• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1955-1963
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• 2008

How can a train move? While a car is driven by a driver who gets the traffic information and takes the road, a train is operated on the designated(or predetermined) track by the operator or the control center. There have been a great deal of changes and evolutions in the railroad environment. Along with these transitions, there have been also a considerable amount of changes in the control center. There has been no detailed analysis for the control center even though its importance has been recognized. It goes without saying that CCC(Central Control Center)'s importance as the core of the train driving system. Such an importance is true for the automated driving system such as the light rail system. Therefore this paper analyzes the CCC of AREX(Airport Express) from the various aspects, i.e., organization, personnel assignment, the way of working, qualification and job analysis for the operator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.335-335
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• 1994

Possibility whether lead ingestion can cause selective toxicity to central serotonergic nervous system in rats was tested. Three groups of wistar rats; 1)Control, 2) Low dose and 3) High dose groups, were prepared. In prenatally lead-exposed rats, until parturition from dams, rat pups were intoxicated via placenta of mother rats having received drinking water containing either 0%(control ), 0.05%(low dose) or 0.2%(high dose) of lead acetate respectively, In postnatally lead-exposed rats, right after parturition from dams rat pups received drinking water containing either 0％ (control), 0.05%(low dose) or 0.2％(high dose) of lead acetate. At 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity and Na$\^$+//K$\^$+/-ATPase activity were measured in 4 areas of rat brain; Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Midbrain and Pons/Medulla. TPH activities were assayed by modified method of Beevers et al. (1983) using L-(5-$^3$H)-tryptophan as substrate. TPH activity was determined as a criterion of lead poisoning to central serotonergic nervous system and Na$\^$+//K$\^$+/-ATPase activity as a criterion of non specific lead poisoning to any kinds of tissues. Selective toxicity of lead poisoning to central serotonergic nervous system was evaluated by the changes of TPH activities without concomitant changes of Na$\^$+//K$\^$+/-ATPase activities. In prenatally lead-exposed rats. this selectivity was found in Telencephalon (2 weeks of age), Diencephalon/Midbrain (2 weeks of age), Midbrain (4 and 6 weeks of age), Pons/Medulla (2, 4 and 6 weeks of age) In rats exposed to low dose of lead and Pons/Medulla (2 weeks of age) to high dose of lead. In postnatal Iy lead-exposed rats, this selectivity was found in Telencephalon (8 weeks of age), Diencephalon(8 weeks of age), Pons/Medulla (6 and 8 weeks of age) in rats exposed to low dose of lead and Pons/Medulla (8 weeks of age) to high dose of lead. These results suggest that lead poisoning may exhibit selective toxicity to central serotonergic nervous system.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.222-228
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• 2020

Background: Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious invasive weed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Nepal. Among 11 species of biological control agents released to control P. hysterophorus in Ausrtalia, winter rust Puccina abrupta var. partheniicola arrived fortuitously and has established in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, nearly a decade back. However, the prevalence and effectiveness of this rust as a biological control agent in Kathmandu remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, a roadside survey was done at an interval of 2 ± 0.25 km in Kathmandu Valley to assess the P. abrupta var. partheniicola incidence and its impacts on P. hysterophorus. Infested individuals of P. hysterophorus were further divided into four severity classes (very low, low, medium, and high), and rust incidence was calculated. The impact of the winter rust on the growth of P. hysterophorus was assessed by comparing biomass and seed output of infested and non-infested individuals. Results: Among 81 locations where P. hysterophorus was present in the Kathmandu Valley, winter rust infestation was observed at 98% locations. At some locations within Kathmandu Valley such as Tinkune, Kirtipur, Chabahil, Buddha Chowk, and Dhobighat, the impacts of the rust on P. hysterophorus were medium to high. Aboveground biomass and seed output of P. hysterophorus were reduced by 47% and 73%, respectively, due to winter rust infestation. The study indicates that winter rust incidence is widespread in Kathmandu Valley with very low to high levels of damages to P. hysterophorus depending on the localities. Conclusion: The rust has, therefore, a potential to reduce the growth performance of P. hysterophorus, and it can be used as a component of integrated management of P. hysterophorus by introducing to other suitable areas in Nepal.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.345-356
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• 2023

This study aimed to assess the effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on abdominal aorta coarctation (AAC) induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) and autophagy in rats. Forty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, AAC group, AAC + H₂S group, and H₂S control group. After a model of rats with AAC was built surgically, AAC + H₂S group and H₂S group were injected intraperitoneally with H₂S (100 µmol/kg) daily. The rats in the control group and the AAC group were injected with the same amount of PBS. We observed that H₂S can improve left ventricular function and the deposition of myocardial collagen fibers, inhibit pyroptosis, down-regulate the expression of P-eif2α in myocardial tissue, and inhibit cell autophagy by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT1 signaling pathway (p < 0.05). In addition, angiotensin II (1 µM) H9c2 cardiomyocytes were injured in vitro experiments, and it was also observed that pyroptosis was inhibited after H₂S (400 µmol/kg) intervention, the expression of P-eif2α in cardiomyocytes was significantly down-regulated, and the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway was activated at the same time. Therefore, increasing the expression of P-eif2α reverses the activation of the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway by H₂S. In conclusion, these findings suggest that exogenous H₂S can ameliorate MF in rats with AAC by inhibiting pyroptosis, and the mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the phosphorylation of eif2α and activating the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway to inhibit excessive cell autophagy.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2004

The breeding work was initiated by utilizing two Japanese hybrids namely C135${\times}$N134 and N137${\times}$C146 along with two evolved Indian breeds, J14 and A24. The breed CSR16 which is characterized with marked larvae and white dumbbell cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid C135${\times}$N134 by crossing with J14, while the breed CSR17 which is characterized with plain larvae and white oval cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid N137${\times}$C146 by crossing with A24. The hybrid of these evolved breeds i.e., CSR16${\times}$CSR17 has shown superior over control hybrid $KA{\times}{NB_4}{D_2}$ and on par with the ruling hybrid of CSR2${\times}$CSR4. The hybrid CSR16${\times}$CSR17 was authorized during 1999 by Central Silk Board, Bangalore, Government of India for commercial exploitation during favourable months based on national level race authorization test.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 1998

Electronic cash affects central bank in many areas, in particular regarding the issuance of money, supervision of cashless payments, supervision of the banking system and monetary policy. The effects of electronic cash on central bank policies, the security and integrity of the payment system, and naturally also on single sector such as company engaged in the transport of money and valuables, depend mainly on the extent to which the new payment methods can replace cash. The possible development of electronic cash merits special attention from central banks for at least three reasons. First, central banks are concerned that the introduction of the new payment instrument should have no adverse effect on public confidence in the payment system and payment media. Second, although the substitution of electronic cash for other forms of money should not theoretically hamper central bank's ability to control the money supply, it might, however, have practial implications, at least in the long run, which need to be carefully examined. Third, because electronic cash may be used for payments of very small value, they have the potential, more than any other cashless instrument, to take over the role of notes and coins in the economy and, therefore, have implications for central bank's activities and revenues.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10b
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• pp.164-169
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• 1992

Classical methods for estimating transfer function models have not always been successful. A statistic approach to the identification of transfer function models which is corrupted by disturbances or noise is presented. The estimated impulse response is obtained from the autocorrelation function and cross correlation function between the measured input and output. Several data analysis tools such as R- , S- and GPAC array for the estimated impulse response give us pretty clear information on the order of transfer function models.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.126-129
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• 1996

This paper study on the control method of 3-level converter. The control of converter is composed of active power control for controlling a output voltage and of reactive power control for high power factor drives. And also, output central voltage is controlled by sensing a each condensor voltage of bank connected the part of dc.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10b
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• pp.29-29
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• 1992

Interest in process control has rebounded from an all-time low in the mid-1970s, with a new focus on bridging the gap between academic theory and industrial practice. Since then, much progress has been made in the new generation of process control theory to bridge this gap. This review summarizes the recent advances and cur-rent problems in process control on a qualitative level.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.102-109
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• 2005

Wheel-slip control systems are able to control the braking force more accurately and can be adapted to different vehicles more easily than conventional ABS systems. But, in order to achieve the superior braking performance through the wheel-slip control, real-time information such as the tire braking force is required. For example, in the case of EHB (Electro-Hydraulic Brake) systems, the tire braking force cannot be measured directly, but can be approximated based on the characteristics of the brake disk-pad friction. The friction characteristics can change significantly depending on aging of the brake, moisture on the contact area, heat etc. In this paper, a wheel slip The proposed wheel slip control system is composed of two subsystems: braking force monitor and robust slip controller In the brake force monitor subsystem, the tire braking forces as well as the brake disk-pad friction coefficient are estimated considering the friction variation between the brake pad and disk. The robust wheel slip control subsystem is designed based on sliding mode control methods and follows the target wheel-slip using the estimated tire braking forces. The proposed sliding mode controller is robust to the uncertainties in estimating the braking force and brake disk-pad friction. The performance of the proposed wheel-slip control system is evaluated in various simulations.