• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2010

Objectives : Regulatory T cells can reduce inflammation and allergic reactions through their inhibitory functions. Gardeniae Fructus(GF) is a Heat-clearing herb used in traditional Korean medicine, and a wide range of studies on its antiinflammatory effects are being carried out. The authors investigated the effect that Gardeniae Fructus has on regulatory T cells. Methods : The authors screened 14 herbs for their effects on regulatory T cells. 100mg of each herb were separately dissolved in 1ml of sterile saline and the supernatant was harvested after 10 minutes of centrifuge at 15,000 rpm. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.2 ${\mu}m$ syringe filter, and the resulting stock was refrigerated at $4^{\circ}C$. The stock was diluted before testing and used at a final concentration of $0.01{\mu}g/ml$. CD4+CD25+ T cells from healthy BALB/c spleens were used as natural regulatory T cells (nTreg), and CD4+CD25- T cells were used as reactive T cells. CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25- T cells were activated with anti-CD3e ($10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)/anti-CD28 ($1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and cultured. IL-10 from supernatant of the culture medium was measured by IL-10 cytokine ELISA. The percentages, cell numbers, phenotype and function of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results : Gardeniae Fructus was shown to be the most potent herb among the 14 herbs tested for suppressing CD4+CD25- reactive T cell proliferation by stimulating CD4+CD25+ natural regulatory T cells. Gardeniae Fructus induces IL-10 secretion increase by stimulating CD4+CD25+ natural regulatory T cells, and indirectly suppresses CD4+CD25- reactive T cell proliferation through increasing CD25 (IL-2 receptor $\alpha$) expression and thus promoting bonding with IL-2. Gardeniae Fructus did not directly affect CD4+CD25- reactive T cell proliferation. Conclusions : Gardeniae Fructus suppressed reactive T cell proliferation through inducing increases in IL-10 secretion and CD25 (IL-2 receptor $\alpha$) expression.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.366-373
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• 2017

Urinalysis is considered to be easier and simpler than other tests. It has been known to cause no burden to patients, while offering important information on diagnosing, treating, and determining the prognoses of kidney and urinary tract diseases. Urinary sediments are usually performed by microscopic examination of centrifuged urine by technologist. The guidelines proposed by the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service are actually different from those actually practiced by medical institutions and taught to biomedical students in textbooks. Therefore, we verified whether different sediment preparation methods lead different test results. Specimens that tested positive from the occult blood and leukocyte esterase in the urine dipstick test were randomly selected for a microscopic examination. The differences in the urine sediment preparation affected the sediment concentrations, which influenced the cell grade and cell number per HPF. The first factor in determining the sediment concentration is the centrifugal force. Many medical institutions use 1,500 rpm as the centrifugal speed without considering the radius of the centrifuge; such a value may not be accurate for 400 G. Consequently, there were differences in urine concentrations, which influenced the results. The second factor is the amount of sediment in urine. Different amounts of the remaining supernatant led to different sediment concentration factors, again, causing different results. Furthermore, not only by using a pipette to obtain an accurate amount as stipulated, but also by roughly obtaining a drop, the microscopic examination using such a volume of sediment examined affected the results. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of standardization of urine sediment preparation procedures to promote consistency and accuracy across institutions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 1998

Homologous blood transfusion entails substantial risks, including allergic reactions, transmission diseases such as hepatitis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Autotransfusion system is a common method of reducing the need for homologous blood transfusion during cardiac operation. Between July 1993 and July 1995, a series of 40 patients undergoing open heart surgery was selected to an autotransfusion group(n=20) or a control group(n=20). The cell saver system(AT1000, Electromedics, Englewood, CO, USA) was employed for autotransfusion. With this system, shed blood in operative field during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and remained blood in cardiotomy reservior after CPB was aspirated by means of a locally heparinized collecting system. After centrifuge salvaged blood, the resulting red cell concentrate reinfused subsequently. The amounts of blood loss were 766.5$\pm$121.3 ml in cell saver group, 770.1$\pm$113.6 ml in control group, and there were no significant differences between two groups(P=NS). The amounts of blood transfused were 2.91$\pm$1.72 units in cell saver group, 4.82$\pm$1.72 units in control group. Composition of processed blood by cell saver was hemoglobin 17.4 gm%, hematocrit 56.4%, RBC 5,780,000/ul, WBC 9,900/ul, and platelet 33,000/ul. There was no complication related to cell saver. Conclusively, cell saver autotransfusion system is safe, effective method for reducing the homologous blood trasfusion in cardiac surgery.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2018

Twenty-two allergy-induced aromatics in children were analyzed using a gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MSD). Analytes were extracted using an automatic Soxhlet extractor and centrifuged for 10 min in a fast freezing centrifuge, and the supernatant was transferred into a 2 mL vial and injected in split mode. Under the established conditions, the calibration curve showed linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.996 or more. A wide range of sensitivity of 6.7 to 1,859,839 depending on the device characteristics and detector used was shown. The detection limit of the device was 0.0032 to $0.0335{\mu}g/mL$, and the maximum detection limit was less than $0.1{\mu}g/mL$. The detection limit of the method ranged from 0.0033 to $0.1161{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the limit of quantification ranged from 0.0100 to $0.5422{\mu}g/mL$, with a level of precision ranging from 0.21 % to 4.89 % and a degree of accuracy ranging from 89 % to 111 %. The analytical method developed in this study was applied to commercial products.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1968

For the effective control of Syphilis, many investigators have developed a more rapid, simple and economical screening serological test which is adequately sensitive and specific. To fulfill the requirements of a more rapid serologic test for syphlis, a substitute for the conventional serum specimen was needed since considerable time and labor are involved in the processing of blood to serum. Burdon suggested the use of plasma in the serologic tests for syphilis as a substitute for serum. He noticed that plasma was more sensitive than serum in the Kline and Kahn tests, and attributed this to the presence of more antibody-like substance, "reagin" in plasma than in serum. However, to make plasma sufficiently sensitive, it was necessary to inactivate plasma by heating at a temperature of $56^{\circ}C$ for about 30 minutes. Heating of plasma resulted in the precipitation of fibrinogen which made centrifugation necessary to obtain dear plasma. Since the chief disadvantage to the use of unheated plasma(or serum) was a reduction in sensitivity of results-which probably was due to a labile factor such as complement-Portnoy et al began to consider rapid chemical methods of inactivation of plasma(or serum). They experienced that choline chloirde was shown to be anticomplementary which suggested its use as an inactivating agent for unheated plasma(or serum). In 1959 Portnoy et al reported the Rapid Plasma Reagin(RPR) Test for syphilis which is a more rapid, economical and simple. But still this test has many disadvantages as a rapid performing, field and office procedure, because it requires the usual laboratory equipments such as centrifuge, rotating machine, microscope etc. To substitute these disadvantages of the RPR test, in 1962, Portnoy et al developed the Rapid Plasma Reagin(RPR) card test for syphilis, which has the following advantages: a) Simplicity and rapidity of performance, b) Requires no laboratory equipments, c) Stable antigen suspension, d) Adequate sensitivity and specificity. This RPR card test can be used as a rapidly performing and screening test in field investigation, outpatient clinics, small laboratories and hospitals doing limited syphilis serology, and predonor in blood bank. Private clinic which has limited laboratory equipment and technic for syphilis serology can also use this RPR card test as a tool in the rapid diagnosis of syphilis. It was thought that this RPR card test is a useful tool in Korea for private physician and mass survey for syphilis diagnosis. But Portnoy patented the reagents needed for the performing the RPR card test. Therefore authors developed newly the reagents and according to Portnoy's method evaluated the newly developed. RPR card test compared with the VDRL, Kolmer CF, and RPCF tests. The RPR card and VDRL tests were performed plasma and serum from the total 1,132 cases. Among these 1,131 cases, 521 were syphilis suspected laboratory specimens, and 611 were syphilis unsuspected healthy young men. After screening with these two tests, the RPR card and VDRL tests, reactive specimens to the above one or both tests were retested by the Kolmer CF and RPCF tests.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 1998

An experiment to make mixed juices carrying the freshness and other specific characteristics of vegetables and fruits which are useful for the prevention and treatment of various diseases was attempted on the emphases of pretreatment methods, combination of fruits and vegetables, and elimination of microorganisms. Blanch in boiling water prior to extraction for green vegetables, addition of ascorbic acid during extraction for tomatoes and apples, or addition of ascorbic acid after blanch in 3% acetic acid for carrots was effective to keep colors and suspended solids in liquid extract. On the basis of sensory evaluation the extracts from tomatoes, apples. carrots. mallows, watercreses+pine needles, Angelica keiskei Koiz, jujubes and lemons were selected and mixed at the ratio of 3 : 3 : 3 : 1/2 : 1/2 : 1/2 : 1/2 : 1/5. The mixed extracts were pasteurized for 15sec at $96^{\circ}C$ or filtered through a ultramembrane filter. While the centrifuge precipitation and retentates on the membrane filter were autoclaved and combined with ultrafiltrates. The mixed juices showed $pH\;4.07{\sim}4.10$ titratable acidity $66.35{\sim}84.08$, soluble solid $7{\sim}9^0Brix$, reducing sugar $5.42{\sim}6.97%$, glucose $1.96{\sim}2.30%$, fructose $3.46{\sim}4.14%$ and high content of K, Mg and Ca. Ultrafiltration showed better quality scores in color, juice. Peroxidase and microorganisms were inactivated by thermal treatment and ultrafiltration.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

The design of Piled Raft foundations considering the load sharing between raft and piles provides a more economical solution than the conventional design approach based on bearing capacity of piles only. Generally, numerical methods are used to analyze the behavior of Piled Rafts due to its complexity and load sharing ratio is also estimated by numerical methods about some limited cases under specific load level and soil conditions. In this study, a method to estimate the load sharing between the raft and piles was developed which is based on load-settlement characteristics of foundation elements. Normalized load-settlement curves of the raft and pile groups were derived individually, and the relationship between load sharing ratio and foundation settlement was proposed by using these curves. For each load-settlement curves, hyperbolic type was adopted in order to describe the non-linear behavior of foundations. Centrifuge test results were compared with the results from proposed method, and the trends of variation of load sharing ratio with settlement presented from both were similar.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.857-867
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• 2017

This study was performed to encapsulate low molecular weight marine collagen and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria to inhibit degradation and improve survival rate during exposure to adverse conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract. Calcium-alginate method was used for the manufacture of a double-layered coated capsule. The inner core material was composed of collagen and lactic acid bacteria, and the coating materials were alginate and chitosan. The sizes and shapes of the double-coated capsule were affected mainly by centrifuge speed and pH. Manufactured capsules were observed with a scanning electron microscope and by confocal laser scanning microscopy to confirm the micromorphological changes of capsules and bacterial cells. As a result, double-layered coated capsules were not degraded at pH 1.2, whereas degradation occurred at pH 7.4. In addition, GABA and collagen were maintained in stable state at pH 1.2. Therefore, double-layered coated capsules developed in this study would not be degraded in the stomach and could be stably delivered to the small intestine to benefit intestinal and dermatic health.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.46-55
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• 2006

(주)지노믹트리는 DNA 마이크로어레이 기술을 기반으로 하는 분자진단회사로서, 다음의 세가지 사업에 전력하고 있다. 첫째는 독창적이며 특화된 바이오마커 발굴기술 (MAGIC system)을 바탕으로 각종 암진단을 위한 바이오마커 개발연구 두 번째는 당사의 원천 기술인 다중동시검출 시스템을 이용한 질병 진단 시스템 및 증폭시스템 세 번째는 마이크로어레이 기술을 이용한 유전자 발현 분석, Array CGH, DNA 메틸레이션 분석 그리고 miRNA 검출 등의 지노믹스시대의 연구를 위한 토탈솔루션을 제공하고 있다. 지난 5년간의 마이크로어레이 기반기술을 이용한 자체연구 활동을 수행하면서 축적된 마이크로어레이 관련기술 노-하우들을 국내 마이크로어레이 연구자들에게 공급하기 위하여 노력하고 있다. 특히 당사의 지노믹서비스 부문은 유전자 발현 분석 솔루션 제공을 위해서 자체적으로 제작하여 공급하고 있는 human cDNA(17K/25K) 및 rat cDNA (5.0K) 마이크로어레이, Human (22K) 및 mouse (10K) 올리고뉴클레오타이드 마이크로 어레이 그리고 미생물 연구를 위한 대장균 (6K) 및 폐렴균 (2.2K) 올리고뉴클레오타이드 마이크로어레이 제공 및 이를 이용한 유전자 발현 분석 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 체적으로 제작되는 마이크로어레이 서비스는 2001년 도입한 ISO9001 품질인증시스템의 기반하에서 제작부터 생산까지의 엄격한 품질관리 과정을 거쳐서 고품질의 마이크로어레이를 이용한 분석서비스를 제공 하고 있다. 또한 고객요구형 서비스를 위하여 국외 유수의 마이크로어레이 회사 (Agilent, Microarray Inc, TIGR, Eurogentec 등)의 whole genome 기반의 마이크로어레이 제품을 이용한 분석서비스를 제공하고 있으며 마이크로어레이 실험을 위해서 필수적으로 이용되고 있는 시약 (labeling kit), 마이크로어레이 hybridization을 위한 hardware (hybridization chamber, hnay centrifuge)등을 자체적으로 개발하여 공급하고 있다. DNA copy number 측정을 위한 Array CGH 분석을 위해서는 자체적으로 제작공구하고 있는 human cDNA 마이크로어레이 (17K/25K) 그기고 rat (5.0K) 마이크로어레이를 이용한 분석서비스 및 whole genome 기반의 Agilent 올리고뉴클레오타이드 CGH 어레이 (44K, 35Kb resolution)를 이용한 분석서비스를 제공하고 있다. Epigenetic study를 하는 연구자들을 위한 메틸레이션 마이크로어레이 분석 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 기존분석법인 Bisulfite 처리기반의 분석이 아닌 enzyme digestion후 PCR 증폭방법을 이용한 분석방법을 이용함으로써, bisulfite 처리에 의한 DNA 손실문제를 최소화 하였다. 현재 50개의 문헌을 통해 잘 보고된 메틸레이션 유전자들에 대한 분석서비스를 제공하고 있으며, 지속적으로 표적컨텐츠의 숫자를 증가시킬 예정이다. 최근 많은 연구자들의 관심을 끌고 있는 micro RNA 검출을 위한 DNA 마이크로어레이 서비스를 제공할 예정이다 (2006년 3월 출시). 현재 까지 알려진 약 320개의 모든 miRNA를 탑재하고 있는 소형 DNA 마이크로어레이를 이용한 분석서비스로서 1장의 마이크로어레이 실험을 통하여 알려진 모든 miRNA의 비교분석이 가능하다. 마이크로어레이 실험 뿐만 아니라 data 분석을 위한 software도 상당히 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있다 이를 위하여 (주)지노믹트리는 Agilent에서 개발한 GeneSpring GX (유전자 발현 분석), Signet (마이크로어레이 database) 및 GeneSpring GT (SNP 분석)를 공급하고 있다. 통계적인 기반 지식의 없은 일반 user들을 위한 간편하면서도 종합적인 기능을 포함하고 있는 우수한 프로그램으로 이미 국제적으로 많은 인정을 받고 있다. (주)지노믹트리는 국내외 많은 연구자들의 경제적, 시간적 연구여건을 고려한 마이크로어레이 토탈솔루션을 제공하고 있으며, 실험 분석에서 data 마이닝 그리고 마이크로어레이 실험 디자인에 이르는 토탈솔루션을 제공하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Generally, a modified version of limit equilibrium method can be used to evaluate a slope stability of the geosynthetic reinforced soil slopes. In most cases, resisting effects of geosynthetic reinforcement are dealt with considering an increased shear strength on the potential slip surface. However, it is not clear that the methods satisfy all three equilibrium equations. As we know, the pattern of normal stress distribution along the slip surface is the key factor in calculating the safety factor of slopes. In this study, the new slope stability analysis method in which not only reinforcing effects of geosynthetics can be considered but also all three equilibrium equations can be satisfied was proposed with assuming the normal stress distribution along the slip surface as quadratic curve with horizontal $\chi-coordinate$. A number of illustrative examples, including published slope stability analysis examples for the reinforced and unreinforced soil slopes, loading test of large scale reinforced earth wall and centrifuge model tests on the geotextile reinforced soil slopes, were analyzed. As a result, it is shown that the newly suggested method yields a relatively accurate factor of safety for the reinforced and unreinforced soil slopes.