• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2018

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the positional relationship between planes of the glenoid component (the scapular plane and the perpendicular plane to the glenoid) and its surrounding structures. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of both shoulders of 100 patients were evaluated using the 3-dimensional CT reconstruction program ($Aquarius^{(R)}$; TeraRecon). We determined the most lateral scapular bony structure of the scapular plane and measured the shortest distance between the anterolateral corner of the acromion and the scapular plane. The distance between the scapular plane and the midpoint of the line connecting the posterolateral corner of acromion and the anterior tip of the coracoid process (fulcrum axis) was also evaluated. The perpendicular plane was then adjusted to the glenoid and the same values were re-assessed. Results: The acromion was the most lateral scapular structure of scapular plane and perpendicular plane to the glenoid. The average distance from the anterolateral corner of the acromion to the scapular plane was $10.44{\pm}5.11mm$, and to the plane perpendicular to the glenoid was $9.55{\pm}5.13mm$. The midpoint of fulcrum axis was positioned towards the acromion and was measured at $3.90{\pm}3.21mm$ from the scapular plane and at $3.84{\pm}3.17mm$ from the perpendicular plane to the glenoid. Conclusions: Our data indicates that the relationship between the perpendicular plane to the glenoid plane and its surrounding structures is reliable and can be used as guidelines during glenoid component insertion (level of evidence: Level IV, case series, treatment study).

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.390-393
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• 2008

We analyzed the landuse change, quantify the area covered by majors food crops (Paddy, Wheat, Barely, Maize, Millet and Potato) and their productivity trends in Terai, Nepal from 1987 to 2006. We used series of area covered by each single crop and production data published by Government of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Our results indicated that the agriculture land has increased by about 47% while forest has decreased by 32% between 1964 and 2001 in Terai. Whilst the total cropped area has increased by 19% between 1987 and 2006. The highest incremental change has observed in Potato by 234% followed by Wheat 31%, Maize 20% and Paddy 12% and so on. However, data revealed with very low crops productivity and it showed less than half of its potential except in Potato. The average yield of food crops /hectare /year during last 20 year has found only 3.094 metric tons. Only Potato has gained high average yield by 10.34 metric tons. While others crops yielded entirely low. 3 periods moving average depicted that the productivity trend of Barely and Millet has stagnant while others crops showed slightly up and down and increasing steadily over time. Further study is needed to comprehend the linkage of food productivity in the present food supply to demand and food security system in Terai, Nepal.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.45.1-45.1
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• 2017

Optical variability is one way to probe the nature of the central engine of AGN at smaller linear scales, and previous studies have shown that optical variability of AGN is more prevalent at longer timescales and at shorter wavelengths. To understand the properties and physical mechanism of variability, we are performing the KMTNet Active Nuclei Variability Survey (KANVaS). Especially, we investigated intra-night variability of AGN with KMTNet data which observed COSMOS field during 3 separate nights from 2015 to 2016 in B, V, R, and I bands. Each night was composed of 5, 9, and 11 epochs with 20-30 min cadence. To find AGN in the COSMOS field, we applied multi-wavelength selection methods. Using X-ray, mid-infrared, and radio selection methods, 50-60, 130-220, 20-40 number of AGN are detected, respectively. Achieving photometric uncertainty ~0.01mag by differential photometry, we employed a standard time-series analysis tool to identify variable AGN, chi-square test. Preliminary results indicate that there is no evidence of intra-night optical variability of AGN. It is possible that previous studies discovered intra-night variability used inappropriate photometric error. However, main reason seems that our targets have fainter magnitude (higher photometric error) than that of previous studies. To discover variability of AGN, we will investigate longer timescale variability of AGN.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.23-34
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• 2004

In this study, 1 dependent variable and 9 independent variables were established to examine suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks in consideration of night users' psychological reactions and activity types. Such fixed variables were evaluated by a series of experiments of changing illuminance, and correlation among those variables was verified by correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to suggest suitable illuminance by spaces. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The independent variables influencing suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks were directly influenced rather by the psychological reaction of night users than the activity types by spatial functions. 2) Securing suitable illuminance by spaces commonly increased spatial availability, created certain atmosphere, and provided safety in the psychological reaction of night users. 3) Suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks is: Central square is 31.88lx, resting space 6.30lx, exercising space 33.14lx, children's playground 14.19lx, pedestrian road 12.29lx, entry space 16.30lx, and green space 7.03lx. That is, when a place had more positive activities, spatial illuminance was increased. 4) Though comparison by spaces with the illuminance standard for urban parks as mentioned in KS A 3011-1993 can not be made, such illuminance was relatively compatible with the permissible range of illuminance in the author's opinion. It is expected that this study investigating suitable illuminance by spaces for night use in urban parks, will provide necessary knowledge for securing suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks through classifyingin detail the illuminance standard of KS A 3011-1993. Besides, by helping make us aware of the importance of illuminance in urban parks as well as of external space in the night, this study will contribute to academic research and development in the field of landscape architecture and associated fields and be utilized in establishing legal and institutional standards.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.181-198
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• 2020

In the traditional buffeting response analysis method, the spanwise incomplete correlation of buffeting forces is always assumed to be same as that of the incident wind turbulence and the action of the signature turbulence is ignored. In this paper, three typical bridge decks usually adopted in the real bridge engineering, a single flat box deck, a central slotted box deck and a two-separated paralleled box deck, were employed as the investigated objects. The wind induced pressure on these bridge decks were measured via a series of wind tunnel pressure tests of the sectional models. The influences of the wind speed in the tests, the angle of attack, the turbulence intensity and the characteristic distance were taken into account and discussed. The spanwise root coherence of buffeting forces was also compared with that of the incidence turbulence. The signature turbulence effect on the spanwise root coherence function was decomposed and explained by a new empirical method with a double-variable model. Finally, the formula of a sum of rational fractions that accounted for the signature turbulence effect was proposed in order to fit the results of the spanwise root coherence function. The results show that, the spanwise root coherence of the drag force agrees with that of incidence turbulence in some range of the reduced frequency but disagree in the mostly reduced frequency. The spanwise root coherence of the lift force and the torsional moment is much larger than that of the incidence turbulence. The influences of the wind speed and the angle of attack are slight, and they can be ignored in the wind tunnel test. The spanwise coherence function often involves several narrow peaks due to the signature turbulence effect in the high reduced frequency zone. The spanwise coherence function is related to the spanwise separation distance and the spanwise integral length scales, and the signature turbulence effect is related to the deck-width-related reduced frequency.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8887-8891
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• 2014

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is predominantly a disease of middle-aged men with long-term exposure to tobacco and alcohol. An increasing trend has been reported at a younger age worldwide. Clinical records of 100 patients under the age of 45 years treated specifically for oral cavity SCC in our hospital during a 10-year period were retrospectively analyzed to calculate the survival rates. An obvious male predominance coincided with smoking trend among Chinese young individuals and female patients were more likely to have no traditional risk factors such as smoking or drinking. The 5-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were 61.0% and 75.5%, respectively, consistent with other published series over the decade showing a relatively better survival among the young. No significant differences clearly correlated with outcome when comparing non-smokers non-drinkers to ever-smokers and ever drinkers (P>0.05). Overall survival rate and disease free survival rate was found to be significantly higher in patients with early-stage disease than with advanced stage disease (P=0.001, P=0.009 respectively). The strong influence of clinical stage on prognosis emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of oral malignancies for this unique clinical subgroup.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.219-223
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• 2000

Behcet's disease is a chronic, multisystemic disorder which is more frequently seen in the Mediterranean basin, Middle East, and Far East. The mean age at the first onset is third decades. In large series of patients, men predominate over women. Infectious agents, immune mechanisms, and genetic factors are implicated in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Eyes, skin, joints, the oral cavity, blood vessels, and central nervous system are usually involved, although less frequently the heart, lung, kidney may be affected. The prognosis of the disease has been improved because of early diagnosis and suitable treatment. Local remedies and systemic administration of colchicine, corticosteoids, immunosuppressives, and other agents have been applied. Pathergy, or skin hypersensitivity to needle puncture has been reported as a diagnostic test for Behcet's disease. We have managed a Behcet's disease patient with pathergy test & corticosteroids therapy. We have obtained good result and report this case with review of literatures.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.353-360
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• 2017

The Internet of Things(IoT) security has more need than a technical problem as it needs series of regulations and faultless security system for common purposes. So, this study proposes an efficient key management in order that can be trusted IoT data in cloud computing. In contrast with a key distribution center of existing sensor networks, the proposed a federation key management of cloud proxy key server is not central point of administration and enables an active key recovery and update. The proposed key management is not a method of predetermined secret keys but sharing key information of a cloud proxy key server in autonomous cloud, which can reduce key generation and space complexity. In addition, In contrast with previous IoT key researches, a federation key of cloud proxy key server provides an extraction ability from meaningful information while moving data.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.2010-2018
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• 2017

Mixotrophic microalgal growth gives a great premise for wastewater treatment based on photoautotrophic nutrient utilization and heterotrophic organic removal while producing renewable biomass. There remains a need for a control strategy to enrich them in a photobioreactor. This study performed a series of batch experiments using a mixotroph, Chlorella sorokiniana, to characterize optimal guidelines of mixotrophic growth based on a statistical design of the experiment. Using a central composite design, this study evaluated how temperature and light irradiance are associated with $CO_2$ capture and organic carbon respiration through biomass production and ammonia removal kinetics. By conducting regressions on the experimental data, response surfaces were created to suggest proper ranges of temperature and light irradiance that mixotrophs can beneficially use as two types of energy sources. The results identified that efficient mixotrophic metabolism of Chlorella sorokiniana for organics and inorganics occurs at the temperature of $30-40^{\circ}C$ and diurnal light condition of $150-200{\mu}mol\;E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The optimal specific growth rate and ammonia removal rate were recorded as 0.51/d and 0.56/h on average, respectively, and the confirmation test verified that the organic removal rate was $105mg\;COD{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. These results support the development of a viable option for sustainable treatment and effluent quality management of problematic livestock wastewater.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2014

The downregulation of A-type $K^+$ channels ($I_A$ channels) accompanying enhanced somatic excitability can mediate epileptogenic conditions in mammalian central nervous system. As $I_A$ channels are dominantly targeted by dendritic and postsynaptic processings during synaptic plasticity, it is presumable that they may act as cellular linkers between synaptic responses and somatic processings under various excitable conditions. In the present study, we electrophysiologically tested if the downregulation of somatic $I_A$ channels was sensitive to synaptic activities in young hippocampal neurons. In primarily cultured hippocampal neurons (DIV 6~9), the peak of $I_A$ recorded by a whole-cell patch was significantly reduced by high KCl or exogenous glutamate treatment to enhance synaptic activities. However, the pretreatment of MK801 to block synaptic NMDA receptors abolished the glutamate-induced reduction of the $I_A$ peak, indicating the necessity of synaptic activation for the reduction of somatic $I_A$. This was again confirmed by glycine treatment, showing a significant reduction of the somatic $I_A$ peak. Additionally, the gating property of $I_A$ channels was also sensitive to the activation of synaptic NMDA receptors, showing the hyperpolarizing shift in inactivation kinetics. These results suggest that synaptic LTP possibly potentiates somatic excitability via downregulating $I_A$ channels in expression and gating kinetics. The consequential changes of somatic excitability following the activity-dependent modulation of synaptic responses may be a series of processings for neuronal functions to determine outputs in memory mechanisms or pathogenic conditions.