• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.117-135
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• 2005

This paper is a study of the possibility of experience and expression in the architecture of Louis I. Kahn by focusing on the characters of entrance, court and window/wall of his public buildings. In the course of composition, Kahn defined the entrance, court and window/wall as an connecting elements and elements of boundary. The characters revealed by these elements or rooms give the clue to insight Kahn's thought of relation of interior and exterior space or inner and outer space. Following are the characters of these elements. First, a entrance reveals the fact that inner space separates from outer space by connecting these two space and giving the value to inner space as the entity and totality like outer space. The entrance gives its ontological being to human subjects not by vision but experience and expression which is the essence of commonness, that is, Silence. Kahn made the possibility of activity amplify in this common and silent space. Second, this entrance is connected with wide and huge central space not individual spaces of interior space. This extreme procedure of entering makes human subject feel sublime of intoner space. And the central spaces becomes another exterior or another world in the inner world of architecture by the lights from above and by having the boundary wall which shows same pattern of exterior wall. Third, Kahn regarded a window as the giver of lights not as the medium of vision connecting inner space with outer. He tried to connect interior with exterior through the being and character of the light expressed in the interior. And in his buildings, interior space is connected with exterior by expressing the purpose of building, composition of inner space, structural truth and construction facts through the Form, a pattern of wall, details and ornamental joints. By practicing this thoughts in the real buildings, Kahn tried to gave aura to both the interior space and entity of architecture which is regarded as micro universe like flowers, rocks and human beings.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.123-125
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• 2013

2FGL J1823.8+4312 and 2FGL J1304.1-2415 are two unidentified Fermi objects which are associated with cluster of galaxies. In order to exam the possibility of cluster of galaxies as gamma-ray emitters, we search for counterpart of these two unidentified Fermi objects in other wavebands. However, we find other candidate to be more likely the counterpart of the unidentified Fermi object for both sources. We compare their light curves and SEDs in order to identify their source types. However, data at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavebands, which is important for us to constrain the SED at synchrotron peak, is lacking of measurement. Therefore, we proposed to SMA observation for these two sources. We have got data and are doing further analysis.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.210-220
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• 2012

The model-free control of aeroelastic vibrations of a non-linear 2-D wing-flap system operating in supersonic flight speed regimes is discussed in this paper. A novel continuous robust controller design yields asymptotically stable vibration suppression in both the pitching and plunging degrees of freedom using the flap deflection as a control input. The controller also ensures that all system states remain bounded at all times during closed-loop operation. A Lyapunov method is used to obtain the global asymptotic stability result. The unsteady aerodynamic load is considered by resourcing to the non-linear Piston Theory Aerodynamics (PTA) modified to account for the effect of the flap deflection. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the robust control strategy in suppressing dynamic aeroelastic instabilities, such as non-linear flutter and limit cycle oscillations.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2009

We estimate the enclosed mass profile in the central 10 pc of the Milky Way by analyzing the infrared photometry and the velocity observations of dynamically relaxed stellar population in the Galactic center. HST/NICMOS and Gemini Adaptive Optics images in the archive are used to obtain the number density profile, and proper motion and radial velocity data were compiled from the literature to find the velocity dispersion profile assuming a spherical symmetry and velocity isotropy. From these data, we calculate the the enclosed mass and density profiles in the central 10 pc of the Galaxy using the Jeans equation. Our improved estimates can better describe the exact evolution of the molecular clouds and star clusters falling down to the Galactic center, and constrain the star formation history of the inner part of the Galaxy.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2010

As public space such as plaza and square in the compact city type multi-use complex is a social public space that various communication and cultural exchange take places in city environment. The purpose of this study is to analyse and categorize the design elements as a valuation basis for the public space in the compact city type multi-use complex. The scope of contents of this study is focused on the Central City, COEX and Western Dome facilities in Korea. This study review based on the previous studies and statistical analysis about questionnaires obtained from 131 users of three facilities were conducted for this study. The results of the survey as follows accessibility, comfort, exchange were extracted as the aspects for evaluation for functional activity and connection, openness, hierarchy were extracted as the aspects for evaluation for space formation. The K facility's priority aspect is the accessibility and the S and the W facilities' are the openness.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the spacing and crowding of the anterior teeth in the primary dentition in Hwaseong city. Photographs of the anterior segment of 237 children satisfied the criteria. The presence of primate spaces and developmental spaces was assessed by the proximal contacts. Physiologic spacing was observed in 47.3% and 38.0% of the cases in the upper and lower arches, respectively. 43.5% showed the presence of two-segment contact or crowded dentition. Physiologic spacing was observed more in boys than in girls. In the maxilla, primate space was more frequent than developmental space; however, in the mandible, the difference was low. In the maxilla, the space between the central incisor and the lateral incisor was more frequent than the space between both central incisors. In contrast, in the mandible, the space between both central incisors was more common than the space between the central and lateral incisors or between the lateral incisors and canine. The present study describes the tendency for anterior spacing and crowding in the primary dentition. Further longitudinal studies with a larger sample are needed. Dentists should consider these concepts of spacing or contact/crowding when performing full coronal restorations of primary anterior teeth.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.22-37
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• 1995

Industrial robot has played a central role in the production automation such as welding, assembling, and painting. There has been, however, little effort to the application of robots in machining work(grinding, cutting, milling, etc.) which is typical 3D work. The machining automation requires a high stiffness robot arm to reduce deformation and vibration. Conventional articulated robots have serially connecting links from the base to the gripper. So, they have very weak structure for he machining work. Stewart Platform is a typical parallel robotic mechanism with a very high stiffness but it has a small work space and a large installation space. This research proposes a new machining robot arm with a double parallel mechanism. It is composed of two platforms and a central axis. The central axis will connect the motions between the first and the second platforms. Therefore, the robot has a large range of work space as well as a high stiffness. This paper will introduce the machining work using the robot and design the proposed robot arm.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.91-104
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• 1999

We use BV CCD images to investigate the reality of the color gradient within a King type globular cluster NGC 7089. Surface photometry shows that there is a strong radial color gradient in the central region of the cluster in the sense of bluer center with the amplitude of ~0.39 $\pm$ 0.07 mag/$arcsec^2$ in (B - V). In the outer region of the cluster, however, the radial color gradient shows a reverse case, i.e., redder toward the center. (B - V) color profile which was derived from resolved stars in VGC 7089 field also shows a significant color gradient in the central region of the clusters, indicating that lights from the combination of red giant stars and blue horizontal branch stars cause the radial color gradient. Color gradient of the outer region of NGC 7089 may be due to the unresolved background of the cluster. Similar color gradients in the central area of clusters have been previously observed exserved exclusively in highly concentrated systems classified as post core collapse clusters. We caution, however, to confirm the reality of the color gradient from resolved stars, we need more accurate imaging data of the cluster with exceptional seeing condition because the effect of completeness correlates with local density of stars.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.57.4-58
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• 2018

We explore the role of various environments in triggering star formation (SF) and narrow-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) in SDSS spiral galaxies and the SF-AGN connection, using a volume-limited sample with $M_r$ < -19.5 and 0.02 < z < 0.055 selected from the SDSS Release 7. To avoid the dependency of AGN activity on bulge mass, the central velocity dispersion of the sample galaxies is limited to have a narrow range of $130{\leq}{\sigma}{\leq}200km\;s^{-1}$. We note that in gas sufficient galaxies, AGN feeding lags behind starburst, whereas as the gas exhausts, the SF slows down and AGN seems to even prevent the SF, and thus divide the high-${\sigma}$ sample into two subsamples according to their cold gas content at central region traced by fiber star formation rate, $SFR_{fib}$. We find that a high density (cluster) environment causes a significant increase in AGN activity as well as gas depletion in host galaxies. However, the finding is only noticeable in the high-${\sigma}$ and low $SFR_{fib}$ sample. It seems that a galaxy interaction with the nearest neighbor directly affects the SF of the central region. However, it is unclear whether it directly affects AGN activity.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.410-413
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• 2007

Water vapor in the atmosphere is an influential factor of the hydrosphere cycle, which exchanges heat through phase change and is essential to precipitation. Because of its significance in altering weather, the estimation of water vapor amount and distribution is crucial to determine the precision of the weather forecasting and the understanding of regional/local climate. It is shown that it is reliable to measure precipitable water (PW) using long baseline (500-2000km) GPS observations. However, it becomes infeasible to derive absolute PW from GPS observations in Taiwan due to geometric limitation of relatively short-baseline network. In this study, a method of deriving Near-Real-Time PW from short baseline GPS observations is proposed. This method uses a reference station to derive a regression model for wet delay, and to interpolate the difference of wet delay among stations. Then, the precipitable water is obtained by using a conversion factor derived from radiosondes. The method has been tested by using the reference station located on Mt. Ho-Hwan with eleven stations around Taiwan. The result indicates that short baseline GPS observations can be used to precisely estimate the precipitable water in near-real-time.