• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.590-596
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• 2011

Pimpinella brachycarpa, called as cham-na-mul in Korea, is an edible popular herb. However, the study of biological activity of P. brachycarpa is still rudimentary in worldwide. In this study, from the cultivated P. brachycarpa, we prepared the methanol extract and its subsequent solvent fractions, and their antimicrobial, antioxidation, and anti-proliferative activities were evaluated. The fraction yields of n-hexane (H), methylene chloride (EC), ethylacetate (EA), butanol (B), and water residue (W) from the methanol extract were 18.71, 0.7, 0.56, 4.57, and 71.51%, respectively. Analysis of total flavonoid and total polyphenol showed that the EA fraction contained the highest contents (89.23 and 200 mg/g), and the W residue has the lowest contents (19.6 and 2.27 mg/g) among the factions. In antimicrobial activity assay, the EA fraction showed a broad-range antibacterial activity, while the H fraction is effective against gram positive bacteria. In antioxidation activity assay, EA and B fraction showed strong DPPH anion and ABTS cation scavenging activities including reducing power, and Hand MC fraction showed effective nitrite scavenging activity (71.43~83.82 ${\mu}g$/mL of $IC_{50}$). In a while, only B fraction showed strong anti-proliferative activity against human colorectal cancer HCT-116 (166 ${\mu}g$/mL of $IC_{50}$) as a dose-dependent manner up to 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. These results suggest that the EA and B fraction of P. brachycarpa could be developed as functional food ingredients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1689-1697
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammation effect of Persicaria thunbergii (P. thunbergii) on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of P. thunbergii was determined by measuring expression of the LPS-induced inflammatory proteins, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$). Methanol extract of P. thunbergii decreased the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-${\kappa}B$, and increased the expression of HO-1 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Methanol extract was fractioned by n-butanol, hexane and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and each fraction was tested for inhibitory effects on inflammation. Among the sequential solvent fractions, the EtOAc soluble fraction was investigated by the expression of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and showed decreasing form to the dose-dependent manner. EtOAc extract showed the most effective inhibitory activity of the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-${\kappa}B$, and the production of NO. The study showed that P. thunbergii has anti-inflammatory activity through the decrease of NO and inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, $PGE_2$ and NF-${\kappa}B$ expression, and by the increase of HO-1 enzyme. This study needs for more investigation to find out the most effective single compound with anti-inflammatory activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.963-967
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• 2009

This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of extracts from the root bark of Morus alba (MA) against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Glutamate-induced cytotoxicity was shown by MTT reduction assay. The neuroprotective effects of methanol, ethanol, and acetone extracts from MA against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity were measured. Among the three extracts, the methanolic extracts showed the highest protective effect, as determined by the results of an morphological assay, a lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Furthermore, the methanol extracts were fractionated sequentially with hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water layer according to degree of polarity. The hexane fractions exhibited a neuroprotective effect against glutamate-stressed N18-RE-105 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that extracts of MA could be a new potential candidate as a protective substance against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, component analysis, antioxidative activity and cellular protective effects against oxidative stress on human skin cells in 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (G. pentaphyllum) Makino. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activites ($FSC_{50}$) of the 50% ethanol extracts, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 246.8, 147.2, $128.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of the 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay were 37.15, 10.74, $7.19{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. We investigated the cellular protective activity and the results showed that treatment of aglycone fraction ($0.05-0.39{\mu}g/mL$) protect human skin cells in a concentration-dependent manner when the skin cell damages were induced by treating them with $H_2O_2$. These results suggest that extract/fractions of G. pentaphyllum Makino may be applicable as natural antioxidants in cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.514-520
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• 2019

This study investigated the improved lipid metabolism effect of 3T3-L1 cells induced by adipocytes using the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction in the organic solvent extract of Wassong (Orostachys japonicus). To confirm the cell cytotoxicity, each of 6 fractions of organic solvent extracts (EtOH, Hexane, DCM, EtOAc, BuOH, and H₂O) was examined using MTS assay. As a result, it was confirmed that the DCM extract was stable over the whole range of concentrations, and a DCM fraction was used to confirm the improved lipid metabolism effect. Lipid excretion was measured to confirm the change of lipid metabolism. 3T3-L1 cells induced by adipocytes were treated with DCM extract and stained with oil-red O to evaluate lipid accumulation. As a result, it was confirmed that the lipid efflux was significantly improved. In order to confirm the mechanism of lipid efflux, the mRNA expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1, which are lipid transport proteins, were confirmed by real-time PCR. Therefore, the present study confirmed that the DCM extract from Orostachys japonicus has the effect of improving the lipid metabolism on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, the results of this study will be used as the basis for the development of functional foods using Orostachys japonicus and also for conducting research on the detailed mechanisms.

• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Ecklonia cava (EC-EtoAc) on the immunoglobulin E (IgE)/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mediated activation of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs). We revealed that the $62.5{\mu}g/ml$ of EC-fractions ($EC-CHCl_3$, EC-Hexane and EC-EtoAc) inhibited IgE/BSA-activated ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release from BMCMCs without cytotoxicity. Especially, EC-EtoAc showed the higher ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release than the others. Also, EC-EtoAc reduced the expression levels of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and a chemokine, thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), compared to the only IgE/BSA-treated BMCMCs. Furthermore, EC-EtoAc significantly prevented the binding of IgE to Fc epsilon receptor $(Fc{\varepsilon}R)I$ and reduced the $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression on the sensitized BMCMCs. Taken together, these results suggest that E. cava may be the natural agent with beneficial potentials for the treatment of type I allergic diseases induced by mast cell activation.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.274-281
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of GATA-3-dependent Th2 cells and IgE inhibition by using PM-E and PM-70M isolated from Sasao. It was analyzed that the 70 % methanol layer contained adsorbed chromatograms of the fraction of sodium hypochlorite that inhibited GATA-3 transcription factor activity. As a result, PM-70 %MFL fraction seems to have an antiallergic effect by inhibiting GATA-3 which regulates Th2 cytokine. PM-30A, PM-70A, and PM-30A layers by inhibiting IgE secretion in B cells by co-culturing the fractions with anti-CD40/rmIL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA and IgE were not different from control. However, expression of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA was $0.69{\pm}0.058$ (p<0.001) and $0.72{\pm}0.58$ (p<0.05), respectively. The amount of IgE secretion was $94.6{\pm}16.0$, which was significantly decreased by 45.6% (p<0.01) compared with the control group. This study suggests that the PM-70% MFL layer in the fraction of Sasao contains the components that inhibit the differentiation and activity of B cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 2019

In a previous study, we isolated 11 different kinds of compounds from ethyl acetate fractions of lees (jubak) which is a by-product of Korean traditional wine production. These compounds were identified as caffeic acid, coumaric acid, D-mannitol, ferulic acid, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, naringin, sinapic acid, syringic acid, and vanilic acid. To evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities in an in vitro model, nitric oxide (NO) production was measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells after the treatment of these cells with each compound. Among the various chemicals, hesperetin and naringenin showed the highest inhibition of NO production in the LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Hesperetin was chosen for further study because of its strong anti-inflammatory activity and because the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory properties still remain unclear. Our results showed that hesperetin dramatically inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner as compared with in an LPS-only treated group, without affecting cell viability. In addition, hesperetin reduced the protein expression of the pro-inflammatory gene inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it did not affect cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Furthermore, hesperetin inhibited phosphorylation of p38 mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, whereas it did not affect phosphorylation of c-jun N- terminal kinase (JNK). The results indicated that hesperetin regulated the LPS-induced inflammatory response by suppressing p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling. Overall, our results may help to understand the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity mediated by hesperetin.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2019

Excessive or chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Hibiscus syriacus L. has been used as a medicinal plant in many Asian countries, even though its anti-inflammatory activity has been unclear. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanin fractions from the H. syriacus L. varieties Pulsae (PS) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages. PS suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) secretion concomitant with downregulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Furthermore, PS inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Further study showed that PS significantly decreased LPS-induced nuclear translocation of the nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) subunits, p65 and p50. Molecular docking data showed that many anthocyanins from PS fit into the hydrophobic pocket of MD2 and bound to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), indicating that PS inhibits the TLR4-MD2-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway. Especially, apigenin-7-O-glucoside most powerfully bound to MD2 and TLR4 through LYS122, LYS122, and SER127 at a distance of $2.205{\AA}$, $3.098{\AA}$, and $2.844{\AA}$ and SER441 at a distance of $2.873{\AA}$ (docking score: -8.4) through hydrogen bonding, respectively. Additionally, PS inhibited LPS-induced TLR4 dimerization/expression on the cell surface, which consequently decreased MyD88 recruitment and IRAK4 phosphorylation. PS completely blocked LPS-mediated mortality in zebrafish larvae by diminishing the recruitment of neutrophil and macrophages accompanied by low levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, our results indicate that PS attenuates LPS-mediated inflammation in both in vitro and in vivo by blocking the TLR4/MD2-MyD88/IRAK4-$NF-{\kappa}B$ axis. Therefore, PS might be used as a novel modulatory candidate for effective treatment of LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2022

The flowers of Cosmos bipinnatus were extracted with solvent made with methanol:water (4:1) and the concentrates were partitioned into ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water (H₂O) fractions. The octadecyl silica gel (ODS) and silica gel (SiO₂) column chromatographies were repeated for the EtOAc fraction to isolated of two phenolic compounds. The chemical structure of the isolated compounds were identified as benzyl O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (1), and 2-phenylethyl O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (2) through spectroscopic datas such as nuclear magnetic resornance, infrarad spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. These two compounds were first isolated from C. bipinnatus flowers through this study. To evaluate the anti-atopic activity of the two isolated compounds using a HaCaT cell line induced by ultraviolet light, several experiments were conducted and neither both compounds showed toxicity in the concentration range of 1 to 1,000 ㎍/mL. In the results of anti-atopic activity through Thymus and activation regualted chemokine (TARC) assay, both compounds showed dose-dependent TARC inhibitory activity. In particular, compound 1 showed significant activity even in a low concentration range of 10 ㎍/mL, and in different concentration ranges. Also compound 1 showed higher inhibitory activity than other compound, confirming that the anti-atopic activity was the most excellent. Based on these results, it is considered that it can be used as a functional cosmetic material.