• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.461-470
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• 1998

The effects of addition of water extract of pine needle(WEPN) on texture and cell wall polysac-charides content of kimchi during fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Textural properties of hardness, gumminess and cohesiveness of kimchi were higher for WEPN-added kimchi than for the control during the entire fermentation periods, while its adhesiveness was lower. Alcohol insoluble substance, among cell wall polysaccharide fractions of kimchi was higher in WEPN-added kimchi than in the control but water soluble materals was high in control during fermentation periods. The separation phenomenon of middle lamella of control kimchi tissue was observed at 14th days of fermentation but WEPN-added kimchi showed at 21th days fermentation. The vasular of kimchi tissue was more destroyed in control than in WEPN-added kimchi.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.819-822
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• 1971

For this investigation, author isolated Streptococcus mitis strain SD-9 from the bacterial flora in the human dental plaque, which was incubated in brain-heart infusion media containing 5% sucrose at 37℃ for 24 hours. For the cytochemical demonstration of polysaccharide produced by this strain, a modified thiosemicarbazide osmium method (Critchley et al., 1967) was used. After fixation with this reagent, the harvested cells was suspended in 1% agar for the higher concentration of cells(Kellenberger et al., 1964). And they were dehydrated in the various concentration of ethanol, and embedded in Epon 812(Luft, 1961). Sectioning was done with the Sorvall MT-2 Porter Blum ultramicrotome by means of a glass knife, and the sections were stained with saturated uranyl acetate and lead citrate (Raynolds, 1963). All preparations were examined in a electron microscope, Hitachi HU-ll E-1 type. The morphological features of extracellular polysaccharide produced by Streptococcus mitis strain SD-9 were appeared in 3 structurally different forms, those are, electron dense fibrillar material linearly arranged adjacent to the outer surface of cell wall, highly electron dense globular material adjacent to the outer surface of cell wall, and strutureless fluffy meshwork of possible very fine filament.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.738-742
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• 1990

Cell wall components were decreased during maturation and postharvest of persimmon fruits. Contents of pectin and alkali-soluble hemicellulose were increased during maturity, but those of acid-soluble hemicellulose were decreased. Contents of pectin and alkali-soluble hemicellulose were decrease in soft persimmon, whereas acid-soluble hemicellulose was increased remarkably. Cellulose contents were increased during maturation and this tend was notable in soft persimmon. Contents of cell wall polysaccharides per 100g-fresh weight were decreased. Contents of total pectin and insoluble pectin were increased during maturation but decreased in soft persimmon. Content of water-soluble pectin was increased during maturation and postharvest.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.226-229
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• 2016

The growth of two different fungal species, human pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans and plant pathogenic Alternaria alternata were inhibited by a chitinase (Chi2) expressed in the autolysing tissue of Coprinellus congregatus. The cell wall thickness was reduced (up to 32%) in C. neoformans compared with that of normal cell, and polysaccharide fibers located outside of the cell wall were also severely removed. The hyphal growth of A. alternata on agar plate was stopped by the enzyme. The allergic inflammation induced by A. alternata was reduced by the enzyme reaction when compared with untreated control in a mouse model.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1992

A mechanistic study by which Cadmium-tolerant P.Putida C1 accumulates high conc of Cd in its cell body was performed. Approximately 57% Cd accumulated was distributed on the cell wall and the other 43% portion was in cytoplasm. 84% Cd of the Cd in the cell wall fractions present in the polyphosphate-polysaccharide fractions, but most of Cd in the cytoplasm fraction was in protein and nucleic acid. Cadmium affected the protein synthesis in P. Putida. The intracellular protein content was decreased by cadmium addition, but the soluble protein precipitated by ammonium sulfate($30{\sim}75%$ satruation) was increased as compared to that from the cells grwon without cadmium. Furthermore, in the cells grown with of cadmium, high-molecular-weight soluble protein was increased, with of cadmium, high-molecular-weight soluble protein was increased, compared with the cells grown without cadmium, but low-molecular-weight soluble protein was decreased. These results indicate that Cd inhibited the intracellular protein biosynthesis but enhance biosynthesis of the high-molecular-weight soluble protein precipitate by ammonium sulfate($30{\sim}75%$ saturation).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.290-301
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• 2014

The first purpose of this review is to outline some of the background information necessary to understand the mechanisms of action of fibre-degrading enzymes in non-ruminants. Secondly, the well-known and understood mechanisms are described, i) eliminating the nutrient encapsulating effect of the cell wall and ii) ameliorating viscosity problems associated with certain Non Starch Polysaccharides, particularly arabinoxylans and ${\beta}$-glucans. A third, indirect mechanism is then discussed: the activity of such enzymes in producing prebiotic oligosaccharides and promoting beneficial cecal fermentation. The literature contains a wealth of information on various non starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme (NSPase) preparations and this review aims to conclude by discussing this body of work, with reference to the above mechanisms. It is suggested that the way in which multi- versus single-component products are compared is often flawed and that some continuity should be employed in methods and terminology.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.299-301
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• 2018

Microbulbifer agarilyticus GP101 was isolated from the gut of a marine invertebrate Turbo cornutus and capable of degrading polysaccharide such as agar, alginate, and ${\kappa}$-carrageenan constituting algal cell wall. To obtain genomic basis of polysaccharide-degrading activity, we sequenced genome of strain GP101. The genome consists of 4,255,625 bp, 3,458 coding sequences with 55.4% G + C contents. BLASTP search revealed the presence of seven agarases, five alginate lyases, ten glucanases, four chitinases, two xylanases, one ${\kappa}$-carrageenase, and one laminarinase. The genomic data of strain GP101 will provide potential uses in the bioconversion process of diverse polysaccharide into bioenergy and biochemicals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.379-385
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• 2011

Ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and acetyl esterase (AE) cleave feruloyl groups substituted at the 5'-OH group of arabinosyl residues and acetyl groups substituted at O-2/O-3 of the xylan backbone, respectively, of arabinoxylans in the cell wall of grasses. In this study, the enzyme profiles of FAE, AE and polysaccharide hydrolases of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix sp. YQ1 grown on Chinese wildrye grass hay (CW) or alfalfa hay (AH) were investigated by two $2{\times}4$ factorial experiments, each in 10-day pure cultures. The treatments consisted of two glucose levels ($G^+$: glucose at 1.0 g/L, $G^-$: no glucose) and four N sources (N1: 1.0 g/L yeast extract, 1.0 g/L tryptone and 0.5 g/L $(NH_4)_2SO_4$; N2: 2.8 g/L yeast extract and 0.5 g/L $(NH_4)_2SO_4$; N3: 1.6 g/L tryptone and 0.5 g/L $(NH_4)_2SO_4$; N4: 1.4 g/L tryptone and 1.7 g/L yeast extract) in defined media. The optimal combinations of glucose level and N source for the fungus on CW, instead of AH, were $G^-N4$ and $G^-N3$ for maximum production of FAE and AE, respectively. Xylanase activity peaked on day 4 and day 6 for the fungus grown on CW and AH, respectively. The activities of esterases were positively correlated with those of xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulase. The fungus grown on CW exhibited a greater volatile fatty acid production than on AH with a greater release of ferulic acid from plant cell wall.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate changes in the flesh firmness, evolution of ethylene, cell wall components, and degradation and solubilization of polyuronide(PU) and polysaccharide(PS) in green(GP) and mature persimmon(MP) fruits according to testing time of ethylene(50${\mu}\ell$ㆍL$^{-1}$ ). When ethylene was treated in GP and MP, flesh firmness rapidly decreased and it was decreased more GP than MP. When ethylene were treated for 12 hours in GP, production of ethylene began after 3 days. The amount of ethylene product was maximum 16,000 ${\mu}\ell$ㆍL$^{-1}$ at 24 hours of ethylene treatment. However, ethylene was not producted until 7 days after 24 hours ethylene treatment at MP. The content of pectic substances decreased in the distilled- water, 0.05M $Na_2$CO$_3$,4M and 8M KOH-soluble fractions during softening according to increasing time of ethylene treatment. Arabinose and galactose were the major non-cellulosic neutral sugars in the 0.05M CDTA and 0.05M $Na_2$CO$_3$-soluble pectic fractions. Glucose, galactose and xylose were the major non-cellulosic neutral sugars in the 4M KOH- soluble hemicellulosic fraction. High molecular of PU and PS were degraded and solubilized in the distilled-water, 0.05M CDTA 0.05M $Na_2$CO$_3$ and 4M KOH-soluble fractions during time of ethylene treatment.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 1995

Alginic acid is a hydrophilic , colloidal polysaccharide obtained from cell wall of seaweed or brown algae and has a broad range of applications. Alginlc acid becomes alginate gel bead due to its cation-induced gelation. Dried alginate beads can be reswollen according to environmental pH. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible applicability of alginate beads as an oral controlled release system of ibuprofen. In this experiment ibuprofen was incorporated in alginate beads and alginate beads were treated with various methods. Ibuprofen release from alginate beads in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was laster than in distilled water and dilute HCl. The release of ibuprofen was more sustained in bead than simple mixture and coprecipitate of ibuprofen and sodium alginate. The dissolution rate of ibuprofen was decreased in using of bead that hardened with formaldehyde. The dissolution rate of the drug from the bead was the fastest in 12 hour dried beads, 1.5%-sodium alginate concentration and 1%-calcium chloride concentration. Sodium alginate bead can be used as a sustaind release drug delivery system of water-insoluble drugs.