim}5.19$의 값을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 적정산도에 있어서도 pH와 마찬가지로 처리구별 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. Vitamin C의 함량은 초기 3.72 mg%에서 저장 후에는 무처리군이 1.35 mg%로 가장 많이 감소하였으며, 나머지는 처리군간 큰 차이가 없이 모두 $2.25{\sim}2.65\;mg%$의 범위를 유지하였다. 미생물 오염은 진공포장 후 저온저장한 것과 0.2% L-cysteine용액 침지 후 저온저장한 것이 미생물 생육억제에 효과 있음을 알 수 있다. 관능검사 결과 사각거림이나 다즙성, 풍미에 있어서는 큰 차이가 없었으나 외관에 있어서는 0.2% L-cysteine, 전체적 기호도에서는 1% NaCl이 각각 높은 선호도를 나타내었다.

  • PDF