• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.922-927
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• 2001

In an effort to regulate the mammalian cell behavior in entrapment with a gel, we have functionalized hydrogels with the putative cell-binding (-Arg-Gly-Asp-)(RGD) domain. An adhesion molecule of Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptides, a cell recognition ligand, was induced into thermo-reversible hydrogels, composed of N-isopropylacrylamide with small amounts of acrylic acid (typically 2-5 $mol\%$ in feed), as a biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM). The GRGDS containing a p(NiPAAm-co-AAc) copolymer gel was studied in vitro for its ability to promote the spreading and viability of cells by introducing a GRGDS sequence. Hydrogel with no adhesion molecule was a poor ECM for adhesion, permiting spreading of only $3\%$ of the seeded cells for 36h. By immobilizing the peptide linkage into the hydrogel, the conjugation of RGD promoted $50\%$ of proliferation for 36h. However, the GREDS sequence, nonadhesive peptide linkage, conjugated hydrogel showed only $5\%$ of the seeded cell for the same time period. In addition, with the serum-free medium, only GRGDS peptides conjugated to hydrogel was able to promotecell spreading, while there was no cell proliferation in the hydrogel without GRGDS. Thus, the GRGDS peptide-conjugated thermo-reversible hydrogel specifically mediated the cell spreading. This result suggests that utilization of peptide sequences conjugating with the cell-adhesive motifs can enhance the degree of cell surface interaction and influence the long-term formation of ECM in vitro.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.52.1-52.11
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• 2020

Objectives: Yttria-stabilized tetragonal phase zirconia has been used as a dental restorative material for over a decade. While it is still the strongest and toughest ceramic, its translucency remains as a significant drawback. To overcome this, stabilizing the translucency zirconia to a significant cubic crystalline phase by increasing the yttria content to more than 8 mol% (8YTZP). However, the biocompatibility of a high amount of yttria is still an important topic that needs to be investigated. Materials and Methods: Commercially available 8YTZP plates were used. To enhance cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, the surface of the 8YTZP is sequentially polished with a SiC-coated abrasive paper and surface coating with type I collagen. Fibroblast-like cells L929 used for cell adherence and cell proliferation analysis, and mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) used for cell differentiation analysis. Results: The results revealed that all samples, regardless of the surface treatment, are hydrophilic and showed a strong affinity for water. Even the cell culture results indicate that simple surface polishing and coating can affect cellular behavior by enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. Both L929 cells and BMSC were nicely adhered to and proliferated in all conditions. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the biocompatibility of the cubic phase zirconia with 8 mol% yttria and suggest that yttria with a higher zirconia content are not toxic to the cells, support a strong adhesion of cells on their surfaces, and promote cell proliferation and differentiation. All these confirm its potential use in tissue engineering.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.877-885
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• 2000

PLA, PGA and PLGA films were treated with chloric acid mixture solution [70% perchloric acid (HClO$_4$)/potassium chlorate (KClO$_3$) aq. saturated solution, 3 : 2] to increase surface wettability and thus cell compatibility. The surface-treated PLA, PGA, and PLGA films were characterized by the measurement of water contact angle, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Surface wettability of chloric acid-treated PLA, PGA, and PLGA film surfaces was gradually increased with increase of treatment time. Unlike EtOH pre-treatment, chloric acid-treated polymer films maintain hydrophilic surface after drying. In cell adhesion test, fibroblasts were cultured on the chloric acid-treated film surfaces for 1 and 2 days. As the surface wettability increased, the cell adhesion on the surface were increased. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the surface wettability of polymer plays an important role for cell adhesion and proliferation behavior.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.524-530
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• 2013

In this study, we describe the most expected behavior of cells on the modified surface and the correlation between the modified substrates and the response of cells. The physicochemical characteristics of substrates played an essential role in the adhesion and proliferation of cells. Glass and polymer substrates were modified using air plasma oxidation, and the surfaces were coated with self-assembled monolayer molecules of silanes. The PDMS substrates embedded with parallel micropatterns were used for evaluation of the effect of topologically modified substrate on cellular behaviour. BALB/3T3 fibroblast cells were cultured on different surfaces with distinct wettability and topology, and the growth rates and morphological change of cells were analyzed. Finally, we found the optimum conditions for the adhesion and proliferation of cells on the modified surface. This study will provide insight into the cell-surface interaction and contribute to tissue engineering applications.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.3715-3721
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• 2013

In this study, the behavior of cells on the modified surface, and the correlation between the modified substrates and the response of cells is described. A close-packed layer of nano-sized silica beads was prepared on a coverslip, and the adhesion, proliferation, and migration of BALB/3T3 fibroblast cells on the silica layer was monitered. The 550 nm silica beads were synthesized by the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate in basic solution. The amine groups were introduced onto the surfaces of silica particles by treatment with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The close-packed layer of silica beads on the coverslip was obtained by the reaction of the amine-functionalized silica beads and the (3-triethoxysilyl)propylsuccinic anhydride treated coverslip. BALB/3T3 fibroblast cells were loaded on bare glass, APTMS coated glass, and silica bead coated glass with the same initial cell density, and the migration and proliferation of cells on the substrates was investigated. The cells were fixed and stained with antibodies in order to analyze the changes in the actin filaments and nuclei after culture on the different surfaces. The motility of cells on the silica bead coated glass was greater than that of the cells cultured on the control substrate. The growth rate of cells on the silica bead coated glass was slower than that of the control. Because the close-packed layer of silica beads gave an embossed surface, the adhesion of cells was very weak compared to the smooth surfaces. These results indicate that the adhesion of cells on the substrates is very important, and the actin filaments might play key roles in the migration and proliferation of cells. The nuclei of the cells were shrunk on the weakly adhered surfaces, and the S1 stage in which DNA is duplicated in the cell dividing processes might be retarded. As a result, the rate of proliferation of cells was decreased compared to the smooth surface of the control. In conclusion, the results described here are very important in the understanding of the interaction between implanted materials and biosystems.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.52.1-52.1
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• 2011

In this work, the effect of the addition of bioactive glass in the biocompatibility and mechanical behavior of conventional TTCP/DCPA based bone cement were investigated. The cement was initially modified with chitosan and HPMC which cross-linked with citric acid to improved mechanical properties.The injectable bone substitutes were further modified by adding varying amounts of bioactive glass (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) and its effects on the biocompatibility of the material were studied. Afterbio-glass powders were mixed with the optimized composition for HPMC and citric acid content,the IBS was incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ at different time intervals and showed progressive formation of HAp with increasing time. Mechanical properties like Vickers hardness and compressive strength were found to increase with the increasing amount of bioactive glass addition and that setting time was shortened. The fabricated IBS morphologies were further characterized using SEM. MTT assay was performed to check the cell cytotoxicity and cell proliferation for 1, 3 and 5 days. Cell morphology, adhesion and proliferation behavior of cell in the IBS by culturing MG-63 cells on the IBS for 20, 60 and 90 mins and 1, 3 and 5 days was also investigated. All the results showed increasing biocompatibility as the bioglass content increased. MTT results found the materials to be cytocompatible and SEM images showed that cells attached and proliferated successfully.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Zirconium oxide can be a substitute to titanium as implant materials to solve the esthetic problems of dark color in the gingival portion of implant restorations. PURPOSE: This study was performed to define attachment and growth behavior of osteoblast- like cells cultured on grooved surfaces of zirconium oxide and evaluate the genetic effect of zirconium oxide surfaces using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on (1) commercially pure titanium discs with smooth surface (T group), (2) yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) with machined surface (ZS group), and (3) Y-TZP with $100{\mu}m$ grooves (ZG group). Cell proliferation activity was evaluated through MTT assay and cell morphology was examined by SEM. The mRNA expression of Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, TGF-${\beta}1$, IGF-1, G3PDH in E1 cells were evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: From the MTT assay, after 48 hours of adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells, the mean optical density value of T group and ZG group significantly increased compared to the ZS group. SEM images of osteoblast-like cells showed that significantly more cells were observed to attach to the grooves and appeared to follow the direction of the grooves. After 24 hours of cell adhesion, more spreading and flattening of cells with active filopodia formation occurred. Results of RT-PCR suggest that T group, ZS group, and ZG group showed comparable osteoblast-specific gene expression after 24 hours of cell incubation. CONCLUSION: Surface topography and material of implants can play an important role in expression of osteoblast phenotype markers. Zirconia ceramic showed comparable biological responses of osteoblast-like cells with titanium during a short-time cell culture period. Also, grooves influence cell spreading and guide the cells to be aligned within surface grooves.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.397-404
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• 2003

The interaction of cell adhesive protein and polypeptide with bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) grown in tissue engineered films and scaffolds were examined. Several proteins or polypeptide known as cell-adhesive were coated adsorption on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) films and scaffolds and adhesion and proliferation behavior of BMSC on those surfaces were compared. The protein and polypeptide used include collagen IV, fibrinogen, laminin, gelatin, fibronectin, and poly(L-lysine). The protein and polypeptide were adsorbed on the PLGA film surfaces with almost monolayer coverage except poly(L-lysine). BMSCs were cultured for 1, 2, and 4 days on the protein- or polypeptide-adsorbed PLGA films and scaffolds. The cell adhesion and proliferation behaviors were assessed by sulforho damine B assay. It was observed that the protein- or polypeptide-adsorbed surfaces showed better cell adhesion and proliferation than the control.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2017

In this study, intermolecular crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) and porcine Cartilage Acellular Matrix (PCAM) blended hydrogel films for anti-adhesive barriers were prepared by gamma-ray radiation. The effects of the CMC/PCAM concentration and blending ratio on the morphology, gel fraction, gel strength, and degree of swelling were determined. The results indicated that crosslinked CMC/PCAM films show significantly lower the gel-fraction than CMC films. The degree of attachment and proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells on CMC/PCAM films was lower than the CMC films. We show the capacity of the CMC and PCAM to be hydrogel films, and the ability to reduce cell adhesion and proliferation on these films by modification with cell anti-adhesion molecules of PCAM. In conclusion, this study suggests that radiation cross-linked CMC/PCAM hydrogel films endowed with anti-adhesion ligands may allow for improved regulation of cell anti-adhesion behavior for prevent peritoneal adhesions.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a microbial storage polymer with biodegradable properties. In order to improve the cell compatibility of PHBV surfaces, the physicochemical treatments have been demonstrated. In this study, physical method was corona discharge treatment and chemical method was chloric acid mixture solution treatment. The physicochemically treated PHBV film surfaces were characterized by the measurement of water contact angle, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The water contact angle of the physicochemically treated PHBV surfaces decreased from 75 to 30～40 degree, increased hydrophilicity. due to the introduction of oxygen-based functional group onto the PHBV backbone chain. The mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts cultured onto the physicochemically treated PHBV film surfaces with different wettability. The effect of the PHBV surface with different wettability was determined by SEM as counts of cell number and [$^3$H]thymidine incorporation as measures of cell proliferation. As the surface wettability increased, the number of the cell adhered and proliferated on the surface was increased. The result seems closely related with the serum protein adsorption on the physicochemically treated PHBV surface. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the surface wettabilily of biodegradable polymer as the PHBV plays an important role for cell adhesion and proliferation behavior for biomedical application.