• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.351-354
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• 2011

Objective : This investigation was conducted to evaluate a new, safe entry point for the C2 pedicle screw, determined using the anatomical landmarks of the C2 lateral mass, the lamina, and the isthmus of the pars interarticularis. Methods : Fifteen patients underwent bilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 pedicle screw fixation, combined with posterior wiring. The C2 pedicle screw was inserted at the entry point determined using the following method : 4 mm lateral to and 4 mm inferior to the transitional point (from the superior end line of the lamina to the isthmus of the pars interarticularis). After a small hole was made with a high-speed drill, the taper was inserted with a 30 degree convergence in the cephalad direction. Other surgical procedures were performed according to Harm's description. Preoperatively, careful evaluation was performed with a cervical X-ray for C1-C2 alignment, magnetic resonance imaging for spinal cord and ligamentous structures, and a contrast-enhanced 3-dimensional computed tomogram (3-D CT) for bony anatomy and the course of the vertebral artery. A 3-D CT was checked postoperatively to evaluate screw placement Results : Bone fusion was achieved in all 15 patients (100%) without screw violation into the spinal canal, vertebral artery injury, or hardware failure. Occipital neuralgia developed in one patient, but this subsided after a C2 ganglion block. Conclusion : C2 transpedicular screw fixation can be easily and safely performed using the entry point of the present study. However, careful preoperative radiographic evaluation, regardless of methods, is mandatory.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권12C호
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• pp.1652-1659
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 영상의 기하학 정보를 이용하여 기저 평면에서 움직이는 객체의 높이를 자동으로 측정하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 알고리즘은 설정된 위치에서 이동하는 객체의 높이를 각 프레임 마다 사용자 입력을 통해 측정하여 실시간에 이용할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해, 입력 영상에서 움직임 객체의 영역을 추출하여 객체의 높이를 자동으로 측정한다. 입력 영상에서 픽셀 정보와 시간적인 정보를 이용하여 움직임 객체를 추출하고 반복적인 계산을 통해 실제와 근소한 객체의 바닥점과 높이점을 추출한다 이 두 점 사이의 높이 계산은 기하학정보인 소실점(Vanishing point), 소실선(Vanishing line)과의 계산을 통해 이루어진다. 측정된 높이는 신뢰도 평가를 통해 모의실험에서 실제 높이와 유사한 결과를 확인하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.99-119
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• 2018

Unit load factor, which is used for the quantification of non-point pollution in watersheds, has the limitation that it does not reflect spatial characteristics of soil, topography and temporal change due to the interannual or seasonal variability of precipitation. Therefore, we developed the method to estimate a watershed-scale non-point pollutant load using seasonal forecast data that forecast changes of precipitation up to 6 months from present time for watershed-scale water quality management. To establish a preemptive countermeasure against non-point pollution sources, it is possible to consider the unstructured management plan which is possible over several months timescale. Notably, it is possible to apply various management methods such as control of sowing and irrigation timing, control of irrigation through water management, and control of fertilizer through fertilization management. In this study, APEX-Paddy model, which can consider the farming method in field scale, was applied to evaluate the applicability of seasonal forecast data. It was confirmed that the rainfall amount during the growing season is an essential factor in the non-point pollution pollutant load. The APEX-Paddy model for quantifying non-point pollution according to various farming methods in paddy fields simulated similarly the annual variation tendency of TN and TP pollutant loads in rice paddies but showed a tendency to underestimate load quantitatively.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2023

논문은 LiDAR 점군 데이터를 사용하여 흉고 직경과 수고를 예측하는 ForestLi 시스템을 제안한다. ForestLi 시스템이 LiDAR 점군 데이터를 처리하는 과정은 다음과 같이 여러 단계로 진행된다. 다운샘플링, 이상점 제거, 지표면 분할, 지표면 정규화, 수간 추출, 개체목 분할, 흉고 직경 측정, 수고 측정. LiDAR 점군 데이터를 처리하는 상용 시스템 LiDAR360은 하측 식생과 개체목 분할 오류를 사용자가 직접 수정해야 한다. ForestLi 시스템은 하측 식생에 해당하는 LiDAR 점군 데이터를 자동으로 제거한다. 결과적으로 ForestLi 시스템이 LiDAR360보다 전체 수행시간을 줄이고, 흉고 직경과 수고 예측의 정확성을 높였다. 실험을 통해서 제안된 ForestLi가 LiDAR360 시스템보다 흉고 직경과 수고 측정의 정확성과 전체 실행시간 측면에서 우수하다는 것을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.53-55
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• 2009

A foreign body may present diagnostic difficulties. If the foreign body has been in existence for a long time, the diagnosis may be even more complex. This report shows an unusual foreign body that turned out to be the cap of a ball point pen.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.311-313
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• 2003

There have been public attraction and studies about distributed generation systems. But protective relay must be installed between utility system and customer owned distributed generation system has not been developed. So this paper describes the development of a digital protective relay for interconnection. The developed protective relay includes protective elements required by KEPCO at the interconnection point.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.211-213
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• 2004

실시간 데이터를 대상으로 하는 전력 계통응용 프로그램을 개발하기 위해서는 SCADA 시스템이 다루는 Point Data를 Device Level의 속성으로 해석할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 관계를 나타낼 수 있는 Mapping 기법을 제안하고 실제 응용 프로그램에 적용한 사례를 소개하고자 한다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.289-299
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• 1996

This study has been performed to investigate into some effects of power density and traverse speed of laser beam on the microstructure, hardness and residual stress of AISI 4140 treated by laser surface hardening technique. Optical micrograph has shown that large martensite and a small amount of retained austenite in outermost surface layer and fine lath martensite in inner surface hardened layer are formed under the condition of a given power density and traverse speed. Hardness measurements have revealed that as the power density increases at a given 2.0m/min of the traverse speed, the maximum hardness values of outermost surface hardened layer is increased from Hv=635 to Hv=670. X-ray analysis for residual stress has exhibited that low compressive residual stress values are obtained in center point of the cress section of surface hardened layer with in mid point between the edge and the center point, about 1.5mm from the center point, due simply to a difference in self-quenching rate. It has been shown that the higher the power density at a given traverse speed and the olwer the traverse speed at a given power density, the more the compressive residual stress values are increased due to an increase in the input heat of laser beam.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.808-816
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• 2012

얼굴 인식은 여러 분야에서의 활발한 연구를 통해 많은 발전이 있었고, 현재도 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 최근 들어 물체 인식에 주로 사용되어온 특징점 추출 알고리즘이 얼굴 인식에도 적용되고 있다. 본 논문은 대표적인 특징점 추출 알고리즘인 SURF를 이용한다. 사람은 얼굴의 형태 및 구조가 유사하므로 물체를 인식하는 경우보다 분별력이 떨어지기 때문에 SURF를 이용한 얼굴인식의 정확도는 낮은 편이다. 이를 개선하고자 본 논문에서는 SURF를 통해 추출한 특징점에서 Gabor 웨이블릿 변환을 사용해 기술어를 추출하는 얼굴 인식 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과에서 제안하는 방법이 기존 SURF 기반의 얼굴 인식에 비해 정확도가 약 23% 향상된 것을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2016

Objectives : A previous study demonstrated that the connecting points of three yang meridians attenuated changes of nNOS, and Norepinephrine(NE) in rats. The current study investigated the changes in nNOS, NO and NE upon the needle insertion at varying depths at the connecting point of three yin meridians of the hand. Methods : Needles were inserted into rats, on both left and right sides of the connecting point, including the LU7, HT5 and PC6 acupoints which are three yin meridians of the hand. After insertion, needles were retained for five minutes. Each acupuncture groups were treated acupuncture at each acupoint and at the depths of superficial, middle and deep layer. After the retention, blood was drawn via cardiac puncture, and tissues of each point near meridian vessel was extracted to examine the changes in the expression of nNOS, NO and NE. Results : Compared with the superficial layer group, nNOS production significantly decreased in the middle and deep layer at LU7 acupoint group and in the deep layer at HT5, PC6 acupoint group. The tissue NE decreased in the deep layer on PC6 acupoint and the plasma NE increased at the middle layer at LU7 acupoint group but decreased at the deep layer on at LU7 acupoint group. Conclusions : Acupuncture at connecting points of three yin meridians of the hand can regulate the activities of nNOS, and NE.