• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2011

We investigated antioxidative activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and melanin production inhibitory activity of the methanol extract of Paeoniae Radix and its fractions. The total polyphenol content of the extract was 73.45 mg/g, and content of the ethyl acetate fraction was 514.50 mg/g as the highest content of fractions. In DPPH radical scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the ethyl acetate was 3.86 ${\mu}g/ml$ as a result of greater activity in the positive control (ascorbic acid). Moreover, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction showed higher activity than arbutin used as a positive control. In the cytotoxicity measurement by MTT assay, the extract and fractions were exhibited cell viabilities of 76.96~157.26% against Raw 264.7 and B16F10 cell in concentration of 10~100 ${\mu}g/ml$. In nontoxic concentration range, the ethyl acetate fraction showed strong melanin production inhibitory effect in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cell. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract from Paeoniae Radix could be applicable to functional materials for skin-whitening agents.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.137-141
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• 2008

The present study reports the protective properties of a total methanol extract of B. platyphylla var. japonica against ultraviolet (UV)-C irradiation. Pretreatment of Chinese hamster fibroblast (V79-4) cells with a total methanol extract significantly increased cell survival following $300\;J/m^2$ of UV-C irradiation. The total methanol extract was further fractionated into 5 fractions: n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions. Among these fractions, B. platyphylla var. japonica ethylacetate, butanol and water fractions showed significant protective effects against the cellular damage induced by UV-C irradiation. In order to elucidate the mechanism underlying this protective effect, DPPH (Editor note: abbreviations should be spelled out at first use.) radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were measured. Significant radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities were observed for the ethylacetate fraction. In summary, the present data demonstrate that an extract of B. platyphylla var. japonica has a significant protective effect against UV-C irradiation. The underlying mechanism of this protective effect may involve radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the B. platyphylla var. japonica extract.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

In our present study, total methanol extracts prepared from B. platyphylla var. japonica showed a significant increase in cell proliferation upon the induction of oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide or $\gamma$-ray irradiation. Total methanol extracts were fractionated into five separate preparations i.e. n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions. Among these, the ethylacetate and butanol fractions of B. platyphylla var. japonica showed the highest protective effects against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. These fractions also showed strong protective effects against $\gamma$-ray irradiation. When we evaluated the cytotoxicity of these fractions, the butanol fraction showed no effects in a colony formation assay. In addition, the butanol fraction showed a cell proliferation activation effect evidenced by significant increase in the colony formation of $\gamma$-ray irradiated cells. Both a radical scavenging activity and clonogenic activity assay suggested that the mechanism behind this protective effect against reactive oxygen species may be due to the radical scavenging and cell proliferation activity of B. platyphylla var. japonica extracts.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 1998

The effect of Korean red-ginseng extract on the proliferation and cellular activity of mouse B and T lymphocytes was examined in vitro. Both water and ethanol extract from red-ginseng increased the growth of normal B and T lymphocytes 1.5∼2.5-folds. Saponin and polysaccharide fractions from ginseng extract also stimulated the proliferation of normal lymphocytes much higher than several well-known immunostimulators. B and T lymphoma cell lines responded to the ginseng extract and fractions by growth, too, while non-lymphoid cell lines did not. Immunoglobulin production of unprimed B-lymphocytes was little affected by the ginseng extract and fractions, though the ethanol extract slightly enhanced Ini, production of B-lymphocytes. When cytolytic activity of T lymphocytes against tumor tells was induced in vitro, both of the saponin and polysaccharide fractions and the ginseng ethanol extract increased the cellular activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes 4-5-folds, while the ginseng water extract did not. Especially, the saponin fraction exhibited 10-times higher stimulatory effect on the cytolytlc activity of cytotoxic T cells than the ethanol extract and the pclysaccharide fraction did. These results suggest that Korean red-ginseng contain potent immunomodulating components to stimulate the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes and the cellular activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2023

In this study were evaluated the whitening and anti-oxidative activities from the extracts of Sorbus alnifolia branches, and identified the chemical structures of the active ingredients. In the whitening tests using α-MSH stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells, the 70% ethanol extract and n-butanol (n-BuOH) fractions concentration-dependently inhibited cellular melanogenesis and intracellular tyrosinase activities without causing cell toxicity. The total polyphenol content of n-BuOH and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions were measured to be respectively 241.1 ± 1.1 and 222.9 ± 2.4 (mg/g GAE), and the total flavonoid content of EtOAc fraction was 75.3 ± 2.0 (mg/g QE). Upon anti-oxidant studies with DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals, potent radical scavenging activities were observed in the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions. Moreover, in the study of cell protection efficacy using HaCaT keratinocytes damaged by H₂O₂, the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions showed a very positive results on prevention of oxidative stress. Phytochemical studies for this extract resulted in the isolation of four compounds; 2-oxopomolic acid (1), euscaphic acid (2), epi-catechin (3), prunasin (4). These results suggested that the extract of S. alnifolia branches containing compounds 1-4 as natural ingredients could be used as whitening and anti-oxidant ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.349-360
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• 2011

The objectives of present study were to characterize the peptides which were isolated from Korean fermented soybean paste, chungkukjang, and to determine their antioxidant activities. Four fractions were collected from the methanol extract of chungkukjang by using a recycling preparative HPLC. Among fractions, Fr-2 was identified to be highly potent free radical scavenging activity in the assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT)-reduction inhibition. Base on antioxidant effects, fraction Fr-2 was employed for the refraction with a prep-column and separated into five fractions of which two fractions were identified to have higher antioxidant activity. To confirm the amino acid constituents of antioxidant fractions Fr-2-2 and Fr-2-3 were analyzed, and eight kinds of amino acids such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, histidine, and arginine were identified as the constituent amino acids. Antioxidant activities of the separated peptides were further assessed cell viability with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide (MTT), and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of H4IIE cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Chungkukjang peptides have shown their ability to protect H4IIE rat hepatoma cells against H2O2- induced oxidative stress by concentration and time-dependent manner. Therefore, These results indicated that fermented soybean paste chungkukjang will be promoted the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities, and beneficial for health. The antioxidant peptide fractions Fr-2-2 and Fr-2-3 were denominated as P-NICS-1 and P-NICS-2, respectively. However, further studies were required to clarify their amino acid sequences and molecular properties, and physiological significances.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.326-335
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• 2021

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of fermented soybean extract and its fractions on skin cell proliferation and growth. The extract was procured by the pepsin and Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermentation of soybean. LC-MS analysis was performed subsequent to soybean fermentation, and cell viability was measured by the WST-1 assay. Cell proliferation was observed to increase after exposing cells to the fermented soybean extract and its fractions at all concentrations tested (0~2,000 ㎍/mL). In particular, compared to the normal control group and 120 % proliferation of the EGF (epidermal growth factor) positive control group, 160~180 % cell proliferation was achieved at 800 ㎍/ml, indicating the excellent potential as an application material for skin aging inhibition and skin cell regeneration. In addition, we also examined the effects of fermented soybean extract and its fractions on wound healing ability, in HaCaT cells and fibroblasts. Our results indicate excellent cell migration abilities after treatment with fermented soybean extract and its fractions, as compared to the control treatment. Similar cell migration abilities were observed in the positive control group (EGF). Taken together, our results indicate that fermented soybean extract and its fractions (F4 and F5) exert amelioratory effects as a natural material for skin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.701-707
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• 2007

Anti-diabetic effect of Platycodi radix (PR) extract fractions was determined if vitro by investigating insulin-like action, insulin sensitizing action, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, gene expression related to ${\beta}-cell$ function and mass, and ${\alpha}$-glucoamylase suppressing action. Insulin-like activity was not promoted by the treatment of PR methanol factions in 373-L1 fibroblast. However, treatment with 0, 20 and 100% PR methanol fractions along with 1 ng/mL insulin increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 373-L1 adipocytes. In addition, the treatment of 0% and 100% methanol fractions along with differentiation inducers significantly increased the differentiation of 373-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes. These fractions may contain insulin sensitizer. The 20%, 80% and 100% methanol fractions enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in Min6 cells, insulin secreting cell line. This was related to the mechanism to promote glucose sensing and ${\beta}-cell$ proliferation, which was regulated by the induction of IRS-2, glucokinase and PDX-1 genes. As expected, 20, 80 and 100% methanol fractions increased mRNA levels of IRS-2, glucokinase and PDX-1 genes. However, PR fractions did not affect the ${\alpha}-glucoamylase$ activity in vitro. These data suggested that PR extract fractions have anti-diabetic actions through improving insulin sensitization, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and ${\beta}-cell$ proliferation. Therefore, PR extracts can be beneficial for anti-diabetic treatment in lean diabetic patients.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 1998

The biological activities of both ethanol and water extracts from the fruiting body of E. applanata and E. applanata mycelium and the three fractions of ethanol extracts from E. applanata were compared. 91% of MCF7 cell growth was inhibited by adding 0.5 g/l of water extracts of E. applanata and 81% of MCF7 cell growth was inhibited by adding 0.5 g/l of diethyl ether and chloroform fractions. It was also showed that above 60% of Hep3B cell growth was inhibited by adding all samples including the fractions. The ethanol extracts of E. applanata mycelium showed 33.3% of cytotoxicity on normal liver cell, WRL68 in adding 0.5 g/l of the samples and 40% in adding 0.5 g/l of chloroform fractions. The result of anti-mutagenicity of all extracts and fractions including ethanol extracts of Phelinus linteus were showed that diethyl ether fractions were most effective than any other samples. Hypoglycemic activities of diethyl ether and chloroform fractions were the most effective which scores were above 75%. The enhancement of glutathione-S-transferase activity was increased above 2.3 times by adding 1.0 g/l ethanol extracts of E. applanata and diethyl ether, chloroform fractions. It can be concluded that both biological activities of the fruiting body and mycelium of E. applanata were almost equivalent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated antibacterial activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory effect of the methanol extract and its fractions from Paeoniae Radix. In antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion assay against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, the ethyl acetate fraction showed stronger antibacterial activity than other fractions and the extract. Moreover, the ethyl acetate fraction showed strong nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. However, in NO scavenging ability, the chloroform fraction was higher than the other fractions and the extract. In the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against RAW 264.7 cell, the extract and fractions were exhibited normal LDH release level as nontoxic result without the ehtyl acetate fraction of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction of the methanol extract from Paeoniae Radix could be applicable to functional materials for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory related fields, respectively.