• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 1991

Eighty - eight recently extracted teeth were used to evaluate the leakage characteristics of the following retrofilling materials; amalgam, zinc oxide eugenol cement, glass - ionomer cement, and cermet glass - ionomer cement. Root canals were prepared with step - back method and obturated with gutta percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealer. Root apex were resected 2 mm from apex and class I cavities were prepared with 2 mm or 4 mm depth. The cavities were filled with above materials. After application of varnish on all surface except resected surface, the roots were placed in 1 % methylene blue solution for 6 days. After longitudinal polishing to expose cental parts of filled materials, penetrated depths of dye were measured. The results were as follws. 1. As retrofilling material, glass ionomer cement filling groups showed less leakage than the other groups except zinc oxide eugenol cement filling group(p<0.01). 2. Amalgam filling groups had greater leakage than zinc oxide eugenol cement filling group(p<0.01). 3. 4 mm depth of retrofilled cavity had no effect on leakage characteristics compared with 2 mm depth cavity(p>0.05). 4. Glass ionomer cement and cermet glass ionomer cement filling groups showed less apical leakage than amalgam filling groups. But there was no statistical significance(p>0.05). 5. There was no difference in apical leakage between glass ionomer cement filling groups and cermet glass ionomer cement filling groups(p>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pulpal responses to acid etching of dentine. Total 72 class V cavaties' were prepared on the healthy permanent teeth from 6 dogs, and were divided into 4 groups. These were filled with filling materials after acid etching with each etchant for 1 min. Control group ; ZOE filling without acid etching. Group 1: Zinc Oxide-Eugenol cement filling. Group 2: Drying with hot air and Zinc oxide-Eugenol cement filling. Group 3: Scotchbond application and silux filling. Group 4: Silux filling. The dogs were sacrificed after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks and 6 weeks following operation. The specimens were routinely prepared and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Followings were the results obtained through microscopic examination. 1. There was mostly severe pulpal responses in case of Silux filling after acid etching of dentine. 2. The pulpal responses of Silux filling after acid etching and application of Scotch bond group were more severe compared to Zinc Oxide-Eugenol cement filling group, but less severe compared to Silux filling group after acid etching of dentine. 3. The pulpal responses of Zinc Oxide-Eugenol cement filling group were similar to those of Zinc Oxide-Eugenol cement filling after drying with hot air group. 4. There was slight pulpal responses in early stage in case of Zinc Oxide-Eugenol cement filling group, but recovered to normal state soon after.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.337-340
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• 1973

The authers have studied the marginal leakage on various filing materials : Composite resin, Polycarboxylate cement, Zinc phosphate cement, Silicate cement and Zinc-oxide eugenol cement, by means of penetration of 2% aquous methylene blue between cavity walls and filing materials at body temperature and at thermal changs in the range of 4~60℃ The results revealed as follows. 1) All the filling materials revealed the penetration of dye between cavity walls and filling materials. 2) Zinc-oxide eugenol cement was the most effective to prevent the dye penetration on the contrary silicate cement cases showed greatest leakage at 37℃ and at temperature changes in range of 4-60℃. 3) The composite resin showed moderate leakage either at 37℃ or at thermal changes 4) Marginal obstructions of polycarboxylate cement were unsatisfactory at 37℃ and at temperature changes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing properties of endodontic cavity filling materials according to the time intervals after filling. Access cavities were prepared in extracted human premolar or molar teeth and filled with caviton, zinc oxide eugenol cement, zinc oxide eugenol cement with a base of gutta percha stopping and gutta percha stopping. After filling at the intervals of immediate, 2 days and 2 weeks the teeth were immersed for 2 weeks in 1% methylene blue solutions. Longitudinal sections were obtained from approximately center of teeth and the depth of dye penetration into the access cavities were observed by 10${\times}$macrolens. The following results were obtained. I. All the materials experimented showed varying depth of dye penetration. 2. Of the material tested, caviton showed the best marginal sealing qualities regardless of the time intervals after filling and the sealing properties of the gutta percha stopping was the worst. 3. Both in zinc oxide eugenol cement and zinc oxide eugenol cement with a base of gutta percha stopping, the fillings allowed to mature for 2 days in normal saline solution showed the best sealing properties and those with no maturing time revealed the worst sealing qualities. 4. The sealing qualities of zinc oxide eugenol cement with a base of gutta percha stopping revealed slightly lower depth of dye penetration than that of zinc oxide eugenol cements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.21-22
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• 2020

In this study, the pile filling materials of the pile in drilled piling was studied. cement milk is mostly used as the filling materials of bored pile. The use of filling material based on cement milk is inefficient at field construction because it needs a lot of the charging mass. thickening agent was added to the cement milk to perform settlement estimation experiment on a circular cylinder, and as a result of examining the compressive strength of the day, it was found that the settlement estimation was significantly reduced. However, the strength was relatively low, it was confirmed that there was no problem with the regulation because the main surface fixative required relatively low strength.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.355-364
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• 1992

This is a study on the effect of the dentinal pretreatment method to the bond strength between dentin and glass ionomer cement. In this study, 196 human molar teeth with sound crown were used. The dentin surfaces of these teeth were exposed with wet trimmer and polished with # 800 Emory paper and teeth were divided into 7 groups according to the pretreatment agent and method. Each group has 4 subroups of the kinds of glass ionomers. The shear bond strength were measured by Instron Universal Testing machine model 1122. The data of the evaluations were then subjected to statistical analysis using one way ANOVA and the result were as follows : 1. In Durelon liquid 20 sec scrubbing & Vitrebond filling subgroup, shear bond strength was highest with measurements of 72.41(kg/$cm^2$) and in no pretreatment & Shofu lining cement filling subgroup, lowest with measurements of 4.77(kg/$cm^2$). 2. In no pretreatment group, statistical significant differences were found between the subgroups of G-C lining cement and Shofu lining cement. 3. In Ketac conditioner 20 sec scrubbing group, Vitrebond were bonded stronger than others, and in Ketac conditioner 10 sec passive contact group, it has the significant difference with other glass ionomers except G-C lining cement. 4. The subgroup og G-C dentin conditioner 20 sec scrubbing & G-C lining cement filling was bonded to dentin stronger than the subgroup of no pretreatment & Shofu lining cement. In G-C dentin conditioner groups, both of 10 sec passive contact and 20 sec scrubbing, Vitrebond has highest bond strength among the subgroups. 5. The subgroup of Durelon liquid 10 sec passive contact & G-C lining cement filling was bonded to dentin stronger than the subgroup of no pretreatment & Shofu lining cement. Also in both Durelon liquid groups, Vitrebond were bonded to dentin with the highest strength among the subgroups.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 1989

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the apical leakage among the retrograde filling materials; retrograde filling with non-zinc amalgam, cavity varnish and non-zinc amalgam, z.o.e cement, Glass Ionomer cement, scotch bond and silux. Sixty single rooted teeth were divided into six groups and each tooth was individually prepared for its particular group. The specimens were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs and then were infiltrated by 2% methylene blue for 7 days. Apical leakage was evaluated by measuring the degree of dye penetration between the filling material and the canal wall. The results were as follows: 1. The scotch bond and silux group showed the least amount of apical leakage and the control group showed the greatest amount of apical leakage. 2. The groups retrofilled with cavity varnish and amalgam, glass-Ionomer cement, scotch bond and silux showed significantly good apical seal than control group. 3. The groups retrofilled with glass Ionomer cement, scotchbond and silux showed significantly good apical seal than the groups retrofilled with Amalgam and Zinc oxide eugenol cement.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

The cement paste is mostly used as the filling materials of bored pile in Korea. The use of filling material based on cement paste is inefficient at field construction because it needs a lot of the charging mass. In addition, it has environmental problem according to the large amount of cement use because its strength is also larger than criterion. The excavated soil with stabilizer can be used as the filling materials when the bored pile is constructed. Therefore, this paper describes field application of solidified soil for economical efficiency and environment-friendly. The injection capacity of solidified soil is compared with cement paste's based on unconfined compressive strength test and field load test, and the appropriate of test results is evaluated by design criterion. The evaluation result shows that the capacity of excavated soil with stabilizer is similar to cement paste and the solidified soil is able to apply as filling materials of bored pile because it is satisfied with design criterion.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.209-227
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• 2014

The use of limestone fines (LF) in mortar and concrete can in certain ways improve performance and thus has become more and more commonplace. However, although LF is generally regarded as a filler, it is up to now not clear how much filling effect it could have and how best the filling effect could be utilized. Herein, the packing density and filling effect of LF were studied by measuring the packing densities of LF, (LF + cement) blends and (LF + cement + fine aggregate) blends under dry and wet conditions, and measuring the performance of mortars made with various amounts of LF added. It was found that the addition of LF would not significantly increase the packing density of (LF + cement) blends but would fill into the paste to increase the paste volume and paste film thickness, and improve the flow spread and strength of mortar.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

The use of filling material based on cement paste is inefficient at field construction because it needs a lot of the charging mass. In addition, it has environmental problem according to the large amount of cement use because its strength is also larger than criterion. The excavated soil with stabilizer can be used as the filling materials when the bored pile is constructed. Therefore, this paper describes field application of solidified soil for economical efficiency and environment-friendly. The static axial load tests and the load-transfer measurements were performed to examine the axial resistant behavior of the piles. As results, the flowability, segregation and bleeding, and bond strength of filling materials was a good performance than that of the existing cement paste. But the skin friction of pile by PDA was slightly decreased than that of the existing cement paste. However, as pile filling materials, and in terms of economics and environment, the applicability of filling material is considered very effective.