• BMB Reports
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.273-280
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• 2024

Cancer cells metastasize to distant organs by altering their characteristics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to effectively overcome challenges during the multistep tumorigenesis. Plasticity endows cancer cell with the capacity to shift between different morphological states to invade, disseminate, and seed metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a theory derived from tissue biopsy, which explains the acquisition of EMT transcription factors (TFs) that convey mesenchymal features during cancer migration and invasion. On the other hand, adherent-to-suspension transition (AST) is an emerging theory derived from liquid biopsy, which describes the acquisition of hematopoietic features by AST-TFs that reprograms anchorage dependency during the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The induction and plasticity of EMT and AST dynamically reprogram cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix interaction during cancer dissemination and colonization. Here, we review the mechanisms governing cellular plasticity of AST and EMT during the metastatic cascade and discuss therapeutic challenges posed by these two morphological adaptations to provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.108-113
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• 2013

The study compared the cytological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in liquid-based preparations (LBPs) and conventional Pap (CP) smears from fine needle aspiration (FNA), and assessed the feasibility of LBP using the Cell Scan $1500^{TM}$ processor on thyroid FNA samples. Thyroid FNA samples were obtained from 883 consecutive patients. Each sample was divided into two and used for LBPs and CP smears. All were screened independently in a double-blind manner. From the 883 cases, 95 cases were diagnosed as PTC in one or both types of preparation (10.8%). PTC was diagnosed via CP smears in 83 cases (87.4%) and via LBPs in 70 cases (73.7%). However, there were differences in categorization between the paired preparations: Twelve (12) PTCs were misinterpreted in CP smears and 25 PTCs in LBPs. There was a significant discrepancy in the rate of detection of the diagnostic features, with LBPs having a lower detection rate. One (1) case (1.2%) of CP smears and 16 cases (22.9%) of LBPs were categorized as unsatisfactory/nondiagnostic in a total of the 95 PTCs. To conclude, the detection rate of the diagnostic features of PTC is lower in Cell Scan 1500TM samples than in CP smears. However, there are some cases in which a diagnosis of PTC is made in LBPs, but not in CP smears. Therefore, definitive cancer diagnosis in thyroid FNA preparations is likely to result from agreement between direct smears and Cell Scan 1500TM preparations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2017

The roots of Platycodon grandiflorum are commonly used for treating bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, diabetes, and other inflammatory diseases. Since the molecular mechanism underlying the roots of the plant is unclear. Therefore, the present study was conducted to profile proteins from liquid cultured tetraploid roots of Platycodon grandi orum fl using high throughput proteome approach. Two-dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 659 differentially expressed proteins were identified from the liquid medium cultured tetraploid roots of which 32 proteins spots (${\geq}1.5-fold$) were sorted for mass spectrometry analysis. Out of these 32 proteins, a total of 15 proteins were up-regulated such as Serine carboxypeptidase-like 27, Transcription factor bHLH150, 60 kDa jasmonate-induced protein, Cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly factor NBP35, Regulatory associated protein of TOR 2 and a total of 17 proteins were down-regulated such as Protein G1-like2, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, Fructokinase-2, Trihelix transcription factor GT-3a, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit. However, the frequency distribution of identified proteins was carried out within functional categories based on molecular functions, cellular components, and biological processes. Functional categorization revealed that the most of the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the nucleic acid binding, oxidoreductase, transferase activity, protein binding and hydrolase activity. In addition, the proteomic feedback of tetraploid roots of P. grandiflorum may potentially be used to understand the characteristics of proteins and their functions.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.220-229
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• 1992

The degree of purification and the macrostructure of high purity aluminium were studied through the alternate stirring method in order to improve the nonuniformity of solute concentration in the unidirectional stirring method. The $2^3$ factorial design was done to examine the effects of experimental factors more qualitatively. In the relatively low stirring speed of 1500 rpm with alternate stirring mode, the uniform solute profile and refined grain structure were obtained due to strong washing effect and turbulent fluid flow. It was induced by the transition of the momentum boundary layer by alternation of the stirrer. It was concluded from this study that the alternate stirring mode was more effective to obtain the uniformity of solute even in the stirring speed of 1500 rpm. But the degree of purification decreased below the critical alternating period. When 2N(99.8wt.%) aluminium was used as the starting material the morphology of solid-liquid showed the cellular shape and the columnar grains were inclined to the direction of rotation. This inclined grain growth resulted from the difference of relative velocities of solid and liquid. The inclined angle was increased as the stirring speed increased and solidification proceeded. In the case of 4N aluminium, there was no inclined grain growth and it was confirmed from the macrostructure and SEM work that the morphology of solid-liquid interface was planar. From the factorial design, it was found that the alternate stirring mode showed poorer purification effect than that of unidirectional stirring mode at low speed(500 rpm). In addition, the factor that had the most significant effect on the degree of purification was the stirring speed.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.289-294
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• 2002

Cellulose production by Acetobacter pasteurianus was investigated in static culture using four bioreactors with silicone rubber membrane submerged in the medium. The shape of the membrane was flat sheet, flat sack, tube and cylindrical balloon. Production rate of cellulose as well as its yield on consumed glucose by the bacteria grown on the flat type membranes was approximately ten-fold greater than those on the non-flat ones in spite of the same membrane thickness. The membrane reactor using flat sacks of silicone rubber membrane as support of bacterial pellicle can supply greater ratio of surface to volume than a conventional liquid surface culture and is promising for industrial production of bacterial cellulose in large scale.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.193-195
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• 2004

This paper presents a novel data transmit method using display units of mobile devices. Mobile devices such as personal-digital-assistants (PDAs) and cellular phones have a display unit. The typical display unit is a liquid-crystal-display (LCD) with an back-light. Since the proposed data transmit method uses the LCD or back-light as a data transmitter, it is a kind of sightable light communication. Tn order to transmit the data, the display unit drived by an application program on the platform of mobile devices. In this paper, detailed data transmit scheme, specific data protocol are presented and discussed. Finally, with the experimental results, usefulness of the proposed data transmit method is verified.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.559-564
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• 1995

Twenty microbial strains producing the acylase were isolated from soil by using Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 as an indicator strain, using either D-($\alpha $)-phenylglycine methylester and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) or glutaric acid dimethylester and 7-ACA as substrates. Among the isolates, only one strain was turned out to be the 7-ACA producer from either cephalosporin C or glutaryl 7-ACA as the substrates by using the overlay of 7-ACA sensitive strain (SS5). 7-ACA produced from cephalosporin C by an isolate (APS20) was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The isolated strain (APS20) was identified to Bacillus macerans on the basis of cellular fatty acid profile by gas chromatography. Bacillus macerans APS20 had no $\beta $-lacta-mase activity on cephalosporin C, and that is very important for the enzymatic production process of 7-ACA. However, this strain was resistant up to 100 $\mu $g/ml of cephalosporin C.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2006

Flat Panel Displays (FPDs) have made a revolution in the display industry. TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) has been the main player of FPD for last two decades. As the industry continuously develops the technology for better performance with lower cost is constantly demanded where several post LCD technologies are being developed. One of the prime candidates of post LCD technology is AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode) that is considered to be an ideal FPD due to its extraordinary display performance and potentially low cost display structure. This technology has been accepted to small size display applications, such as cellular phone, PDA and PMP, etc. In this paper it is discussed that how this technology can be extended to large size display applications, such as TV. The technical issues and solutions of TFT backplane and color patterning of OLED materials are discussed and proposed

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.384-386
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• 1996

Application of polyacrylamide gel (PAG) instead of agar to solid cultures of Streptomyces spp. was studied. The improved media were prepared by 1) gelling 20 ml of 5% acrylamide in a glass petri dish at room temperature, 2) washing by running water for more than 8 hr to remove residual reaction reagents, 3) drying at 5$0^{\circ}C$ for 12 hr to make a gel film, 4) autoclaving at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, and 5) swelling gel for about 4 hr by adding sterile liquid medium. In PAG media there were no differences from the observation of morphological characteristics showing during the cellular differentiation on agar media, whereas the ability to utilize carbohydrates differed somewhat from agar media. Agar media thus were little favorable for biochemical tests which the growth was determined depending on the formation of colony, but washed PAG was superior to serve as a solidifying agent.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1967

The environmental effects on radio-sensitivities of Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied; Liquid suspensions of Lactobacillus and yeast were gamma-irradiated under various conditions; temperatures, hydrogen ion concentrations, amino acids and vitamins were treated seperately with variations of concentrations. (shown in figures) It is found that simultaneous heat treatment is effective to sterilize microorganisms than pre after treatment, and concentration of hydrogen ion does not affect the lethalty of yeast but or Lactobacilli was affect at the range of pH. 5.0 to 7.0. Ascorbic acid, thiamin and pyridoxine were protective dependently against lethal action of gamma-ray and its protective effects increase with the increasings of concentrations. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, tyrosine and phenylalanine were proved to be protective for both strains at 0.1 between 1.0 percent. It can be suggested that industrial sterilizing doses of irradiation by gamma-ray for food should be applied more than those dose of saline or buffer suspension, because natural food stuffs are rich of vitamins and amino acids.