• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.392-401
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• 2023

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the world's most important crops, along with wheat and rice, with a global corn production expected to reach 1,154.5 million tons in 2023. Considering this grain production, The generation of corn cob is expected to reach approximately 207.8 million tons in 2023. However, as an agricultural by-product, corn cobs are often considered waste and remain underutilized. Phytosterols, which are abundant in vegetable oils such as corn oil, provide a number of health benefits, including liver health, cholesterol reduction, and protection against chronic diseases such as diabetes. In this study, we investigated the potential of Kwangpyeongok ears, which are commonly used as grain and silage corn in Korea. We also examined the variation in phytosterol content with the maturity of corn ears to identify the optimal time for utilization. At the beginning of physiological maturity, corn cobs had 113.3 mg/100g DW of total phytosterols, which was highest phytosterol abundance during the growth stage. Corn kernels also had the highest phytosterol content at the beginning of physiological maturity. While previous studies on corn bioactive compounds have mainly focused on the kernels, the results of this study highlight that cobs are an excellent source of these compounds. Furthermore, phytosterol levels were influenced by genetic factors and developmental stages, suggesting the to increase the use of cobs as a source of bioactive compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.116-120
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• 2012

The buccal fat pad is specialized fat tissue located anterior to the masseter muscle and deep to the buccinator muscle. Possessing a central body and four processes it provides separation allowing gliding motion between muscles, protects the neurovascular bundles from injuries, and maintains facial convexity. Because of its many advantageous functions, the use of the buccal fat pad during oral and maxillofacial procedures is promoted for the reconstruction of defects secondary to tumor resection, and those defects resulting from oroantral fistula caused by dento-alveolar surgery or trauma. We used the pedicled buccal fat pad in the reconstruction of intraoral defects such as oroantral fistula, maxillary posterior bone loss, or defects resulting from tumor resection. Epithelization of the fat tissue began 1 week after the surgery and demonstrated stable healing without complications over a long-term period. Thus, we highly recommend the use of this procedure.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2007

Hexane extract of Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) exhibits a toxic effect on the tissues of Spodoptera litura (F) while fed at the dose of 1000 and 2000 ppm thoroughly mixing with castor leaves (Ricinus communis L) after dissolving in DMSO at late fourth instar whereas only DMSO treated castor leaves were fed to control group. The larvae were put to rear at $28^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $76{\pm}4%$ R.H. under 12 L + 12 D photoperiodic regime. In test group insects substantial reduction of protein and DNA content was marked in fat body and midgut tissues compared to DMSO treated control group. The significant biochemical alterations in the midgut tissues and fat body of test group insects indicate the insecticidal property of the said plant extract that could be tested in facilitating the phenomenal stride in Integrated Pest Management.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1034-1043
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• 2001

To determine the frequency of past and present obesity among patients with NIDDM and to identify the differences of body fat, blood pressure and C-peptide/glucose ratio according to obese diabetic patients (BMI$\geq$25 kg/$m^2$) and nonobese (BMI<25 kg/$m^2$). Also the final factor is to observe the anthrometric change patterns in the study. Method: The weight at 20 years-old, previous maximal body weight, and acute weight loss were queried. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist & hip circumferences, waist-hip ratio, skinfold thicknesses, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and fasting C-peptide were measured in one hundred sixty-seven NIDDM patients. The differences of the parameters ccording to obese and nonobese, and three anthropometric change patterns were analyzed. Result: Results were as follows: 1. 66.5 % of the NIDDM patients had a history of past obesity as assessed by their maximum weight, while only 33.2% of them were currently obese (p's < 0.001). 2. The waist & hip circumferences, skinfold thicknesses, systolic, diastolic & mean arterial blood pressure in obese patients were greater than those of nonobese patients (all p's < 0.001). 3. The waist and the hip circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses (subscapula & triceps) were highest among the obese-obese group. WHR and abdominal skinfold thickness in the obese-obese and obese-nonobese groups were higher than those in the nonobese- nonobese group. Systolic & diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures in the obese-obese group were higher than those of obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese groups(all p's < 0.005). 4. The abdominal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses in female diabetic patients were greater than those of male patients (all p's <0.0001). Conclusion: Although most Korean NIDDM patients were previously obese, many of them were not obese during the course of the study. Greater central and upper body adiposicity and higher blood pressure was shown in obese diabetic patients. Also, greater central and upper body adiposicity was demonstrated in female diabetic patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.837-844
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify fat distribution and blood pressure according to anthropometric change patterns between NIDDM patients and control subjects. Methods: Cross-sectionally 167 NIDDM patients and 87 controls were studied. Previous maximal body weight and acute weight loss was obtained. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio(WHR), skinfold thicknesses(abdomen, subscapular & triceps), and blood pressure was measured. Three anthropometric change patterns were categorized by BMI changes from the maximum lifetim's BMI to the current time (obese-obese, obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese: obese: BMI$\geq$25kg/m$^2$, nonobese: BMI<25kg/m$^2$). The data was analyzed by $X^2$, t-test, age adjusted ANCOVA and Least Squares Means(LSM) for multiple comparison. Result: Acute body weight loss(p=0.01), anthropometric change types (p=0.001), WHR (p=0.05), and skinfold thickness (p=0.002) of NIDDM were significantly higher than those of the controls. The mean arterial pressure, WHR and skinfold thicknesses were greater in both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects compared with both nonobese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects. (all p's<0.05). Conclusion: NIDDM patients had more central and upper body adiposicity. Also both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects had higher mean arterial pressures and central body obesity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1206-1224
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• 2018

Purpose: This systematic review was planned and performed in order to determine the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: We searched related randomized controlled trials in several medical online databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Public/Publisher MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), National Digital Science Library (NDSL), and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS). NAFLD related outcomes were extracted from the included trials and meta-analyzed. Results: From the 8 included trials, the values of the following examinations were extracted: liver ultrasonography, liver CT, body fat CT, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hosmeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), weight, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), obesity degree, body fat mass, body fat rate, leptin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and super oxide dismutase (SOD). In the 4 outcomes, cure rate in liver ultrasonography (RR=1.56; 95%CI=1.05~2.31; P=0.03), cure rate in liver CT (RR=2.23; 95%CI=1.33~3.72; P=0.002), TC (MD=-0.78; 95%CI=-1.41~-0.15; P=0.02), and TG (MD=-2.05; 95%CI=-3.88~-0.21; P=0.03), acupuncture was more effective than the control intervention. Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, acupuncture relieved hepatic steatosis, and reduced TC, and TG in NAFLD patients. more well-planned studies are still needed due to the heterogeneity and the considerable methodological flaws in the analyzed trials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine physicochemical changes in brown rice during ageing condition. Five varieties (Haiami, Ilpum, Daecheong, Jungwon, and Dasan1) of brown rice were stored at $35^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. Crude protein and lipid content, seed germination rate, fat acidity, tocol content, TOYO glossiness value, pasting properties, and composition of storage proteins were measured to evaluate its quality during storage. The isomers of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienols) were quantified using HPLC system, and the pattern of variation in rice storage proteins was examined through electrophoresis of protein extracts. Seed germination rate decreased by 2.7 times, whereas the fatty acid value dramatically increased by 4.8 times after 8 weeks of storage. Toyo glossiness value of cooked milled rice considerably affected by storage period, and the pasting properties of milled rice were also influenced by storage. The final viscosity and breakdown value increased, but setback decreased during storage. In terms of storage protein, proportion of prolamin (14.3 kDa) and globulin (26.4 kDa) increased, whereas percentage of glutelin (34-39 kDa and 21-22 kD) decreased. Furthermore, the contents of total tocol and isomers decreased in stored brown rice.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.201-214
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• 1996

This study was aimed at evaluating the lipid status of 122 pregnant women, who were attending peripheral community clinics in low-income areas and were vulnerable in terms of public health, by anthropometric measurements, estimating dietary intakes and analyzing serum lipids content and fatty acids composition. Regarding the skinfold thickness, it has increased more significantly in suprailliac than in triceps, biceps, subscapular, which means body fat has been accumulated in central parts more than in distal parts of the pregnants. It is found that intakes of energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrate are desirable while calcium, zinc and copper are low and sodium is excessive. Regarding dietary fat intake, the energy $\%$ of fat was within the same range as RDA(20%) for adults, but energy $\%$ intake from each fatty acid was usually low, especially energy % of monoun-saturated fatty acid intake was below RDA for adult women. And intake ratio of $\omega$6$\omega$3 fatty acids was desirable. Accordingly, it is thought that dietary fat intake was balanced in quality. Serum lipids concentrations were increased with the length of pregnancy and were higher as compared with non-pregnant women. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially $\omega$6 fatty acids, have gradually decreased with the length of pregnancy. Serum lipids content and fatty acids composition were not greatly influenced by dietary fat but serum free fatty acid level was negatively related to energy, carbohydrate, fatty acids and cholesterol intake. On the basis of the above results, it can be predicted that lipid metabolism for mother and fetus is changed by pregnant status and multilateral research on maternal nutrition in terms of areas and income levels will have to be made. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) : 201-214, 1996)

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.338-343
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• 2009

The Wnt/$\beta$-catenin signaling pathway alters adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting adipogenic gene expression. $\beta$-catenin plays a central role in the Wnt/$\beta$-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, we revealed that tumour necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), a potential negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation, inhibits porcine adipogenesis through activation of the Wnt/$\beta$-catenin signaling pathway. Under the optimal concentration of TNF-$\alpha$, the intracellular $\beta$-catenin protein was stabilized. Thus, the intracellular lipid accumulation of porcine preadipocyte was suppressed and the expression of important adipocyte marker genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-$\gamma$ (PPAR$\gamma$) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-$\alpha$ (C/EBP$\alpha$), were inhibited. However, a loss of $\beta$-catenin in porcine preadipocytes enhanced the adipogenic differentiation and attenuated TNF-$\alpha$ induced anti-adipogenesis. Taken together, this study indicated that TNF-$\alpha$ inhibits adipogenesis through stabilization of $\beta$-catenin protein in porcine preadipocytes.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of various methods of fat harvesting in animal model by viability comparison with assay including cell counting, MTT assay, and histologic evaluation. Materials and methods: New Zealand white rabbits experiments were used. Groin fat pads were subjected to different harvest method varying ingredients of solution(Experiment 1: T1 solution= lidocaine 1000mg/L, epinephrine 1mg/L, sodium bicarbonate 10mgEq/L, Triamcinolone 10mgEq/L; T2 solution=lidocaine 1000mg/L, epinephrine 1mg/L, sodium bicarbonate 0mgEq/L, Triamcinolone 0mgEq/L) and pressure exerted on harvesting with Luer-Lock syringe connected to suction cannula.(Experiment 2: P1 group=3cc intermittent pressure; P2 group=10cc sustained pressure) Fat cell viability was assessed with cell counting with a hemocytometer, MTT assay, and histologic evaluation. Results: Experiment 1 Cell count: T1=2.4/3.4/4.2, T2=9.6/8.4/7.2($\times10^5$ per mL); MTT assay: T1=0.516/0.41/0.453/0.412/0.421, T2=0.925/0.765/0.54/0.634/0.614 in 21 days(absorbance); Histology: T1 showed elongated and, different in size and shape, and ruptured adipocytes with only a few normal adipocytes whereas T2 showed central core of fat with almost intact fat cells Experiment 2 Cell count: P1=1.2/3.2/4.2, P2=1.2/2.4/3.8($\times10^5$ per mL); MTT assay:P1=0.256/0.245/0.258/0.21/0.264, P2=0.12/0.231/0.245/0.313/0.281 in 21 days(absorbance); Histology: P1 showed somewhat evenly distributed normal-looking fat cells and P2 showed relatively irregular shape of fat cells with small blood vessel amongst adiopocytes. Conclusion: Viability was higher in ‘modified tumescent solution’without sodium bicarbonate and triamcinolone and we also found no significantly different viability between using intermittent pressure and using sustained pressure. But in terms of initial viability of fat cell, we can assume that lower intermittent pressure would make better clinical results.