• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.208-217
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• 1993

벼멸구의 식이행동을 전기적인 측정 방법을 통하여 관찰하였으며 이들을 각각의 특성에 따라 분류하였고, 그결과 type P, S, SB, O, X, Ph 등 6가지로 나누어 볼 수 있었다. Type P는 벼멸구가 식물에체 처음 접근하여 기주를 탐색할 때 볼 수 있었으며, 구침을 조직내에 찔어 넣거나조직내에서 이동할 때에는 type S를 관찰 할 수 있었다. 또한 매우 규칙적인 S패턴은 체관부에 구침을 찔어 넣을때만 볼 수 있어 type SB로 따로이 분류하였다. X와 Ph패턴은 각각 물관부와 채관부에서 흡즙할 때 나타나는 것을 확인하였으며, type O는 기타 다른 조직내에 구침이 있을 때 이러한 전기적 패턴을 보여 주었다. 이러한 각각의 전기적 패턴을 확인하기 위하여 원하는 패턴이 나타날 때에 식흔이 있는 벼의 조직을 잘라서 현미경으로 관찰하였으며, 각각의 타입별로 벼멸구 배설물을 측정하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2017

Based on the super elastic properties of the shape memory alloy (SMA) and the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric (PZT) ceramics, a kind of hybrid semi-active control device was designed and made, its mechanical properties test was done under different frequency and different voltage. The local search ability of genetic algorithm is poor, which would fall into the defect of prematurity easily. A kind of adaptive immune memory cloning algorithm(AIMCA) was proposed based on the simulation of clone selection and immune memory process. It can adjust the mutation probability and clone scale adaptively through the way of introducing memory cell and antibody incentive degrees. And performance indicator based on the modal controllable degree was taken as antigen-antibody affinity function, the optimization analysis of damper layout in a space truss structure was done. The structural seismic response was analyzed by applying the neural network prediction model and T-S fuzzy logic. Results show that SMA and PZT friction composite damper has a good energy dissipation capacity and stable performance, the bigger voltage, the better energy dissipation ability. Compared with genetic algorithm, the adaptive immune memory clone algorithm overcomes the problem of prematurity effectively. Besides, it has stronger global searching ability, better population diversity and faster convergence speed, makes the damper has a better arrangement position in structural dampers optimization leading to the better damping effect.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2025-2029
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• 2012

Objective: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the metabolism of folate and nucleotides needed for DNA synthesis and repair. Variations in MTHFR functions likely play roles in the etiology of lung cancer (LC). So far, several studies between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and LC provide controversial or inconclusive results. Methods: To better assess the purported relationship, we performed a meta-analysis of 14 publications. Eligible studies were identified by searching the Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the association. Results: Overall, no significant association was detected between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and LC risk, the same as in race subgroup. However, in the stratified analysis by histological type, significantly increased non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk was indicated (T-allele vs. C-allele: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03-1.19; TT vs. CC: OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.09-1.41; TC vs. CC: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03-1.20 and TT+TC vs. CC: OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.03-1.15). At the same time, ever-smokers who carried T-allele (TT+TC) had a 10% decreased LC risk compared with CC genotype carriers. Conclusions: Our study provided evidence that the MTHFR 677T null genotype may increase NSCLC risk, however, it may protect ever-smokers against LC risk. Future studies with large sample sizes are warranted to further evaluate this association in more detail.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3155-3158
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• 2013

Many published studies have concerned associations between the CYP1A2 -163 C>A polymorphism and risk of lung cancer, but the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to obtain a more precise estimate. We searched the PubMed database up to March 1, 2013 for relevant cohort and case-control studies. Supplementary search was conducted manually by searching the references of the included studies and relevant meta-analyses. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software for calculation of pooled odds ratios (ORs) and relevant 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after data extraction. Finally, seven case-control studies and one nested case-control study involving 1,675 lung cancer patients and 2,393 controls were included. The meta-analysis showed that there was no association of CYP1A2 -163 C>A polymorphism with risk of lung cancer overall [(OR=0.89, 95%CI= 0.74-1.07) for C vs. A; (OR=0.73, 95%CI= 0.50-1.07) for AA vs. CC ; (OR=0.82, 95%CI= 0.62-1.09) for AC vs. CC; (OR=0.79, 95%CI= 0.58-1.07) for (AC+AA) vs. CC; and (OR=0.87, 95%CI= 0.67-1.13) for AA vs. (CC+AC)]. Subgroup analysis indicated that there was an associationbetween CYP1A2 -163C>A polymorphism and lung cancer risk for population-based controls, a trend risk for SCCL (squamous cell carcinoma of lung) and Caucasians. These results suggested that -163 C>A polymorphism is likely to be associated with risk of lung cancer compared with population-based controls.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2011

This study tried to integrate the traditional oriental medical theories and results of experimental studies of herbaceous plants on anti-diabetes. And I tried to analyze recent experimental study trend on the anti-diabetic herb. I searched anti-diabetic herb studies on 4 korean databases and 10 korean journals by keywords, 'diabetes', 'blood glucose', 'glycometabolism', 'pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell', etc. In order to see detail review, searching was performed from 2000 to 2010. And I searched 125 study cases concerning anti-diabetic herb and 72 varieties herbaceous plants used in study of anti-diabetes. and I analyzed the choice motives of each herb for anti-diabetic study, the extract methods and anti-diabetic evaluation contents. And I analyzed anti-diabetic herbs from a traditional oriental medical point of view. When the researchers chose herb for anti-diabetic experiment, just 8.8% of the choice was based on the oriental medical evidences. I found that 60.6% of the herb shown to be effective in diabetes experimentally had oriental medical theory-based Properties(性). There were studies with whole plants(16.8%), aqueous extract(45.6%), methanol extract(8.0%), ethanol extract(8.0%) and comparative studies of more than 2 types of extracts or various fractions(18.4%). The most frequent experimental diabetic models was diabetic mouse induced by streptozotocin(STZ)(87.8%). And there were db/db mouse(6.7%), ob/ob mouse(1.1%), etc. 33.6% of all studies just measured hematological indices of diabetes, and 66.4% researches analyzed details. To improve herbaceous plants study on diabetes, we oriental medical scientists have to integrate the oriental medical theories and results of experimental studies.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

Psoriasis is an auto-immune skin disease, which is characterized by the excessive generation of plaques on the skin with typically a long-lasting red, itchy and scaly symptoms. Imiquimod, which has been used for the treatment of external genital warts, actinic keratosis, and superficial basal cell carcinoma, induced of psoriasis-like skin disorders with skin erythema and thickness in mice. In the present study, we tried to find the bioactive herbal extract against imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin disorder in mice. During the searching of the herbal extract with anti-psoriatic effect, the ethanolic extract of Cnidium officinale ameliorated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin disorder in mice. The morphological evaluation, H&E staining and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score showed that ear and back thickness, and erythema induced by imiquimod were significantly reversed after the treatment of the cream of the ethanolic extract of C. officinale. The overexpressed myeloperoxidase (MPO) and keratin 6A levels were decreased by the treatment of C. officinale cream. Also, $IFN-{\gamma}$, c-fos and $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ mRNA levels, which are related to the progression of psoriasis, were reduced by C. officinale cream. Thus, the ethanolic extract of C. officinale ameliorated psoriasis-like skin disorder induced by imiquimod and might be the therapeutic agent for psoriasis.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1994

Drug delivery system by the use of red blood cells was established to sustain the release of drugs in the circulatory system by the intravenous injection. The entrapment method by the preswelling technique was re-examined and evaluated for searching the new entrapping conditions without hemolysis. The addition of 4 volume of $0.6{\times}\;hank's$ balanced salt solution (HBSS) into 1 volume of 50% red blood cells suspension did not induce the hemolysis and change the hematocrit level in this experimental condition (within 15 min). Most of daunorubicin could be entrapped into red blood cells within 15 min. While the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level followed by the entrapment was reduced to 86% of normal ATP level, the membrane fluidity and the shape factor of red blood cells were not altered. The release rate of daunorubicin from red blood cells was affected by the hemolysis under this condition. To maintain the intracellular ATP in red blood cells, the new reaction buffer was made With the addition of ATP and sodium pyruvate during the entrapment procedure because the hemolysis during the release test would reflect the loss of intracellular ATP that might result in the decrease of the viability in vivo. The addition of ATP raised the intracellular ATP level, which protect the hemolysis during the release test.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2005

초파리는 유전학, 발달 생물학, 행동 유전학, 노화 연구에 이르기까지 수많은 연구에 이용 되어져 왔다. 최근 초파리 전체 유전자의 염기서열이 보고되었으며, 유전자의 기능 분석과 발현 단백질에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 야생형 초파리에서 추출한 단백질을 이차원 전기영동을 통해 400여개 이상의 단백질 스폿으로 분리하였으며, 각 스폿을 적출하여 트립신으로 처리하여 얻어진 펩타이드 단편을 MALDI-TOF-MS를 이용한 펩타이드 지문 검색으로 질량을 측정하였다. 측정된 질량을 초파리 데이터 베이스를 이용하여 분리한 단백질을 동정함으로써 59개의 유전자에서 발현되는 65개의 단백질 스폿을 동정하였다. 이러한 결과는 향후의 발생단계, 외부 자극, 노화 등에 관련되는 특이적 단백질 연구의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.37-65
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• 2003

새로운 주름개선 효능물질을 개발하기 위하여 여러 가지 세포배양 모델을 이용한 in vitro 효능물질의 검색방법을 이용하여 후보물질을 도출하고 있다. 이처럼 In vitro에서 선별된 주름개선 후보물질은 사람피부에 직접 도포 하였을 때 in vitro에서 와 는 달리 주름개선 효능이 없는 경우가 많이 있다. 즉 in vitro 검색결과와 사람피부에서의 효능은 현실적으로 큰 차이를 보인다는 것이다. 그러나 모든 효능 후보물질을 사람 피부에 직접 검사할 수는 없는 현실적 어려움이 있다. 이러한 애로점을 해결하기 위하여, 동물모델이나, 인공피부배양모델 등을 이용하는 추세이다. 이번 강의에서, 본인은 동물모델과 in vitro에서 효능 측정방법을 상세하게 리뷰 하고 각 방법에 대해 토의할 것이며, 임상 전 시험 결과를 보고 할 것이다. 그 중 특히 동물 모델은 주름개선 효능물질의 효능을 평가하는데 좋은 대상이 될 것이다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is (1) to investigate the historic changes and pharmacological efficacies of Woohwangchungsim-won and (2) to discuss the necessities for Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications. Methods: This study was performed through (1) investigating the ancient literature records related with Woohwangchungsim-won and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's composition, dosage and indications, (2) searching articles about Woohwangchungsim-won on 10 major Korean web and 3 major foreign web article search engines and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacies and indications. Results: Woohwangchungsim-wom has been used for cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and palpitation. Also, there are some ancient literature records of Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. In addition, there have been a number of experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's neuroprotective effect on cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury. So, it is possible to infer that Woohwangchungsim-won can be used for the treatments of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with neuronal cell death in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. But there have been no or less experimental studies which demonstrate the pharmacological efficacy of Woohwangchungsim-won on such disease. Conclusion: It is necessary that further experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacy on neuropsychiatric disorders should be done and Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications should be expanded on the basis of those related experimental results.