• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.743-747
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• 2008

Purpose: Malignant changes of Marjolin's ulcer arising from chronic burn scar are rare. The majority of them are squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a deep seated pleomorphic sarcoma, which occurs principally as a mass of the extremities, abdominal cavity, or retroperitoneum in adults. Methods: We report a 58-year-old male patient who was admitted due to $3.5{\times}5cm$ chronic ulceration of anterior chest wall on the center of old burn scar. His scar had been occurred by boiling oil and treated with conservative treatment 45 years ago. Preoperative punch biopsy showed suspicious malignant changes and contrast enhanced chest CT showed well-defined, irregular shape enhancing lesion on anterior chest wall without intrathoracic metastasis. Results: The tumor was widely excised and defect was covered with skin graft without infection, necrosis and any other complication. The pathologic findings are compatible with malignant fibrous histiocytoma(storiform - pleomorphic type). The patient underwent 3 cycles of chemotheraphy. Although distant metastasis to the lung developed 6 months later and the patient died 9 month later, there was no local reoccurrence. Conclusion: Aggressive and early excision is needed because malignant fibrous histiocytoma has characteristics of high malignancy with a propensity for early and distant spread. Furthermore, the patient's education about disease entity and postoperative regular follow-up for local recurrence or metastasis is very important. To prevent malignancy from secondly healing burn scar, early skin graft is recommended for patients with deep second degree burn.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication and $Ca^{2+}$ response in human cell lines of neuronal origin were investigated. SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma cells) and A172 cells (glioblastoma cells) were used. SK-N-SH cells were permissive for HCMV multiplication with a delay of one day compared to virus multiplication in human embryo lung (HEL) cells. The delay of HCMV multiplication in SK-N-SH cells appeared to be correlated with a delay in the $Ca^{2+}$ response. The cytoplasmic free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) began to increase at 12 h p.i. in HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells, while $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in HCMV-infected HEL cells was observed as early as 3 h p.i. On the whole, the level of the increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in SK-N-SH cells was about 30% of that in HEL cells. On the other hand, in A172 cells infected with HCMV, neither production of infectious virus nor detectable increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was observed. Treatment with TPA of HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells resulted in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase at 6 h p.i. The stimulatory effect of TPA on HCMV- induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase continued until 12 h p.i., but TPA failed to stimulate the $Ca^{2+}$ response in SK-N-SH cells at 24 h p.i., suggesting that the effect of TPA had disappeared in SK-N-SH cells at that time point. In conclusion, SK-N-SH cells are permissive for HCMV replication and the delay in $Ca^{2+}$ response may be a consequence of the lower responsiveness of SK-N-SH cells than HEL cells to HCMV infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.505-512
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• 2017

Toxoplasma gondii cathepsin C proteases (TgCPC1, 2, and 3) are important for the growth and survival of T. gondii. In the present study, B-cell and T-cell epitopes of TgCPC1 were predicted using DNAstar and the Immune Epitope Database. A TgCPC1 DNA vaccine was constructed, and its ability to induce protective immune responses against toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice was evaluated in the presence or absence of the adjuvant ${\alpha}-GalCer$. As results, TgCPC1 DNA vaccine with or without adjuvant ${\alpha}-GalCer$ showed higher levels of IgG and IgG2a in the serum, as well as IL-2 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in the spleen compared to controls (PBS, pEGFP-C1, and ${\alpha}-GalCer$). Upon challenge infection with tachyzoites of T. gondii (RH), $pCPC1/{\alpha}-GalCer$ immunized mice showed the longest survival among all the groups. Mice vaccinated with DNA vaccine without adjuvant (pCPC1) showed better protective immunity compared to other controls (PBS, pEGFP-C1, and ${\alpha}-GalCer$). These results indicate that a DNA vaccine encoding TgCPC1 is a potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.479-484
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• 1991

Encephalomyocarditis(EMC) virus was isolated from the mummified and stillborn pigs at a swine farm in Chonnam Province, experienced with EMC infection over the period Oct.~Dec. of 1989. In addition some cultural, serological properties of the isolates and experimental infections in the piglets were studied. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Two EMC virus strains with HA titers and CPE similar to EMC-ATCC were established in a baby hamster kidney (BHK)-21 cell line by inoculating homogenates of brain and heart of the 19 mummified or stillborn pigs and designated $K_3$ and $K_{11}$. 2. At the second BHK-21 cell line passage of the initial isolates CPE appeared after incubation for 16~18 hours, while at the fourth and fifth passage the highest titer of HA was recorded, titer of HA using rat and guinea pig erythrocytes. 3. One pig inoculated with the isolate $K_3$ showed dyspnea as clinical signs and died at the 10 days after inoculation at necropsy white necrotic foci were observed from the dead animal heart. 4. Although all the rest surviving pigs showed increases in antibody titer and body temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ above for the initial 2~4 days followed by the return to normal, there were no gross lesions when the animals were sacrificed at the 2 weeks after inoculation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.995-1005
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• 1999

Staphylococcus aureus is one of most prevalent intramammary pathogens and have characteristics which are not easily eradicated. Recently, to understand the sources and transmission of S aureus, many studies have focused on the subtyping of field isolate. This study was preformed to investigate the distribution pattern and characteristics of the isolates using phenotyping and genotyping. Samples were collected from milk of each udder, cow bodies (perianal region, vagina, tail, udder skin, sole) and environment (floor, liner, milker's hands, water, towel, insect) from 6 herds located in Kyung-gi province. Forty five strains of S aureus were isolated from 3 dairy herds (A, B, C) and were typed by hemolytic pattern, antibiotic resistant pattern, enterotoxin typing and PCR-based DNA fingerprinting. Slime productivity was also compared by each subtype to examine potential infectiousness. Of 45 strains, 41 were isolated from milk samples and 4 were isolated from liners. No strains isolated in the bodies and environment. Forty five strains isolated were classified as 18 subtypes by phenotyping and genotyping. There was common subtype between A and B herd, but the subtype of C herd showed different pattern. Among predominant subtypes, 60% of S aureus strain isolated from A and B herd showed subtype I and 50% of S aureus strain isolated from C herd belonged to subtype VI and X II. Neither somatic cell count (SCC) nor slime production was significantly different between predominant and minor subtypes. In summary, the study revealed that liners play more important roles in the mode of transmission than environmental sources. Several subtypes can be found in a herd, only a few subtype, however, was largely associated with the majority of infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.787-799
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• 1994

To elucidate morphologic lesion of porcine exudative epidermitis which is occurred sporadically in Korea, Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolated from the naturally affected pigs was inoculated to suckling pigs. The infected piglets were observed grossly and histopathologically. Although affected piglets were taking acute, subacute, or chronic course, some piglets suffered from chronic disease showed poor prognosis and marked growth depression. Affected peglets had erythematous skin on the face, ear, and abdomen and these localized lesions appear as brownish spots of exudative epidermitis and fromed crust in the early stage. But, after this stage, the skin were covered by viscous greasy exudate and formed blackish brown crust and appeared fissures and hypertrophy. Grossly, there has been hemorrhage with the removal of crust-like materials of epidermis and edematous subcutis. The superficial lymph nodes were edematous and swollen or congested and hemorrhagic. Some piglets had swollen ureters, cysts in the renal cortex, or polyarthritis. A few cases had mild edematous swelling of kidney, intestinal catarrh and congestion of brain. Microscopically, skin lesions had detachment of keralinized layer and parakeratosis of epidermis, hydropic degeneration of epidermal cell, and retrogressive degeneration of hair root sheath. Dermis had edema, and infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. As the disease was proceeded, there was marked perivasculitis with lots of mononuclear inflammatory cells. More chronic lesions formed granuloma-like bodies(nodules) due to more mononuclear, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of fibroblast. Lots of plasma cells and eosinophils were also present in dermis. Epidermis was hyperplastic by proliferation of basal cells stratum germinativum and epidermal pegs often extended into the dermis. In secondary infection, lots of neutrophils could be seen in epidermis and derms. Kidney had neutrophilic infiltration, necrotic and cystic glomeruli, and dilation of renal tubules and ureters. Purulent arthritis was sometimes observed in joints. Three days old mice administrated Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus subcutaneously before had focal congestion and hemorrhage, necrosis, and subcutaneous edema of the skin. This observation was also seen in the study of mice administrated exfoliatin toxin of Staphylococcus which evoked human staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1997

During the last decade, the use of primary amputation has decreased, and a larger number of patients are being treated with resection and reconstruction with limb preservation. The advantage of chemotherapy, improvements in diagnostic imaging methods and newer techniques for reconstruction have made limb salvage an alternative to amputation for most patients with malignant bone tumor. Clinical results and functional results of the limb salvage operation of bone tumors treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea university was reviewed. Eighteen bone tumors(seven giant cell tumors and eleven malignant bone tumors.) were studied over a period of five years. The limb salvage group included fourteen endoprothesis, two pasteurized autograft, one near total scapulectomy and one rotationplasty. Functional evaluation was performed according to the Enneking's modified system. The results were as followed; 1. At a mean follow-up of thirty two months (15-77 months), fourteen(83%) of the eighteen patients with limb salvage procedures had been continuously disease free. 2. There are no local recurrence but deep infection developed in two patients and three patients with distant metastasis. 3. Thirteen(87%) of the fifteen patients showed above 60% of functional results. 4. Fourteen(93%) of the fifteen patients were satisfied with the limb salvage procedures.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2008

Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is essential for hepatitis B virus infection and exerts a pleiotropic effect on various cellular machineries. HBx has been also demonstrated as an indirect transcriptional transactivator of various different viral and cellular promoters. In addition, HBx is involved in the development of various liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. However the mechanism of HBx in hepatocellular carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, to identify possible new cellular proteins interacting with HBx, we carried out yeast two-hybrid assay. We obtained several possible cellular partners including VBP1, a binding factor for VHL tumor suppressor protein. The direct physical interaction between HBx and VBP1 in vitro and in vivo was confirmed by immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, we found that VBP1 facilitates HBx-induced $NF{\kappa}B$ activation and cell proliferation. These results implicate the important role of HBx in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma through its interaction with VBP1.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4199-4202
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• 2015

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the major world health problems. Epigallocatechin-3 gallate is the major component of the polyphenolic fraction of green tea and it has an anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumorigenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, and/or pro-apoptotic effects on mammalian cells. In this study, our aim was to investigate the inhibition of HBV replication by epigallocatechin-3 gallate in the Hep3B2.1-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Materials and Methods: HBV-replicating Hep3B2.1-7 cells were used to investigate the preventive effects of epigallocatechin-3 gallate on HBV DNA replication. The expression levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were determined using ELISA. Quantitative real-time-PCR was applied for the determination of the expression level of HBV DNA. Results: Cytotoxicity of epigallocathechin-3-gallate was not observed in the hepatic carcinoma cell line when the dose was lower than $100{\mu}M$. The ELISA method demonstrated that epigallocatechin-3 gallate have strong effects on HBsAg and HBeAg levels. Also it was detected by real-time PCR that epigallocatechin-3 gallate could prevent HBV DNA replication. Conclusions: The obtained data pointed out that although the exact mechanism of HBV DNA replication and related diseases remains unclear, epigallocatechin-3 gallate has a potential as an effective anti-HBV agent with low toxicity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.606-618
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• 2000

Dental pulp infection is most commonly caused by extensive dental caries, and some bacterial species invade root canals; bacterial components and products are thought to be associated with the pathogenesis of periapical periodontitis. A principle driving force behind pulpal disease response appears to lie in the host immune system's to bacteria and their products. We examined the production of interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) from human peripheral mononuclear cells, lymphocytes and monocytes stimulated by heat-killed Acitnobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29523), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277) and Prevotella intermedia (ATCC 25611), and also by their sonicated bacterial extracts (SBE), respectively. The effects of three strains of heat-killed bacteria and their SBEs on the morphology of cultured blood cell lines HL-60 (KCLB 10240) and J774A.1 (KCLB 40067) were observed under the inverted microscope. Ultrastructural changes of J774A.1 exposed to heat-killed P. intermedia and its SBE were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Production of IL-$1{\beta}$ was reduced in human peripheral mononuclear cells after stimulation by sonic bacterial extracts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia. Heat-killed and sonic extract of P. gingivalis inhibited the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ in peripheral mononuclear cells. Production of TNF-${\alpha}$ was inhibited in peripheral monocytes after stimulation by sonic extracts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia. HL-60 and J 774A.1 cells showed granular degeneration after treatment with heat-killed and sonic extracts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia Chromatin margination and shrinkage were observed in 774A.1 treated with heat-killed P. intermedia. Cell wall structure and organelles were destroyed and vacuoles were formed in cytoplasm in J774A.1 treated with P. intermedia sonic extract. These results suggest that A actinomycetemcomitans, P gingivalis and P intermedia may have an important role in the formation and progression of pulpal diseases via both modulation of production of IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ from blood mononuclear cells and cytopathic effects.