• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1082-1094
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• 2023

본 연구는 무김치에서 우점균인 Leuconostoc속의 균주 특성을 살펴보고 유용한 균주를 발굴하여 소재화하기 위해 수행되었는데, 이들 Leuconostoc속 4균주의 효소학적 특성, 안전성 평가, 및 면역증강 효과는 양성대조구 LGG와 함께 비교·분석하였다. 효소활성 평가에서 모든 시험균주들은 벤조피렌과 같은 발암성 전구물질 생성과 연관된 β-glucuronidase 효소활성을 갖고 있지 않았고, β-1,4 당쇄결합을 유리시키는 β-glucosidase 효소활성을 나타내어 식품, 세제, 화학 등 여러 산업 분야로의 활용성을 기대할 수 있는 특징을 보유하고 있었다. 또한, 시험균주들에 대한 항생제 내성 평가결과는 8종 항생제들에 대해 MIC 값이 EFSA 기준치 이하로 감수성을 나타내었다. 용혈성 현상 실험 결과, 4종의 시험균주와 양성대조구로 사용된 LGG균은 모두 용혈능이 없는 감마 용혈 현상을 나타내었고, 병원성 미생물 4종에 대한 항균활성 결과에서도 Leu. mesenteroides K2-4 균주가 B. cereus와 Sta. aureus에 대하여 각각 19±0과 20±0 mm의 억제환을 나타내었는데, 이는 양성대조구인 LGG균보다 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 대식세포 RAW cell에 시험균주들을 처리하였을 때 NF-kB/AP-1 전사인자의 활성도는 모든 유산균주가 처리 농도가 낮을수록 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 이들 세포들에 의해 염증성매개물질 중 TNF-α와 IL-6의 생성량 역시 시험균주의 처리 농도가 낮을수록 높은 값을 보였는데, 특히 Leu. mesenteroides K2-4 균주는 모든 항목에서 다른 균주들에 비해 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 또한, mRNA 수준에서 TNF-α와 IL-6 발현량 역시 통계적 유의수준(p<0.05)으로 높은 활성을 저농도에서 처리하였을 때 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 따라서 이들 균주들이 분비한 사이토카인들은 T세포와 B세포를 자극하여 체내 면역체계를 활성화시켜 면역증강에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 종합적으로 본 연구에서 사용한 모든 Leuconostoc 균주들은 효소활성과 안전성이 확인되었는데, 그 중 Leu. mesenteroides K2-4균주가 높은 면역활성능을 보여, 향후 면역 기능 개선을 위한 건강기능식품 개발을 위한 후보소재로서 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.474-485
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• 2024

본 연구는 6개월 미만의 4명의 영아 분변에서 생육이 용이한 우점균을 분리하였고, 이들 중 Lactobacillus속의 유용한 균주를 발굴, 이를 이용하여 발효시켜 제조한 미나리 배양물에 대한 기능적 특성을 살펴보았다. 8주의 분리균주들 중 항생제 내성, 용혈성 등의 안전성을 확인한 후, L. rhamnosus L28과 L. reuteri 11-2 등 2주를 항염증 효능 평가를 위해 선발하였다. 선발한 시험균주 단독과 이들로 미나리를 발효시켜 제조한 미나리발효물 등의 시료들을 각각 처리하여 병원성 세균 4종에 대한 생육 억제능을 살펴본 결과, L. rhamnosus L28 균주 단독처리만으로도 양성대조구인 L. rhamnosus LGG균에 비해 B. cereus와 Sta. aureus 등에 대한 높은 항균활성을 나타내었고, 이 균주를 이용하여 발효시킨 미나리배양물(Oj+L28) 역시도 동일한 병원균들에 대해 25.03±0.00-36.14±0.00 mm의 범위로 억제환을 나타내어 높은 유해균 생육 억제능을 보였다. 또한, LPS로 자극시켜 대식세포 RAW cell에서 분비된 NF-kB/AP-1 전사인자, 활성산소(NO) 및 염증성 매개물질(TNF-α와 IL-6)의 활성 또는 생성량 억제 정도를 살펴본 결과, 양성대조구(LGG) 대비 시험균주 L. rhamnosus L28 단독 처리와 이 균으로 제조한 미나리 발효물(Oj+L28) 처리구는 항염증 효능을 나타내는 모든 지표에서 통계적 유의수준(p<0.05)으로 높은 억제 활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 사이토카인 IL-6 항목에서 L. rhamnosus L28 단독 처리의 억제율이 처리량별로 83, 96 및 99%로 L. reuteri 11-2균주보다 높은 억제 효과를 보였으며, Oj+L28 발효물 역시도 59-72%로 Oj 원액 및 Oj+LGG 배양물보다 낮은 생성량을 보였다. 또한 염증성 매개물질인 TNF-α와 IL-6의 생성량 역시도 L. rhamnosus L28 단독 처리 시 통계적 유의수준(p<0.05)으로 가장 낮은 값을 보여, LPS와 같은 항원 제시에 의해 자극된 면역세포의 기능조절에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 처음으로 발굴한 L. rhamnosus L28 균주와 이 균주로 발효시켜 제조한 미나리발효물의 높은 항염증 효과를 확인하여, 향후 동물시험 수준의 효능검증 및 기전 구명 등 심화연구를 통해 건강기능성 소재로서의 활용성을 높이고자 한다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.236-247
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• 2024

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 시스템은 주조직 적합성 복합체(major histocompatibility complex, MHC)의 일부분으로, 자가 세포와 비자가 세포 및 항원을 구분하여 면역 반응에서 중요한 역할을 한다. HLA allele의 다양한 변이는 질병감수성과 면역 반응에 영향을 미치며, 이는 각기 다른 인구 집단에서 차이가 난다. 특히, HLA-A와 HLA-DRB1 allele은 다양한 면역 관련 질환과 연관되어 있어, 이러한 유전자의 빈도와 haplotype의 연관성을 이해하는 것이 유전학적 및 면역학적 연구에서 매우 중요하다. 한국인에서 이러한 특성의 분포를 조사하기 위해, 서울중앙혈액원에 헌혈한 자원자들의 혈액에서 peripheral blood mononuclear cell을 분리하고, 790명의 샘플에 대해 HLA 유전자형 분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, HLA-A와 HLA-DRB1 allele은 한국인 집단에서 널리 분포하고 있으며, HLA-A^*24:02 (21.7%)와 HLA-DRB1^*09:01 (9.9%)이 가장 빈번하게 나타났다. 특정 HLA-A와 HLA-DRB1 allele 간의 중요한 haplotype 연관성이 카이제곱 검정을 통해 확인되었으며, 이는 특정 유전자 조합이 질병 발병에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 통찰은 질병에 대한 예측 및 예방전략 개발에 기여할 수 있다. 한국인 집단의 독특한 유전적 특성은 이 그룹에서 HLA allele과 haplotype 분포를 연구하는 것이 질병 감수성을 이해하는 중요한 지표임을 강조한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.125-137
• /
• 1974

Selenomonas ruminantium 균체(菌體)를 TCA로 가열(加熱) 분해(分解)한 후 chloroform : methanol (1 : 3)로 추출(抽出)한 당지질(糖脂質)을 분리(分離)하고 이 당지질(糖脂質)을 acetone가용부분(可溶部分) spot A화합물(化合物)과 acetone불용부분(不溶部分)에서 ether로 다시 가용부분(可溶部分)을 추출(抽出)한 spot B화합물(化合物)의 두 부분(部分)으로 분리(分離)하고 이 두 화합물(化合物)에 대(對)하여 각각(各各) 그 화학구조(化學構造)를 구명(究明)하며 당지질(糖脂質)의 구조(構造)를 추정(推定)한 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 두 화합물(化合物)의 적외선흡수분석결과(赤外線吸收分析結果) spot A는 amino당(糖)에 O-acyl 및 N-acyl지방산(脂肪酸)이 결합(結合)하였으며 spot B는 amino당(糖)에 O-acyl 및 N-acyl지방산(脂肪酸)이 결합(結合)하고 인(燐)을 함유(含有)하고 있음을 알았다. 2. 두 화합물(化合物)을 GLC에 의(依)하여 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)을 조사(調査)한 바 spot A.B화합물중(化合物中)에 있는 O-acyl 및 N-acyl 지방산(脂肪酸)은 ${\beta}-OH\;C_{13:0}$지방산(脂肪酸)이 대부분(大部分)이 였는데 저급(低級)의 hydroxy지방산(脂肪酸) ${\beta}-OH\;C_{9:0}$도 특이적(特異的)으로 함유(含有)되여 있음을 알았다. 3. 두 화합물(化合物)을 hydrazine분해(分解)를 시킨 결과(結果)를 paper chromatography로 조사(調査)한 바 spot A화합물(化合物)은 glucosamine 이 2분자(分子) 결합(結合)하여 있는 chitobiose와 같은 Rf 치(値)를 나타냈음으로 2분자(分子)의 glucosamine이 결합(結合)됨을 확인(確認)하고 spot B 화합물(化合物)의 낮은 Rf치(値)는 glucosamine에 인(燐)이 결합(結合)되여 있음을 알았다. 4. spotA화합물(化合物)의 산분해물(酸分解物)을 다시 ninbydrine으로 산화분해(酸化分解) 시키면 arabinose만이 생기는 것으로 보아 glucosamine의 amino기(基)는 $C_2$의 위치(位置)에 결합(結合)하여 있음을 알았다. 5. N-acetyl화(化)한 spot A에 $NaBH_4$를 추리(處理)한 결과(結果) glucosamine의 전량(全量)이 반감(半減)하는 것으로 보아 2분자(分子)의 glucosamine이 결합(結合)되여 있는 것을 알 수 있고 Morgan-Elson반응(反應) 및 $NaIO_4$분해(分解)에 의(依)하여 2개(個)의 glucosamine은 1.6결합(結合)임을 확인(確認)하였다. 6. N-acetyl화(化)한 spot A.B화합물(化合物)에 ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ glucosarninidase를 반응(反應)시킨 결과(結果) spot A화합물(化合物)은 100% N-acetyl glucosamine으로 분해(分解)되고 spot B화합물(化合物)은 분해(分解)되지 않았으므로 spot A화합물(化合物)만이 ${\beta}$결합(結合)을 하고 있음을 알았다. 7. $^{32}P$함유(含有) spot B화합물(化合物)에 phosphodiesterase 및 phosphomonoesterase를 작용(作用)시킨 결과(結果) phosphodiesterase는 반응(反應)치 않고 phosphomonoesterase에 의(依)하여 100% $^{32}P$가 유리(遊離)되는 것으로 보아 glucosamine 2분자(分子)에 한계의 인(燐)이 monoester결합(結合)을 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 8. spot A화합물(化合物)은 glucosaminiyl ${\beta}-1.6-glucosamine$의 결합(結合)을 하였고 O-acyl 및 N-acyl지방산(脂肪酸)이 결합(結合)되여 있으며 주지방산(主脂肪酸)은 ${\beta}-OH\;C_{13:0}$임을 알았다. 9. spot B화합물(化合物)도 glucosaminyl ${\beta}-1.6-glucosamine$의 결합(結合)을 하고 O-acyl 및 N-acyl지방산(脂肪酸)이 결합(結合)되여 있으며 주지방산(主脂肪酸)은 ${\beta}-OH\;C_{13:0}$이나 인(燐)이 monoester결합(結合)을 하고 있는 것이 spot A화합물(化合物)과 특이(特異)함을 알았다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
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• pp.975-988
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• 2010

본 연구는 무항생제 닭고기 생산을 위한 성장촉진용 항생제를 대체할 천연생리활성물질 개발을 목표로 실험 1에서는 인진쑥 및 녹차의 추출수율, 총 페놀화합물 함량, 항산화 활성, 항균 활성 및 면역 활성을 in vitro 실험을 통해 구명하는 한편, 실험 2에서는 이들 추출물을 육계에 음수 급여하여 생산성, 조직 및 소장의 변화, 장내 미생물 균총, 혈액 특성 및 비장 cytokines mRNA 발현량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 인진쑥 및 녹차 추출물의 추출수율은 각각 16.8%, 26.5% 이었으며, 총 페놀화합물 함량은 15.28 및 26.74 GE mg/mL이었다. 또한 이들 추출물의 항산화, 항균 활성 및 닭의 splenocyte 증식에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, DPPH radical을 50% 감소시키는 농도인 $SC_{50}$은 각각 0.30 mg, 0.06 mg으로 나타냈으며, 유해균 3종(E. coli, S. aureus, S. Typhimurium)에 대해 항균 활성은 인진쑥 추출물이 33.7%, 21.6%, 28.5%, 녹차 추출물이 52.3%, 42.1%, 45.6%의 성장 저해율을 나타냈다. 닭의 splenocyte 증식에도 효과가 나타냈는데, 특히 인진쑥 추출물은 2.5 ${\mu}L$, 5.0 ${\mu}L$ 농도에서 림프구분열촉진인자로 알려진 Echinacea 및 concanavalin A보다 우수한 세포 증식도를 보였다. 실험 1에서 항산화, 항균 및 면역조절효과가 확인된 인진쑥, 녹차 추출물을 육계에 음수 급여한 결과, 인진쑥, 녹차 추출물 처리구가 무항생제 대조구(NC)에 비해 종료체중 및 증체량이 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 맹장 내 Salmonella 수에서는 무항생제 대조구(NC)에 비해 유의하게 감소하거나, 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 혈액 생화학 조성에 있어서는 인진쑥, 녹차 추출물 처리시 총콜레스테롤, 간 및 신장의 이상 측정 지표인 AST 및 ALT가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 본 연구를 통해 인진쑥 및 녹차 추출물의 생리활성효과를 구명하였으며, 이들 추출물은 육계 생산성을 향상시키고 유해균의 성장 및 증식을 억제시켜 장내 미생물 균총 안정화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 한편, 조직 발달 및 혈액 성상에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않아 항생제 대체제로서의 이용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.174-190
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• 1986

조직배양(組織培養) 방법(方法)을 이용(利用)하여 제초제(除草劑)의 작용성(作用性) 및 제초제저항성(除草劑抵抗性) 검정방법(檢定方法)의 개선(改善)의 가능성(可能性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위해 1985년(年)~1986년(年)까지 2개년(個年)에 걸쳐 영남작물시험장(嶺南作物試驗場) 온실(溫室) 및 조직배양실험실(組織培養實驗室)에서 일련(一連)의 시험(試驗)을 진행(進行)하였던 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 제초제(除草劑) 작용성(作用成)을 연구(硏究)하는 데 사용(使用)되는 배지조건(培地條件)으로서는 기존의 MS, $N_6$, $N_6-Y_1$ 등(等)의 배지(培地)는 벼 자체(自體)의 생육(生育)을 50%이상(以上) 억제(抑制)하므로 현미배양배지(玄米培養培地)로서는 적합(適合)하지 않았으며, 생장조절제(生長調節劑)가 첨가(添加)되지 않은 순수한천배지(純粹寒天培地)를 이용(利用)하는 것이 바람직하였다. 2) 현미배양방법(玄米培養方法)에 있어서 제초제(除草劑)의 농도반응(濃度反應)을 뚜렷이 밝힐 수 있었으며, 대부분(大部分)의 수도용제초제(水稻用除草劑)은 지상부생육(地上部生育)보다 지하부생육(地下部生育) 억제정도(抑制程度)가 더 큰 것으로 나타났고, 광(光)의 유무(有無), 제초제(除草劑) 흡수부위(吸收部位)에 따라 작용성(作用性)의 차이(差異)를 보였는데 butachlor, 2,4-D, propanil은 광(光)이 있는 상태(狀態)에서, 그리고 DPX-F5384와 CGA 14264는 광(光)이 없는 상태(狀態)에서 생육억제(生育抑制) 영향(影響)이 컸다. 그리고 흡수부위(吸水部位) 반응(反應)에 있어서는 butachlor, chlornitrofen, oxadiazon, BAS-514는 근부(根部)와 유아부(幼芽部)를 동시(同時)에 제초제(除草劑)에 접촉(接觸)됨으로서 벼에 대(對)한 약해정도(藥害程度)가 증가(增加)되었고, 그 외(外) 제초제(除草劑)는 두 접촉방법간(接觸方法間)에 큰 차이(差異)를 보이지 않았다. 한편 피(E. crusgalli)의 경우도 비슷한 경향(傾向)이었으나, 전반적(全般的)으로 벼보다는 생육억제(生育抑制) 정보(程度)가 월등(越等)히 높았으나 butachlor, 2,4-D, chlornitrofen, oxadiazon, pyrazolate 및 BAS-514는 근부(根部)만 접촉(接觸)시켜도 피의 엽록소(葉綠素) 생합성(生合性)을 억제(抑制)시킬 뿐 아니라 생육(生育)이 거의 진전(進展)되지 않았으며, 그 외(外) 제초제(除草劑)들은 근부(根部)와 유아부(幼芽部)를 함께 접촉(接觸)시켜 주는 것이 바람직하였다. 3) 수도품종(水稻品種)의 제초제저항성(除草劑抵抗性)은 검정방법간(檢定方法間)에 다소차이(多少差異)를 보였는데 유묘검정(幼苗檢定)의 경우는 기존(旣存) 제초제(除草劑)인 butachlor, pretilachlor, thiobencarb, perfluidone, oxadiazon, 등(等)에 있어서는 일본형(日本型) 품종(品種) > 통일형(統一型) 품종(品種) > 인도형(印度型) 품종(品種)의 순(順)으로 제초제저항성(除草劑抵抗性)이 높았으나 DPX-F5384, NC-311, pyrazolate, pyrazoxyfen에 대(對)해서는 오히려 일본형품종(日本型品種)이 가장 낮은 저항성(抵抗性)을 보였으며, 현미검정(玄米檢定)의 경우 butachlor, propanil, chlornitrofen, oxadiazon, 등(等)에 있어서는 유묘검정(幼苗檢定)과는 달리 일본형품종(日本型品種)이 통일형품종(統一型品種)이나 인도형품종(印度型品種)보다 저항성(抵抗性)이 낮게 나타났다. 4) 동일품종(同一品種) 유형내(類型內)에서도 제초제저항성(除草劑抵抗性)의 품종간차이(品種間差異)를 보였는데 유묘검정(幼苗檢定)이나 현미검정(玄米檢定)에서 다같이 상대적(相對的)으로 저항성(抵抗性)을 보인 품종(品種)은 통일형(統一型)의 경우는 밀양(密陽)42호(號), 청청(靑靑)벼, 삼강(三綱)벼가 일본형(日本型)의 경우는 섬진벼가 낙동(落東)벼보다 인도형(印度型)의 경우는 IR50이 IR36보다 높은 저항성(抵抗性)을 보였다. 5) 현미배양방법(玄米培養方法)과 callus 배양방법(培養方法) 다같이 제초제(除草劑) 종류(種類)에 관계(關係)없이 제초제(除草劑) 농도(濃度)에 따른 벼 생육반응(生育反應)이 비슷하였는데, callus 생육반응(生育反應)이 더욱 민감(敏感)하였다. 6) 제초제(除草劑)에 대(對)한 callus 생육반응(生育反應)은 벼 뿐만 아니라 피 (E. crusgalli)에 있어서도 대단히 예민(銳敏)한 반응(反應)을 보였는데, $10^{-9}{\sim}10^{-8}M$의 저농도(低濃度)에서 제초제(除草劑) 종류간(種類間)의 차이(差異)가 뚜렷이 나타났으며, $10^{-7}M$ 이상(以上)의 농도(濃度)에서는 제초제성질(除草劑性質)에 관계(關係)없이 모든 제초제(除草劑)가 피의 callus 생육(生育)을 크게 억제(抑制)시켰다. 공시제초제(供試除草劑) 중(中)에서 BAS-514가 가장 낮은 농도(濃度)에서도 피의 callus 생육(生育)을 뚜렷이 억제(抑制)시켜 피에 대(對)한 살초력(殺草力)이 탁월(卓越)함을 알 수 있었다. 한편 제초제(除草劑)에 대(對)한 callus 생육반응(生育反應)은 광(光)의 유무(有無)에는 큰 영향(影響)을 받지 않았다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.945-953
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• 1996

연구배경: 진폐증을 비롯한 급만성 염증성 폐질환의 공통적인 병태생리는 활성화된 대식세포에서 분비되는 싸이토카인에 의해 염증세포 특히 독성 산화물질이나 단백분해효소 등을 분비하는 호중구의 침윤이 중요한 역할을 하며 염증이 지속되는 경우 비가역적인 섬유화를 가져오게 된다. 최근 강력한 호중구 화학주성인자로 밝혀진 IL-8은 TNF ${\alpha}$나 IL-1 에 의해 단핵세포나 대식세포, 섬유모세포등에서 분비되며 단백분해효소나 열 등에 안정하여 긴 반감기를 갖고 있어 다른 화학주성인자에 비해 지속적인 염증반응을 일으킨다. 실험 진폐증에서 유리규산에 폭로된 대식세포에서 TNF ${\alpha}$ 와 IL-1 이 증가함이 밝혀졌고, 유리규산과 같이 배양한 단핵세포에서 호중구 화학주성이 증가하며 lL-8 항체에 의해 호중구 화학주성이 억제됨이 보고된 바 있어 저자들은 IL-8 이 진폐증의 병태생리에서도 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 가정하게 되었다. 이에 진폐증 환자에서 IL-8의 분비가 증가하였는지 여부와 진폐증의 진행정도에 따른 IL-8 농도의 상관관계를 알아보고 진폐증의 조기진단에 IL-8을 생화학적 지표로 이용하고자 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방법: 분진 폭로력이 없는 아파트 경비원 16명을 대조군으로 하였고, 환자군은 흉부 X 선상 ILO 분류에 따라 의사진폐증군 16명, 소음영 진폐증군 16명, 대음영 진폐중군 16명을 대상으로 혈액 3$m{\ell}$를 채취하여 혈청을 얻은 다음 sandwich enzyme immnoassay technique 을 사용하여 IL-8을 정량분석하였다. 결과: 1. 대조군에 비하여 소음영 진폐증군과 대음영 진폐증군에서 연령이 높게 나타났으나 흡연력에는 차이가 없었으며 진폐증군사이에 분진 폭로력에도 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2. IL-8의 농도는 대조군에서 $17.85{\pm}33.85pg/m{\ell}$였던 것에 비하여 의사진폐증군에서 $70.50{\pm}53.63 pg/m{\ell}$ 소음영 진폐증군에서 $107.50{\pm}45.88pg/m{\ell}$ 대음영 진폐증군에서 $132.50{\pm}73.47pg/m{\ell}$로 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.001). 3. 진폐증군에서 진폐증이 진행할수록 IL-8 은 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 분산분석에서 다중비교를 하였을 때 의사진폐증군과 대음영 진폐증군사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 4. 진폐증 병형과 IL-8 농도사이에 상관계수는 0.4199(p<0.05)로 미약하지만 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보여주었다. 결론: 진폐증의 조기진단을 위한 생화학적 지표로 IL-8 의 유용성이 클 것으로 기대되며 향후 진폐증에서의 IL-8항체의 호중구억제와 폐손상에 대한 방어 효과에 관한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2009

The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.