• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2001

Background and Objectives : Signal traduction through phospholipase C(PLC) participate in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Growth factors bind to their receptors and thereby induce tyrosine phophorylation of the phospholipase C-${\gamma}$1(PLC-${\gamma}$1). PLC-${\gamma}$1 is a substrate for several receptor tyrosine kinases and its catalytic activity is increased by tyrosine phosphorylation. Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of PLC-${\gamma}$1 stimulates PLC activation and cell proliferation. However the signal transduction pathway and the significance of PLC in injured recurrent laryngeal nerve regeneration is unknown. Therefore after we obtained fuctionally recovered rats using PEMF in this study, we attempt to provide some evidence that PLC plays a role in nerve regeneration itself and regeneration related to PEMF through the analysis of the difference between fucntional recovery group and non-recovery group in the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Materials and Method : Using 32 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, transections and primary anastomosis were performed on their left recurrent laryngeal nerves. Rats were then randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group(n=16) received PEMS by placing them in custom cages equipped with Helm-holz coils(3hr/day, 5days/wk, for 12wk). The control group(n=16) were handled the same way as the experimental group, except that they did not receive PEMS. Laryngo-videoendoscopy was performed before and after surgery and followed up weekly. Laryngeal EMG was obtained in both PCA and TA muscles. Immunohistochemisty staining and Western blotting analysis using monoclonal antibody was performed to detect PLC-${\gamma}$1 in recurrent laryngeal nerve and nodose ganglion. Results : 10 rats(71%) in experimental group and 4 rats(38%) in the control group showed recovery of vocal fold motion. Functionally-recoverd rats show PLC-${\gamma}$1 positive cells in neuron and ganglion cells after 12 weeks from nerve injury. Conclusion : This study shows that PLC1-${\gamma}$ involved in singnal trasduction pathway in functinal recovery of injured recurrent laryngeal nerve and PEMF enhance the functional recovery by effect on this molecule.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1981

복숭아 solid pack을 변패시키는 내열성 효모의 열저항성 및 최적살균조건을 구명하기 위하여 원료복숭아의 초기 효모오염도를 조사하고 61균주를 분리보관하였다. 이중 내열성이 가장 강한 효모 No.15 균주에 대한 환경요인별 내열성 및 최적살균조건 시험결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 펩톤수와 복숭아쥬스에서 열처리하였을 때 대수기의 생장이 활발한 세포가 90시간 진탕배양후 10일간 유지한 것보다 내열성이 약했다. 2. 열매체로 펩톤수를 사용하여 열처리한 것이 복숭아쥬스에서 열처리한 것보다 내열성이 강했다. 3. 열처리후 회복배지에 있어서 YM 한천보다 복숭아쥬스 한천에서 회복시킨 것이 약했다. 4. 열매체나 회복배지에서의 pH에 따른 내열성은 pH 4.0에서가 pH 3.5에서 보다 내열성이 강했다 5. 일정한 온도로 가열할 때 생잔곡선은 초기의 열에 민감한 부분과 다음의 열에 안정한 부분의 broken curve를 나타내어 D 값을 구할 수 없었다. 6. 복숭아쥬스(pH 3.5)에서 열처리하여 복숭아쥬스 한천(pH 3.5)에 회복시켰을 때의 TDT 곡선에서 직선을 얻었으며 z값은 $4.8^{\circ}C$이었다. 7. 선발된 내열성 효모의 균학적 특성을 검토한 결과 Torulopsis candida로 추정되었으며 복숭아 solid pack에서의 변패성도 확인하였다. 8. 실제 4 oz 복숭아 solid pack에서의 inoculated pack test 결과 최적살균치 P.U. 70/5는 168(Z값$5^{\circ}C$, 기준온도 $70^{\circ}C$, 살균시간 18분, 관내 중심 온도 $78.5^{\circ}C$)이었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2019

Background: Diabetic sensorineural damage is a complication of the sensory neural system, resulting from long-term hyperglycemia. Red ginseng (RG) has shown efficacy for treatment of various diseases, including diabetes mellitus; however, there is little research about its benefit for treating sensorineural damage. Therefore, we aim to evaluate RG efficacy in alloxan-induced diabetic neuromast (AIDN) zebrafish. Methods: In this study, we developed and validated an AIDN zebrafish model. To assess RG effectiveness, we observed morphological changes in live neuromast zebrafish. Also, zebrafish has been observed to have an ultrastructure of hair-cell cilia under scanning electron microscopy. Thus, we recorded these physiological traits to assess hair cell function. Finally, we confirmed that RG promoted neuromast recovery via nerve growth factor signaling pathway markers. Results: First, we established an AIDN zebrafish model. Using this model, we showed via live neuromast imaging that RG fostered recovery of sensorineural damage. Damaged hair cell cilia were recovered in AIDN zebrafish. Furthermore, RG rescued damaged hair cell function through cell membrane ion balance. Conclusion: Our data suggest that RG potentially facilitates recovery in AIDN zebrafish, and its mechanism seems to be promotion of the nerve growth factor pathway through increased expression of topomyosin receptor kinase A, transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily type 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1999

기존의 CREG-VP는 VP상에서 FEC기법을 사용하여 트래픽 과잉으로 인한 연속적인 셀 손실을 보상하는 기법으로써, 평균 코딩/디코딩 시간이 짧고, ATM 표준 셀 형식과 호환성을 유지할 수 있다는 장점을 지니고 있으나, 복구할 수 있는 셀의 수에는 제한이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 CREG-VP를 확장하여 버스트 특성을 갖는 트래픽에서도 효과적으로 셀 손실을 복구하는 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 기법은 CRP를 변경하여 셀 손실의 검출 성능을 향상시켰고, 인터리브 패리티 셀을 적용하여 연속적인 셀의 복구성능을 향상시켰다. 실험 결과 제안된 기법은 CREG-VP 방식보다 셀 손실률 감소 계수를 향상 시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.361-365
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• 2005

Since the fuel cell uses the hydrogen for its fuel. it has no emission and higher efficiency than an internal combustion engine. Also fuel cell is much quieter than engine generator and generates heat much less than engine generator. So it has advantage of Army's 'si lent watch' capability and the ability to operate undetected by the enemy. The fuel cell hybrid system combines a fuel cell power system with an ESS. The ESS (e.g., batteries or ultracapacitors) reduces the fuel cell's peak power and transient response requirements. It allows the fuel cell to operate more efficiently and recovery of vehicle energy during deceleration. The battery has high energy density, so it has the advantage regarding driving distance. However, it has a disadvantage considering dynamic characteristic because of low power density. One other hand. the ultracapacitor has higher power density, so it can handle sudden change or discharge of required power. Yet. it has lower energy density. so it will be bigger and heavier than the battery when it has the same energy. This paper proposes the power management strategy for multi-power source fuel cell hybrid system. which is applied with the merits of both battery and ultra capacitor by using both of them simultaneous.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2022

After more than two years of efforts to end the corona pandemic, a gradual recovery is starting in countries with high vaccination rates. Easing public health policies for a full-fledged post-corona era, such as lifting the mandatory use of outdoor mask and quarantine measures in entry have been considered in Korea. However, the continuous emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and limitations in vaccine efficacy still remain challenging. Fortunately, T cells and memory T cells, which are key components of adaptive immunity appear to contribute substantially in COVID-19 control. SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells are induced by natural infection or vaccination, and rapid induction and activation of T cells is mainly associated with viral clearance and attenuated clinical severity. In addition, T cell responses induced by recognition of a wide range of epitopes were minimally affected and conserved against the highly infectious subsets of omicron variants. Polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell memory including stem cell-like memory T cells were also developed in COVID-19 convalescent patients, suggesting long lasting protective T cell immunity. Thus, a robust T-cell immune response appears to serve as a reliable and long-term component of host protection in the context of reduced efficacy of humoral immunity and persistent mutations and/or immune escape.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1247-1264
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• 2021

Anabolic steroids are frequently used to increase the growth rate of meat-producing animals. Exposure to an anabolic-androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate (ND), is associated with expressional reduction of testicular steroidogenic enzymes. However, the effect of withdrawal of ND exposure on the expression of these testicular molecules has not been thoroughly explored. The current research investigated expression changes of testicular steroidogenic enzymes in rats at several recovery periods (2, 6, and 12 weeks) after the stop of ND treatment with different doses (2 and 10 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Body and testis weights were recorded, and transcript levels of molecules were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The immunohistochemistry was used to examine the changes of immuno-intensities of molecules. At 6 and 12 weeks of the recovery period, the 10 mg/kg ND-treated rats were lighter than other experimental groups. The interstitial compartment vanished by ND treatment filled up as the recovery period became longer. The expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein was returned to the control level at 12 weeks of the recovery period. Expression levels of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage and 17a-hydroxylase were increased in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group at 6 weeks of the recovery period, and transcript levels of these molecules in 2 and 10 mg/kg ND-treated groups at 12 weeks of the recovery period were significantly lower than the control. Expression levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type I and 17β-HSD type 3 in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group were comparable with those of control at 12 weeks of the recovery period, but not in 10 mg/kg ND-treated group. Expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (Cyp19) was reverted to the control level at 2 weeks of the recovery period. Except for Cyp19, there was a visible increase of immuno-staining intensity of other testicular steroidogenic enzymes in the Leydig cells as the recovery period progressed. This research has demonstrated that the cease of ND administration could restore the expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes close to the normal level. Nevertheless, a relatively long recovery period, compared to the ND-exposure period would be required to retrieve normal expression levels of testicular steroidogenic enzymes.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2016

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces cellular damage. A variety of cellular responses for repairing cellular damage including DNA damage occur after UV irradiation. During the repair processes, expression and activation of various molecules are regulated depending on the types of cellular damage. Parkin is an E3 ligase and act as a tumor suppressor. Recently, it has been reported that Parkin is involved in the DNA repair process. In the current study, we investigated whether UVB irradiation influences expression of Parkin. Parkin expression transiently decreased after UVB irradiation both at the mRNA and protein levels, but returned to normal levels thereafter. Taken together with cell viability data, Parkin expression is down-regulated during UVB-induced suppression of cell growth and is increased again in accordance with recovery of UVB-induced cell growth inhibition. However, Parkin overexpression or knockdown did not influence UVB-induced cell growth inhibition and recovery. We propose that Parkin could be a useful molecular marker for evaluating conditions of cells after UVB irradiation.

• 에너지공학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2011

우수한 성능의 연료전지 시스템을 개발하기 위해서는 연료전지의 주변장치 및 핵심부품을 중점적으로 연구해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 연료전지 시스템 내에서 배열 회수를 목적으로 사용될 원심펌프에 대해서 연구를 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 임펠러 수가 4개인 원심펌프를 설계, 제작하여 실험을 하였고, 상용모델(IWAKI) 결과와 비교, 분석하였다. 또한 임펠러 수가 4, 6, 8개인 원심펌프를 설계하여 CFD 해석기법을 통해 해석해 보았다. 실험결과와 전산해석은 동일한 조건하에 진행 되었으며 정량적인 차이를 비교 하였을 경우 30[%] 이내의 차이를 보여주었다. 또한 실험을 통해 얻어진 결과는 전산해석을 수행하는데 중요한 자료로 사용될 수 있었고 향후, 실험에 대한 정확성 향상 및 CFD 해석에서 가정한 부분을 줄인다면 더 정확한 결과를 확보할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.13.1-13.7
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• 2016

Background: In the present study, various freezing containers were tested for mouse embryos of respective developmental stages; embryos were vitrified and then their survival rate and developmental rate were monitored. Mouse two cell, 8 cell, and blastula stage embryos underwent vitrification freezing-thawing and then their recovery rate, survival rate, development rate, and hatching rate were investigated. Methods: EM-grid, OPS, and cryo-loop were utilized for vitrification freezing-thawing of mouse embryos. Results: It was found that recovery rate and survival rate were higher in the group of cryo-loop compared to those of EM-grid (p < 0.05). Embryonic development rate, two cell embryos to blastocyst, as well as hatching rate were higher in the control group compared to the EM-grid group and OPS group (p < 0.05), yet no difference was noted between the control group and cryo-loop group. Development rate and hatching rate of eight cell morulae and blastocysts were all lower in the treatment groups than the control group whilst hatching rate of blastocysts was higher in the control group compared to the groups of EM-grid and OPS (p < 0.05); although the cryo-loop group was shown to be slightly higher than other groups, it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: In the study, we investigate effects of freezing containers on vitrified embryos of respective developmental stages; it was demonstrated that higher developmental rate was shown in more progressed (or developed) embryos with more blastomeres. There was however, no difference in embryonic development rate was shown amongst containers. Taken together, further additional studies are warranted with regards to 1) manipulation techniques of embryos for various vitrification freezing containers and 2) preventive measures against contamination via liquid nitrogen.