• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.653-663
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• 2021

There has been a massive increase in household debt in China, especially in the last five of years. Learning from past experiences, the country needs careful forecasting that may help to form new policies or make amendments to the existing ones. This research paper aims to highlight the impact of the monetary policy on household debt in China. The study covers the time period from 1996 to 2020 The study employs a cointegration test, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound Test (ARDL) approach, a Augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF) and PP test (PMG) and time series data. The findings suggest on a quantitative analysis using a time-series model in which gdp per capita and interest rate has a positive impact on household debt whereas, cpi doesn't have significant impact. In a short-term variables relationship, household debt responds more to an increase in income than in the long-term. Also, the impact of interest rate changes on household debt is lower than income in the short run.The research suggests that there should be some restrictions on household debt and consumer financing provided to citizens and for this, appropriate leverage measures should be taken in order for the central bank to sustain robust macroeconomic conditions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.39-47
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• 2022

This study explored the effectiveness of the measures taken by the Jordanian Central Bank embedded in its monetary policy in encouraging banks to support investment. It aimed to explore the impact of this monetary policy on supporting credit-related decisions and the monetary policies that aim to support investment in Jordan. The targeted tools of the monetary policy are: (Overnight Deposit Window Rate, money supply, and exports). The researchers carried out an analysis to measure the effectiveness of the monetary policy in fostering investment in Jordan during the period 1992-2020. They carried out the time series analysis. They explored the stationarity of the time series. They used the ARDL model. It was found that the Overnight Deposit Window Rate has a negative significant effect on the gross fixed capital formation. It was found that the money supply has a positive insignificant effect on gross fixed capital formation. The researcher recommends using Overnight Deposit Window Rate in a manner that is consistent with the intended investment-related goals.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.181-187
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• 2023

The study aimed to study the effect of the inflation rate, the real domestic product, the interbank lending interest rate, and the total deposits on credit facilities in Jordan for 2012-2021 through quarterly data. The study adopted the ARDL model. The study used the time series analysis method, as the study tests the stationarity of the time series. The results showed that the impact of inflation on the total credit facilities was negative. In contrast, the impact of each of the total deposits, real GDP, and the interest rate of interbank loans on the total credit facilities was positive and significant. The study recommended the need for the banking sector in Jordan to develop risk management mechanisms in a way that allows it to adapt to economic cycles and crises by conducting stress tests and developing scenarios that ensure the formation of sufficient provisions to meet emergencies. The study also recommended that the macroeconomic policy should be based on creating a stable macroeconomic environment that allows the efficient employment of resources in all economic sectors in a way that achieves high economic growth rates, which contributes to the promotion of economic recovery and is reflected in income. Hence, individuals have a greater ability to repay loans.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

Root distribution was monitored in the root zone of corn fields on several soil series in central Illinois during three growing seasons in order to find the effect of soil series and tillage system on root growth. A minirhizotron technique was used to videotape each soil profile in weekly intervals to a depth of 75 cm under conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) systems of cultivation. Root distribution near soil surface generally increased during the early stages of the growing season, but declined as surface soil moisture was depleted in late summer. Even though root distribution was not significantly different between soil series in this experiment. differences in root distribution between soil series were associated with the increases in root-available water storage capacity. Root population in the top 30 cm of NT plots. where increased water infiltration rates and saturated flow of soil moisture into the subsoil, was generally higher than that of CT plots in Illinois corn fields. Foots appeared in the deeper layers later in the growing season, with root penetration into subsoil layers occurring as much as 2-3 weeks earlier on the NT plots than in CT plots. In conclusion, root distribution was significantly affected by the tillage systems, but not different by soil series.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2014

Background: Implanted venous access devices or permanent central venous access systems (PCVASs) are routinely used in oncologic patients. Complications can occur during the implantation or use of such devices. We describe such complications of the PCVAS and their management. Methods: Our retrospective study included 1,460 cases in which PCVAS was implanted in the 11 years between January 2002 and January 2013, including 810 women and 650 men with an average age of 45.2 years. We used polyurethane or silicone catheters. The site of insertion and the surgical or percutaneous procedure were selected on the basis of clinical data and disease information. The subclavian and cephalic veins were our most common sites of insertion. Results: About 1,100 cases (75%) underwent surgery by training surgeons and 360 patients by expert surgeons. Perioperative incidents occurred in 33% and 12% of these patients, respectively. Incidents (28%) included technical difficulties (n=64), a subcutaneous hematoma (n=37), pneumothoraces (n=15), and an intrapleural catheter (n=1). Complications in the short and medium term were present in 14.2% of the cases. Distortion and rupture of the catheter (n=5) were noted in the costoclavicular area (pinch-off syndrome). There were 5 cases of catheter migration into the jugular vein (n=1), superior vena cava (n=1), and heart cavities (n=3). No patient died of PCVAS insertion or complication. Conclusion: PCVAS complications should be diagnosed early and treated with probable removal of this material for preventing any life-threatening outcome associated with complicated PVCAS.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.621-640
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• 2017

The double-row long-short composite anti-sliding piles system is an effective way to control the landslides with high thrust. In this study, The double-row long-short composite anti-sliding piles with different load segment length (cantilever length) and different pile row spacing were studied by a series of physical tests, by which the influences of load segment length of rear-row piles as well as pile row spacing on the mechanical response of double-row long-short composite anti-sliding pile system were investigated. Based on the earth pressures in front of and behind the piles obtained during tests, then the maximum bending moments of the fore-row and the rear-row piles were calculated. By ensuring a equal maximum moments in the fore-row and the rear-row piles, the optimum lengths of the rear-row piles of double-row long-short composite system under different piles spacing were proposed. To investigate the validity of the reduced scale tests, the full-scale numerical models of the landside were finally conducted. By the comparisons between the numerical and the physical test results, it could be seen that the reduced scale tests conducted in this study are reliable. The results showed that the double-row long-short composite anti-sliding piles system is effective in the distribution of the landslide thrust to the rear-row and the fore-row piles.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2002

Controlling food materials, is getting more significant in hotel management nowadays as the selling of food beverage continue to rise. F&B managers have been required to have new management of the food materials by a fierce competition, an increase in cost, the shortened span of product life and customer's demand that is becoming more various and sophisticated since Korea was placed under the influence of IMF. I'm going to analyze the factors that cause waste and loss through a series of the process to purchase inspect, store food materials, make a product with that materials and sell the product in order to make more profits by making the circulation of the food materials easier and more efficiently. I studied how 3 chain hotels of A group purchase, store the food materials and control stock. I made up questionnaires about the circulation and control of food materials to 107 cooks in order to know what the cooks who are working at the hotel regard as a real problem and a practical solution. This research indicates that purchasing, producing and selling departments don't establish the mutual connection, a professional purchasing manager is strongly needed and there is difficulty in predicting the proper timing to supply. Also the research shows that A hotel group controls the food materials by analyzing the amount of consumption, stock, setting up the period of validity and uses slowly moving food materials in stock mainly by introducing the menu that aims at four seasons. As a result, the research suggests that we should introduce the concept of food producing factory, as it were, Central Kitchen that is based on the network among various kitchens to improve the flow of the food materials.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.266-278
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a substantive theory on self-management conducted by the adolescents with chronic kidney disease from their lived experience. Methods: Data was collected through in-depth interviews from May to December in 2015 with thirteen adolescents with chronic kidney disease. The data collected were analyzed on the basis of Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory. Results: The core of the category found in this study was "overcoming the unstable sense of self- control and integrating disease experience into their life". The causal conditions triggering the central phenomenon were "restriction in daily life" and "manifestation and aggravation of symptom". The central phenomenon in the experience of self-management within the adolescents with chronic kidney disease was "unstable sense of self control". The intervening condition for unstable self control were "micro system support" and "motivational resources". This study found that the adolescents with chronic kidney disease followed a series of strategies when they faced the central phenomenon, including; passive coping, reappraisal of illness, active coping, compliance with treatment, controlling physical activity, and adjusting school life. With these strategic approaches, the adolescents with chronic kidney disease could maintain their active lifestyles and achieve their health behaviors. The process of self-management by these adolescents passed through four phases; limited experience caused by diseases, effort for normalization, reorganizing their daily lives, and integration with daily lives and self-management. Conclusion: This Study explored the process and experience of self-management of adolescents with chronic kidney disease. These findings can be used for basis for developing substantive theory and nursing intervention strategy for adolescents with chronic kidney diseases.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2002

Particle fluxes were measured by using time-series sediment traps in the Bransfield Strait from December 27th, 1999 to December 26th, 2000. Total mass fluxes showed distinct seasonal variations with high fluxes in the austral summer and low fluxes in the austral winter at a 678m water depth in the eastern Bransfield Strait, while they were high only in January and fairly low in other months at a 960m water depth in the central Bransfield Strait. The reason that total mass fluxes occurred only in January at a 960m water depth in the central Bransfield Strait seems to be the strong current in the surface waters, which leads to a substantial amount of terrestrial materials and locally produced organic matter being advected away from the mooring site. Total mass fluxes were very high from January to October at a 1678m water depth in the eastern Bransfield Strait, while they were high only in January and February at a 1860m water depth in the central Bransfield Strait. The fact that total mass fluxes were higher at the deep water in the both sites than at the intermediate water depth may reflect that a substantial amount of terrestrial and organic materials are laterally transported by strong tidal current from the shallow environments to the deep basins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2006

Threshold limit value (TLV) test between expert and consumer panel was conducted about absolute, recognition and difference threshold respectively. And we tried to suggest appropriate and minimum acceptable menthol concentration level by consumer panel. Determination of threshold value was based on ASTM E 679-79 method by forced-choice ascending concentration series. In addition, a semi-ascending paired difference method was referred to conduct test. The group threshold value was determined as the value of geometric mean individual threshold. The smokers were dividend by two groups, trained and consumer panel. Trained panel was selected according to sensitivity to menthol discrimination. Consumer panel wasrecruited in proportion as population ratios including female smokers. They were all over twenty years old volunteers and summed up thirty four persons. In terms of sensor evaluation, overall difference test with seven-category scale by both trained and consumer panelists were done. On judging correct or incorrect answer, two by three cut-off levels applied to. Every test was conducted with two sessions, before smoking and during smoking period. And, only two samples served each paneI per test with regard to sensory fatigue and reliable results. All tests were replicated, and in total 32 times per panelist. In conclusion, the recognition threshold about consumer and expert panel was 358 ppm/cig. and 276 ppm/cig. in separately. Besides, absolute and difference thresholds were obtained also. And, we conduct difference threshold test with two different ways, upward and downward. And, The results of each method were 246, 195 ppm/cig., 1414, 1336 ppm/cig. and 1047, 972 ppm/cig.