• Hip & pelvis
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2023

Purpose: Cephalomedullary (CM) nailing is widely performed in treatment of elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures. However, in cases of fixation failure, re-operation is usually necessary, thus determining factors that may contribute to fixation failure is important. In this study, we examined factors affecting the occurrence of fixation failure, such as age or fracture stability, after CM nailing in elderly patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively using registered data. From April 2011 to December 2018, CM nailing was performed in 378 cases diagnosed with femoral intertrochanteric fractures, and 201 cases were finally registered. Cases involving patients who were bed-ridden before injury, who died from causes unrelated to surgery, and those with a follow-up period less than six months were excluded. Results: Fixation failure occurred in eight cases. Comparison of the surgical success and fixation failure group showed that the mean age was significantly higher in the fixation failure group compared with the control group (81.3±6.4 vs. 86.4±6.8; P=0.034). A significantly high proportion of unstable fractures was also observed (139/54 vs. 3/5; P=0.040), with a significantly high ratio of intramedullary reduction (176/17 vs. 5/3; P=0.034). A significantly higher ratio of unstable fractures compared with that of stable fractures was observed in the intramedullary reduction group (132/49 vs. 10/10; P=0.033). Conclusion: Fixation failure of CM nailing is likely to occur in patients who are elderly or have unstable fracture patterns. Thus, care should be taken in order to avoid intramedullary reduction.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2017

Background: Routine nerve conduction study (NCS) can only be used to evaluate the function of large fibers, and the results of NCS are often normal in patients with distal sensory polyneuropathy. The measurement of the current perception threshold (CPT) has been reported to represent a variety of peripheral nerve fiber functions. This study was performed to investigate the value of measuring CPT in patients with diabetic sensory polyneuropathy who have no abnormalities in routine NCS. Methods: Twenty-seven diabetic patients with sensory polyneuropathy and normal routine NCS and 18 age-matched control subjects participated in this study. The CPT was measured on the unilateral index finger and great toe of each subject at frequencies of 5 Hz, 250 Hz, and 2,000 Hz. Results: CPT values were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group, especially with stimuli at the lowest frequency of 5 Hz (p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between the CPT values obtained at three different frequencies in the patient group, whereas the correlation was only significant in the pair of 250 Hz/5 Hz (both in the hands and feet), and in the pair of 2,000 Hz/250 Hz (in the feet) for the control group. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the CPT test, especially at a stimuli frequency of 5 Hz, may be a useful screening tool for diabetic polyneuropathy in patients who show no abnormalities in routine NCS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.918-928
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• 2013

The inequitable flow distribution to flocculation basins is an important problem faced in many water treatment plants. This is caused by the structure of a distribution channel, the height differences of outlet weirs etc. But, a modified approach for the structures has no effectiveness to achieve flow equality. The aim of this study is to reduce the inequality by adopting optimized inlet valve opening (%) of the flocculation basins using DOE (Design of Experiments) and RSA (Response Surface Analysis). The inlet valve openings (%) and inflow distributions (%) of 6 paralleled basins were set as factors (X) and characteristics(Y) respectively. 2 level factorial experiments and RSA were conducted for optimization and regression analysis (Y = f(X) + Const.). Adopting the optimized inlet valve opening (%) at field, standard deviation of flow distribution (%) and effluent turbidity was declined from 3.80% to 0.42% and from 0.29 NTU to 0.03 NTU respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

Background: The deposition of monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) in the myocardium aggravates ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and myocardial infarction. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is known to protect the myocardium against IRI. Methods: We evaluated the effects of IPC on myocardium upon which mCRP had been deposited due to IRI in a rat model. Myocardial IRI was induced via ligation of the coronary artery. Direct IPC was applied prior to IRI using multiple short direct occlusions of the coronary artery. CRP was infused intravenously after IRI. The study included sham (n=3), IRI-only (n=5), IRI+CRP (n=9), and IPC+IRI+CRP (n=6) groups. The infarcted area and the area at risk were assessed using Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining. Additionally, mCRP immunostaining and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed. Results: In the IRI+CRP group, the infarcted area and the area of mCRP deposition were greater, and the level of IL-6 mRNA expression was higher, than in the IRI-only group. However, in the IPC+IRI+CRP group relative to the IRI+CRP group, the relative areas of infarction (20% vs. 34%, respectively; p=0.079) and mCRP myocardial deposition (21% vs. 44%, respectively; p=0.026) were lower and IL-6 mRNA expression was higher (fold change: 407 vs. 326, respectively; p=0.376), although the difference in IL-6 mRNA expression was not statistically significant. Conclusion: IPC was associated with significantly decreased deposition of mCRP and with increased expression of IL-6 in myocardium damaged by IRI. The net cardioprotective effect of decreased mCRP deposition and increased IL-6 levels should be clarified in a further study.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 1996

Acetoin and ammonia, the precursors of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) having "meaty" or "roasted" flavors, were produced by the culture of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetilactis FC1 in free and immobilized cell systems. Cells were immobilized using k-carrageenan and then were incubated at $34^{\circ}C$. The TMP productivity (0.34 g/l) and the conversion ratio (9.3%) of acetoin to TMP of the immobilized cell system were higher than those (0.24 g/l, 7.0%) of the free cell system. When the beads were activated for 12 h, the productivity of acetoin and TMP increased slightly.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1474-1479
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• 2003

This paper proposes a transmission interval which includes collisions and retransmissions in the IEEE 802.11 DCF. The transmission probability is used for the calculation of collisions and retransmissions in the DCF. Since the noises are considered to analyze the transmission interval, retransmissions by the noises are included in the proposed transmission interval. The proposed transmission interval takes account of the retransmissions by packet errors, and makes it possible to analyze the maximum throughput of the DCF.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1896-1900
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• 2003

In this paper, a new type of output feedback control, called a receding horizon finite memory control (RHFMC), is proposed for stochastic discrete-time state space systems. Constraints such as linearity and finite memory structure with respect to an input and an output, and unbiasedness from the optimal state feedback control are required in advance. The proposed RHFMC is chosen to minimize an optimal criterion with these constraints. The RHFMC is obtained in an explicit closed form using the output and input information on the recent time interval. It is shown that the RHFMC consists of a receding horizon control and an FIR filter. The stability of the RHFMC is investigated for stochastic systems.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1224-1228
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• 2008

The reaction of internal diynes and cyclopentadiene in the presence of 5 mol % of cobalt catalysts proceeded under 5 atm of carbon monoxide pressure to give a high yield of the corresponding [2+2+2] cycloaddition product. By lowering carbon monoxide pressure from 30 atm to 5atm, cyclopentadiene can be used as a dienophile in the cobalt carbonyl-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction between internal diynes and cyclopentadiene.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.809-812
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• 2005

In this work, a new method for extracting substrate parameters of RF MOSFETs based on 3-port measurement is presented using device simulation. A T-type substrate resistance network is used. 3-port Y-parameter analyses were performed on the equivalent circuit of RF MOSFETs. All the components in the RF MOSFETs when the device is turned off were extracted directly from the 3-port device simulation data. The small-signal output admittance $Y_{22}$ can be well modeled up to 40 GHz. From the 3-port simulation and modeling results, it was verified that the proposed equivalent circuit and parameter extraction method was more accurate than the single substrate resistance model.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2016

In this study, we fabricated Ag-based electrochemical metallization memory devices which is also called conductive-bridge random-access memory (CBRAM) in order to investigate the resistive switching behavior depending on the bottom electrode (BE). RRAM cells of two different layer configurations having $Ag/Si_3N_4/TiN$ and $Ag/Si_3N_4/p^+$ Si are studied for metal-insulator-metal (MIM) and metal-insulator-silicon (MIS) structures, respectively. Switching voltages including forming/set/reset are lower for MIM than for MIS structure. It is found that the workfunction different affects the performances.